DIALOGUES, 

ENGLISH and HINDOOSTANEE ; 

FOR ILLUSTRATING THE GRAMMATICAL PRINCIPLES 

OF THE 

Mvm$m' dStet Sntrian <guftre> 

AND TO PROMOTE THE 

COLLOQUIAL INTERCOURSE OF EUROPEANS 

ON THE MOST INDISPENSABLE AND FAMILIAR SUBJECTS, 
WITH THE 

NATIVES OF INDIA, 

IMMEDIATELY ON THEIR ARRIVAL IN HINDOOSTAN, 

ough the Medium of its Vernacular, Military, and Maritime Language, and 
consequently the most current and useful of all the Oriental Tongues spoken 
not only in British India, but more or less over the whole adjacent Territo- 
ries, Islands, Seas, and Shores of the Eastern Hemisphere. 

TO WHICH HAS BEEN ADDED, 

A TRANSLATION OF THE ARTICLES OF WAR, WITH OTHER OBJECTS OF 
REAL IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY, 

INCLUDING THE 

Sukoontula Natuk, in the Universal Character. 



By JOHN BORTHWICK GILCHRIST. 



Muen huzrut i Suoda ko soona bolte yaro ! 
Ullah hee ullah ki kya nuzm o buyan hue. 

Mirza Moohummud Rufeeu — oorf Suoda. 

" Cedant Arma togce, conceded laurea Linguae." 
What spell have arms, with useless tongues when led ? 
Or lions' hearts— without a human head ? , 

FOURTH EDITION. 

Eontfon : 

PRINTED FOR KINGSBURY, PARBURY, AND ALLEN, BOOKSELLERS 
TO THE HON. EAST INDIA COMPANY, LEADENHALL STREET. 



tjl^-c tnt- — 



1826. 







Printed by S. M'Dowall, Leadenhall Street, London. 



TO 

THE MEMORY 

OF 

Thomas Roebuck, Esq. 

LATE CAPTAIN ON THE MADRAS MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT, 

WHO WAS LONG A ZEALOUS AND EFFICIENT OFFICER 

OF THE COLLEGE AT CALCUTTA, 

WW aSftovfe ft fnftrfttt; 

AS A PERMANENT TESTIMONY OF ESTEEM AND AFFECTION 

FOR THE DECEASED ; OF REGARD FOR HIS 

WORTH AND TALENTS AS AN ORIENTAL SCHOLAR, 

AND AN APPROPRIATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HIS 

SEASONABLE AID AND VALUABLE ASSISTANCE 

IN THE COMPLETION AND CORRECTION 

OF THE HINDOOSTANEE PHILOLOGY, 

AND ALSO OF THESE DIALOGUES; 

IN BOTH OF WHICH BOOKS HIS ARDUOUS LABOURS 

HAVE EXCITED FRIENDLY SENTIMENTS AND 

GRATEFUL RECOLLECTIONS, 

THAT NEVER CAN BE EFFACED FROM THE MIND OF 

HIS SINCERE AND AFFLICTED FRIEND, 

JOHN BORTHWICK GILCHRIST. 



Mistaken man is apt to think 
That fate doth worth engross; 

Because— when vice and folly sink, 
Few feel — none mourn their loss. 



contents. 



preliminary observations 1 

dialogues, miscellaneous and domestic from 16 to 29 

with a chairman or bearer, &c SO - 31 

with a butler, steward, or valet 32 - 33 

— — — ■ on speaking, telling, &c 33 - 50 

on eating, tasting, smoking, feeding. ... 51 - 60 

on breakfasting 61 - 66 

on dining , 67 - 72 

on waking 73 - 75 

on dressing and undressing 76 - 82 

— — — — on sleeping 83 - 85 

• on walking, going 85 - 86 

■ on horses, carriages, and dogs 87 - 92 

■ on riding 92 - 95 

« on going in a carriage 96 - 98 

on visiting 99 - 102 

on travelling, jaunting, &c 103 - 111 

on going on the river 112 -116 

— — on hunting, shooting, and fishing .... 117 - 122 

■ on swimming 123 - 124 

— ~ on gardening or horticulture 124 -128 

— — — between a lady and tailor 129 - 131 

■ other servants. ... 132 - 134 

■ ■■ with a revenue or civil officer 134 - 135 

■ while studying with a moonshee 136 - 148 

— — — — with a military officer 149 - 150 

— — — on taking accounts 150 - 153 

- on buying and selling L53 - 157 

— — on making and mending 1 57 - 158 



( vi. ) 

page 
dialogues on consulting and expostulating, from 158 to 164 
— — — on assenting and dissenting, understanding 

and remembering 165 

.." ' " on hearing, going, and coming 166-168 

on weather, seasons, and time 168-170 

enquiring after health 171 - 172 

— — military, or words of command 173-174 

medical 175-188 

— — — jennerian, on vaccination, between a hindoo 

and european doctor 189 - 210 

military terms 21 1 - 219 

articles of war 220 - 253 

grammatical exercises 254 - 276 

technical terms of grammar 276 - 284 

english and hindoostanee corruptions 285-288 

appendix, containing introductory remarks ...... i. - viii. 

franklin's reformed alphabet and system ix. - xiv. 

gilchrist's universal orthoepigraphy xv. — xix. 

, ■ in script characters ..... xx. 

Sukontulu nutuk from page 1 to 74 

a brief idiomatical version of the foregoing in part, 
as a practical specimen for the whole, in english, 

and in the universal character also 75-84 

a literal translation as above 86-88 

the fox and stork, in hindoostanee ditto 89-90 

in persian 90-92 

in the rustic tongue, or bhukhu 92 

— - — — — in bungalee 93 

— in sunskrit 95 

— in arabic 97 

a hindoo gentleman's letter in hindoostanee, transposed 

from the hindee-roman to the universal character .... 99 
the lord's prayer in Chinese, gaelic, and german, all 
likewise in the universal symbols 102 



errata. 



in every instance of y appearing here as a vowel, the 
correction should be made thus, ue; because the 
consonant y can never again appear in my system 
in that vocal capacity, and has been expunged of 
course, though formerly very injudiciously adopted 
for both powers, hy, therefore, or myn, &c. must 
be converted to hue and muen, wherever they occur 
in the hindee-roman department : the catholic cha- 
racter is sufficiently infallible, to speak for itself in 
every situation. 

page 

for ooseupne ,*^w~~~~~ read oose upne ~~~~~v%w34< 

- khaee ^^^^^^^^^ - bha.ee ~~~~„*„„ 4>3 

■— " mUSl «\VtV\ViMWnvtWW HUS1 ■VX-VWWVVV»."V%^-»^\.'Vte OO 

- going so ^.^v*^^.^^^. - doing so ~~~.~~~.~1 05 

- nu zur awe ~~~~~~ - nuzur awe~~~~~~115 

- neuch ~~~~~~~~~ - ne uch ~~~~~~~~119 

nSIl ■W*-~"V~X~.'VX'~~.-V%'M.X'» IlSll MVMWStWtWWVfcWl Ml 

- beejugle ~~~~~~~~ - beej ugle ~~~~~~125 

- pho ~~~~~~~~~~~ - phool~~~~~~~~~126 

- furq hue men ~~~~~ - men furq hue~~~~135 

- bechue ~~~~~~~~~ - bechne~~~~~~~~l 56 

- gay en ~~~~~~~~~ - gay on ~~~~~~~~157 

- kumputiyan ~~~~~ - kunputiyan ~~~~~175 

- lo hoo ~~~~~~~~~ - lohoo~~~~~~~~~186 

- tubeed ~~~~~~~~~ - tubeeb ~~~~~~~~196 

- rqopue ~~~~~~~~~ - roopue~~~~~~~~208 

- ubt g ~~^~^~ w ~» - ubtug ~~~~~~~~267 

- dialogues~~~~~~~~ - exercises~~ 253 to 272 
in Sukontulu for U — - U every where 

in advantedjez for dj ~ j ~~~~~~~~~~~xvii. 

for t fy d ~~~~~~~~~~ - t 8f d in general 

71 U O and have occasionally been confounded ; but 
the smallest attention only is requisite, to rectify 
such minor errors wherever they occur. 

for ftreftu ~~ ~~ read fur eftu ~~~page 17 

-he - he 22 

- othtu othutu 29 

~ yulum ~~~~ ~ - yulum — 30 



( viii. ) 
for Tukkwulu ~~ read Tukliwulu 34 

- mottuluyt mottuluyu 35 

KjC/ •w*^*^'%^»^wwv%'v*'v*'v%'v^ — fits ^'vwv-vw^'v^-k'wwwfc^v QyJ 

- he ~~~~~ ~ he 51 

- meln ese mttne se 59 

- joyulu * - joyulu 60 



the first step a learner should take, that he may not 
afterwards be puzzled in his progress, is to correct his 
class-books carefully from the errata. 



ISrtttef) gfntriati Bnttlliumtz, £jrtra0r$rmarg ana a#$avtxint. 



THE gratuitous Daily Lectures on Practical Orientalism, embra- 
cing elementary principles and colloquial practice, in which the under- 
signed has been constantly engaged for the last eight years, will be 
regularly continued in London till his return from Scotland and the 
Continent at the end of October, by two very reputable Eastern 
Scholars, who resided some time in the Asiatic Peninsula. Their know- 
ledge of the Persi-Arabic, and other local characters, enables those 
Gentlemen to combine this essential branch of Chirographic Litera- 
ture with the Oriental System of Tuition, so successfully introduced 
at the Lecture Room, No. 480, in the Strand, where it was completely 
communicated to them in the course of a few weeks' attendance and actual 
experience in this new mode of rapid instruction. While the exclusive 
privilege of Oriental Education continues suspended, during a period 
of three years, by the Haileybury College Suspension Act of Parlia- 
ment, (whence this odious monopoly is so far abolished,) the Public 
will probably be gratified to learn, that, besides the usual gratuitous 
Classes, private Lessons will also be given by Messrs. Arnot & Forbes 
for a reasonable fee, to which personally they can feel no objection, 
when the relatives of Noblemen, Gentlemen, and wealthy individuals 
cannot attend Lectures from nine till twelve o'clock, and are desirous 
of obtaining Oriental knowledge at hours, or places more convenient 
for them with respect to leisure, indiscriminate association, terms, &c. 
On application to Mr. Boone, Bookseller, No. 480, Strand, either in 
person, or by post-paid letters, he will cheerfully communicate all the 
requisite particulars, and will moreover point out those Orienti-Occi- 
dental Establishments recently commenced in various parts of the 
United Kingdom, to meet seasonably and efficiently the existing de- 
mand for Eastern Languages, through the counsel and countenance of 

JOHN BORTHWICK GILCHRIST. 

11, Clarges-street, 
August, 1826. 






hindoostanee dialogues. 



though much of the former preface to this work be 
now permanently transferred to the vade mecum, at 
present in every body's hands, and consequently unne- 
cessary here, the following sixteen pages are too essential 
to be omitted in this place, merely from the fear of 
reiteration, which after all must do more good than 
harm to every beginner. 

a sedulous examination of the dialogues, and other 
themes connected with this book, in regular progres- 
sion, will do more to pave the way for analyzing the 
hindoostanee on all occasions, than a thousand mere 
rules acquired by rote, with which a poor school- 
boy's memory is generally overloaded, like an ass's 
back, while his mind is allowed to remain as empty 
of thought, its proper food, as a heron's belly is of meat ; 
whence from our public seminaries we have spouting 
automatons in abundance, who seldom evince great men- 
tal energy or conception, till they learn the positive 
necessity through life of thinking and acting for their- 
selves, rather as intelligent, efficient beings, than sheer, 
passive machines or vehicles of useful knowledge, shouid 
i be accused of too many appeals to the risible faculties 
of my scholars, my answer is simply this, " laugh and 
be fat, if you please ;" but with the same breath let me 
beseech every reader who does not get too drowsy, upon 
the dry theme of language, in these words, " rouse 
thyself in due season from the waking dreams of implicit 



2 hindoostanee dialogues. 

confidence on others through life ; think for thyself, and 
be wise."" 

that none of my pupils may plunge headlong into the 
vortex of irrational dialogism, before they can reason 
upon what may be put into their mouths in the first 
person, or proceed from those addressed in the second, 
i have thought proper to introduce in this stage of their 
progress, a few more striking illustrations of the princi- 
ples in the east indian guide, pages 7 and 47, and of 
some other grammatical rules inculcated in that rudi- 
mental work for a similar reason ; an elegant colloquial 
story will be found at the end of the present volume ; 
thus provided with an alpha and omega as the requisite 
caveats against that premature use of speech, which half- 
fledged dialogists are too apt to imbibe, more as mocking 
birds who are proud of unmeaning sounds, than as men 
acquainted with the sense and due application of all the 
words they use in any discourse, 
what is on the table ? mez pur kya hue ? 

a book and a pen. kitab uor ek qulum. 

give me the book. kitab moojhe do. 

take the pen to my bro- qulum mere bha,ee ke pas 
ther. le chulo. 

but return in a moment. pur ko,ee dum men phir a,o. 

when yih and wooh occur as the, it will be equally 
convenient to resolve them into this and that, proximate 
and remote, which as personal pronouns for he, she, or 
it, will be illustrated hereafter. 

hee and ee, as definite affixes, never can be very 
troublesome, since they merely give an emphasis or force 
to the word, similar to our very, self, indeed, self-same, 
even, quite, just, just as, fyc. in expressions like, — this 
is the very soldier who fled, — yih woohee sipahee hue jo 
bhaga tha ; — go thyself, sirrah, — ube too hee ja : 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



3 



get some grass from the su,ees se koochh ghas man- 
groom, and give it to the horse. gla ( o uor ghore ko do. 
to which shall i give the kis ko danu doon is ko ya 



oos ko ? 

sub su ( ees kuhan huen ? 

sub humare su.eeson ko 

yuhan hazir kuro ek hee 

ko mut chhoro, kyoon kur 

chahiye ki subhee ubhee 

muojood hon. 

kootte ke pas jakur oosko 

panee do peene ko. 

kootte ke sath a,o yuhan 

uor oose in russiyon se 

bandho. 



grain, to this or that ? 
where are all the grooms ? 
collect all our grooms here, 
don't omit even one, for the 
whole are required to be 
present just now. 

having gone to the dog, 
give him water to drink, 
come with the dog here, 
and tie him with these 
ropes. 

speaking logically, we may affirm that the donative 
and objective case above is distinguished by ko, the 
itinerant by ke pas, the social by ke sath, and the instru- 
mental by se : but they merely prove, that simple post- 
positions require the inflection or second state of the 
noun only, while compounds on the contrary govern the 
inflected genitive, or adjective form, masculine or femi- 
nine, according to the gender of the compound when 
viewed in its original condition as a noun, yih koottee 
oos kootte kee turuf jay a chahtee, this bitch wants to 
go towards that dog. we dono apoos men billee kootte 
kee turuh lurte huen, they fight like cat and dog toge- 
ther, or in the manner of a cat and dog. 
the boy's sister's friend's chhokre kee buhin ke dost 



father's mother's brother's 
wife's three sons are now 
coming here, and their ser- 
vant along with them. 



ke bap kee madur ke 
bha ( ee kee joroo ke teen 
bete ubhee yuhan ate huen, 
uor oonka nuokur oonke 
sathee sath. 



b 2 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



the girl's brother's friend's 
mother's father's sister's 
husband's three daughters 
are now coming here, but 
their uncle will not come. 

cows' milk is very useful, 
and better than buffaloes', 
but goats' milk is the best, 
do not therefore pour the 
one's milk into the other's. 



chhokree ke bha,ee ke dost 
kee madur ke bap*kee bu- 
hin ke khusum kee teen 
betiyan ubhee yuhan atiyan 
huen, pur oonka chucha nu 
heen awega. 

ga,o ka doodh buhoot kam 
ka hue, uor bhuens ke 
doodh se bihtur, pur buk- 
ree ka sub se uch-chha, is 
liye ek ke doodh ko doosre 
ke doodh men mut dalo. 
with the assistance of the vocabulary in the guide, if 
the learner will form a few such sentences, without 
minding either their inelegance or even absurdity in 
english, he will soon overcome this bugbear, ka, ke, kee, 
to most beginners, and wonder, after analyzing the above 
examples, and those of his own making, why it should 
hitherto have puzzled himself, or any other body. 

i shall repeat here, that its government is retrospective, 
and its concord prospective ; whence chhokre kee buhin, 
&c. in the first instance, and chhokree ke oh^ee, &c. in 
the second ; chhokra, a boy ; chhokre, the second state, 
or infl. governed by kee, feminine, because in concord 
with buhin, sister, and so forth. 

let ka be supposed a final declinable adjunct, that 
makes every genitive a sort of adjective ; thus, kam 
means use, kam-ka, ke, or kee, of use, use^s, that is, 
useful. 



1 want to purchase a useful 
bitch's two he-pups, 
will you sell that useful 
dog's she-pups to me ? 



kam kee koottee ke do pille 
muenkhureedachahtahoon. 
oos kam ke kootte kee pilli- 
yan mere hath bechoge ? 



each of these sentences proves that every genitive must 



hindoostanee dialogues. 5 

be, as already inculcated, declined ka, ke, kee, to pre- 
pare the scholar for meeting one or all of them, according 
to circumstances- in this very case, which should at first 
be invariably translated by 7 s 9 in preference to of, though 
the persian, i, e, is more properly of, and often, between 
a noun and adjective, quite insignificant. 

our own language has many such genitive adjectives, 
which, if not so elegant, are, in lieu of others more 
learned, and at least equally convenient, ga,o ka doodh, 
couTs milk ; gudhee ka doodh, asses milk, to which, 
being unfashionable, we do not yet prefer vaccine, or 
asine, whatever may be done in half a century hence, in 
matters of this sort ; ga,o ke doodh ka, ke, kee, of 
cow's milk, or cows milks ; ga,o ke doodh men, in 
cow's milk ; ga,o ke doodh ka rung soofued hue, cow's 
milk's colour is white ; ga,o ke doodh kee qeemut ka 
thikana aj kul koochh nuheen, there is no medium now- 
a-days in the price of cow's milk ; literatim, cow's milk's 
price's medium to-day to-morrow any not is, 

it is now to be hoped, that we have got fairly over 
this stumbling block, ka, ke, kee, which has long proved 
a formidable obstacle in every lazy fellow's way, who 
merely sat down to smoke his pipe, or doze over the 
hindoostanee in india, instead of studying the subject 
with the avidity and resolution which its importance 
demands, as if a few whiifs of a chilum would inspire the 
student with grammatical knowledge, or that a sound 
nap over his book might enable him to find out this 
useful key to the language, by simply dreaming about 
it, and the innumerable difficulties in the way of pronun- 
ciation alone, which must stare even a learned persian in 
the face, the moment he turns it towards the popular 
speech of india. 



6' hindoostanee dialogues. 

mut ja,o is pille kee ma ke do not go near the mother 
pas deewane kee turih (men of this whelp, like a mad- 
subauditur) which converts man, i. e. in the manner of a 
turuh to turih. madman,in a madman's way. 

here kee governs pilla, a whelp, in the second state or 
infl. ; and is 5 this, is the pronominal adjective, also in- 
flected by kee to agree with pille ; pas, as a compound 
postposition, requires the inflected adjective form or 
genitive ma ke ; and turih, being a feminine noun, ellip- 
tically used as a postposition in this sentence, very natu- 
rally requires the feminine adjective form deewane kee. 

the principles in 7, 8, with the ample list of postpo- 
sitions in page 76 to 88 of the guide, cannot fail to make 
the learner master of this department, provided he will 
revise the whole, and recollect, that those words which 
end in e, come from nominatives in a, inflected to e, by 
some other invisible postposition that may easily be 
understood from the examples already produced. 

the context alone of any sentence can demonstrate the 
particular meaning of the postpositions in question, and 
they must be so translated, 
he hit with a ball. gole se mara. 

he brought from without. bahur se laya. 

he said to the boy. lurke se kuha. 

seize him by the hand. oosko hath se pukro. 

ke, with compound postpositions, is often dropped, and 

even they at times are omitted, leaving the ke in appa- 
rent discord with the noun following. 

a king who had (no son) ek padshah jiske (yuhan) 

not a son. beta nu tha. 

a king whose son was not ek padshah jiska beta shair 

a poet. nu tha. 

yuhan above, is more frequently understood than 



hindoostanee dialogues. 7 

expressed; the student should, therefore, on seeing a final 
e, ke, re, ne, or kee, ree, nee, for which he cannot 
otherwise account, presume some ellipsis or other, as in 
jiske beta nu tha, meaning in whose house, family, &c. 
there was no heir, consult the guide, page 83. 
do so for god's sake, not for so kuro khooda kee khatir, 
mine. meree nuheen. 

adverbials assume ka, ke, kee, on all occasions, whence 
they can say most conveniently — 

kuheen ka hakim yuhan ke the governor of some place 
hakim ke sath ja,ega, wuhan will go with the commander 
ke hakim kee khatir, kuhan of this place, for the chief 
ke hakim ke yuhan, ub ke of that place's sake, to the 
sal, i, e. now^s year, now of house of the magistrate of 
year in. meaning this or (what do you call) yon 
the present year. place, this year, 

bahur ka sahib aya hue a strange gentleman (or one 
khubur deejiyo ! i. e. with- from without) has arrived^ 
oufs gentleman. pass the word. 

this used formerly to be the exclamation of the dur- 
wan, or porter, in india, to apprize the master or mis- 
tress of the house that some visitor or other had arrived; 
but when i left that country, it was becoming less common. 

gender, as in the french and other tongues, is a sub- 
ject of considerable difficulty, which can be overcome 
by constant practice and attention alone, most words 
having an initial t, with a penult ee, like tusweer, a 
picture, tujweez, determination, are feminine, the ex- 
amples, as they occur under other heads, will sufficiently 
illustrate that of gender, both in its formation and con- 
cord, provided the learner will only recollect that ee, 
merely denotes the feminine of adjectives ending in u or 
a : uch-chha ghora, a good horse ; uch-chhee ghoree, a 



8 hindoostanee dialogues. 

good mare ; nek murd, a good man ; nek uorut, a good 
woman ; murd uor uorut kee nekee, the man's and 
woman's goodness ; puhar-ee kootta, or koottee, a high- 
land dog or bitch; jungulee bukra, or bukree, a wild 
goat, he or she. a retrospect to ee, as a significant par- 
ticle, in page 21 of the guide, will obviate all future 
ambiguity respecting this termination, which is so com- 
mon in the hindoostanee ; and the following abstract of 
feminine terminations may serve as an index so far to this 
intricate portion of hindoostanee grammar, until we can 
acquire, through time and practice, a more intimate 
knowledge of the subject, at present we can only assert, 
and this under many exceptions to t, that there are three 
feminine final letters, viz. ee, sh, and t, all the rest 
being in a great measure arbitrary. 

the number of feminine nouns in the reversed voca- 
bulary terminating in a, is 62; in b, 20; d, 36; e, 11 ; 
f, 12; g, 15; h, 76; j, 13; k, 51; 1, 59; m, 16; 
n, 57; o, 18; p, 7; q, 7; r, 97; s, 25 ; u, 7; y, 6; and 
in z, 12. 

go with a vengeance wher- bula se ja,o juhan kuheen 
ever you please. chaho. 

the sages of this country is moolk ke dana kisoo ko 
never curse any one. kudhee nuheen koste. 

the student must be prepared to encounter a good 
many nouns similar to bula and dana in the course of 
his reading; and the way to discriminate them as such is 
to note every word terminating with a-en as a nom. pi. 
of some feminine iu a, consequently of the second class 
or declension, and indeclinable in the singular, when 
the postpositions do not inflect final a or u to e, or when 
a-on terminates any word, it also must either prove a 
masc. or fern, of the second class, as an exception from 



hindoostanee dialogues. 9 

the first, and should ever after be treated accordingly ; 
dana,on ke nuzdeek is zindugee kee bula^n khooda kee 
turuf barha awen ki hum sub bur wuqt bihisht ke waste 
kumur bandhen, in the opinion of the wise, the mise- 
ries of this life often proceed from god, that we may 
all in time prepare for heaven. 

some exceptions from class first, though as feminines 
in a they belong to the second, are apt to be inflected 
by the illiterate; so, huwa, air, duwa, medicine, be- 
coming improperly huwe, duwe, duwon, &c. but these 
must always be treated as vulgar errors, instead of duwa, 
duwa, en, duwa,on, huwa^n, huwa, on, &c. 

juguh being feminine, is in the plural like bula in 
this very page, though in the singular it seems rather to 
be of the first declension, as jugih, jugeh, juge. in 
whose stead have you come $ kis kee jugih men a,e ho? 
what places are those on the other side of the river f we 
kuonsee jughen huen nudee ke oos par ? juguh something 
resembles purdu, purde, curtain, singular and plural; 
but there are too few inflectible words in uh, to assign a 
third declension for them only, particularly when this is 
so very obscure, that it often escapes notice almost entirely, 
when shoohrut fame, assumes t, it is feminine, but 
masculine as shoohru, a rule rather extensive in its appli- 
cation to such arabic words as are liable to have their 
finals either in u or t ; the former stamps them of the 
first class, but the latter of the second, and this also is 
the effect produced on both masculines and feminines. 
tegh, sword, (teghen, teghon, swords) becoming teghu, 
has only teghe, teghon of the first class, qubeelu, 
family, wife, is a regular masculine of the first declen- 
sion, and rueyut, a subject, even with masculines, is 
constantly feminine, wooh murd meree rueyut hue, that 



10 hindoostanee dialogues. 

man is my tenant, vassal, subject, &c., but such ano- 
malies are of rare occurrence. 

very little is now required on the degrees of compa- 
rison, to render them perfectly obvious to those scholars 
who have studied the remarks on this theme in pages 73 
and £16 of the guide, to which we may nevertheless 
subjoin lurke se lurkee goree hue, the girl is fairer than 
the boy ; lurkee se lurka gora hue, the boy is fairer than 
the girl ; lit. boy than girl fair is — girl than boy fair 
is : a transposition which finely elucidates the nature of 
hindoostanee construction, thus contrasted with our lan- 
guage, lurka buhoot gora hue, the boy is very fair; 
pur lurkee oos se uor goree, but the girl is more fair or 
fairer; such wooh sub se goree hue, true, she is the 
fairest of the whole. 

wooh mcojh se bhula hy, he is better than i (me;) of 
those fair ones she, is the fairest, oon goriyon men yih 
sub se goree hy ; goree goree lurkee, a very fair girl;: 
the boy is very fair, yih lurka buhoot gora hy. 

there is a species of assimilation, if not comparison, 
expressed so : ungoor ka sa chhala, a blister like a single 
grape ; ungoor sa nuya gosht, new Jlesh like a cluster 
of grapes, or the granulations of a wound ; in the first, 
the ka rather refers to individual, and the sa to general 
similitude ; but expertness in the proper use of ka and 
sa, on such occasions, can be gained by great practice 
and experience alone. 

to prevent any misconception of the pronouns, after 
what has been stated in page 69 of the guide, we may 
here recapitulate, that moojh-e, toojh-e, is-e, oos-e, kis-e, 
tis-e, are equivalent to moojh-ko, &c. as humh-en, toomh- 
en inh-en, oonh-en, &c. are to hum-ko, kumon-ko ; and 
at the same time observe of the other pronouns, that 



hindoostanee dialogues. 11 

with nouns in the pi. on they do not retain this sign also, 
hum log, we 'people ; hum teen buhinen, we three sisters; 
hum teen buhinon ko, to us three sisters ; hum teenon 
se, from us three ; humon pur, on us. mere, tere, 
humare, toomhare, often supply the place of moojh, &c. 
or vice versa, but this chiefly in poetry, and more rarely 
in prose or ordinary discourse. 

while ra is to the two first personals, what ka is to all 
other nouns, the last may, by the intervention of a 
word, be used after moojh, toojh, hum, toom, so : moojh 
ghureeb ka bap, the father of poor me ; toojh bechare 
kee ma, the mother of helpless thee ; hum duolutmundon 
ke ghore, the horses of us wealthy ; toom bhulon kee 
bat, the speech of worthy you. 

mere tueen kuha, he told me; ki mere oopur log 
rukhte huen, that they put it upon me ; tere pur nuheen, 
not on thee ; teree turuf ata hue, he comes towards thee; 
ap ne upne tu,een mara, he slew his self. 

never moojh ke oopur, or mere-ke tu,een, &c. ra and 
na being in fact anomalous substitutes for ka, ke, kee, 
these seldom can immediately follow those as a postposi- 
tion, in their pronominal capacity. 

the dat. and ace. are used almost promiscuously in the 
hindoostanee, so that the learner must not follow them 
too rigidly, as stated in the second tabular sketch of the 
guide, which is done merely in compliance with our 
customary forms : he should moreover constantly recollect 
that e and en are postpositions peculiar to the pronouns^ 
and occur instead of ko as dat. or ace. signs occasionally, 
the on and hon, of all the pronouns, may be omitted 
without invalidating their plurality in the least ; whence 
hum, toom, in, &c. are in constant use instead of hum- 
hon, toomhon, inhon, as kin, jin, &c. are for kinhon. 



12 hindoostanee dialogues. 

jinhon; but it must always be kept in mind, that where 

the pronouns are used adjectively, the on is inadmissible, 

it being properly restricted to their substantive capacity 

alone, in (or inhon) ko rotee do, uor oon (or oonhon) ko 

panee, give them (these pups) bread, and them (those 

pups) water, in (never inhon) pillon ko rotee do uor 

oon (never oonhon) pillon ko panee, because with pillon 

expressed, the pronominal on is no less superfluous than 

among adjectives in their second state plural, while 

joined with nouns in the same state also, though used 

when they represent concretes, feed these hungry boys 

with some food or other, koochh nu koochh khane se in 

bhookhe lurkon ko khila,o uor oon bhookhon ko bhee, and 

also those hungry boys, people, &c. danu oon ghoron ko 

do pur panee ubhee oonhon ko mut pila.o, give those 

horses grain, but do not yet give them water to drink, — 

in which, though oonhon ghoron cannot be used, either 

oon ko, or oonhon ko, may. see at the bottom of page 10. 

ap and upna are very puzzling words ; the last is much 

used reflectively, and even in cases where we would say, 

my, thy, &c. only. 

the use of ap self, upna own, and upne upnon my- thy- 
his- her- one^s-self, our- your- their-selves, according to 
circumstances, may be gathered from page 70 of the 
guide, and the various exercises in that rudimental work, 
so well calculated to elucidate this rather intricate portion 
of pronominal construction, which in the persian is 
founded on the very same principles, whence a light is 
reflected on the hindoostanee that nothing afterwards can 
obscure, and this is a result perfectly reciprocal. 

in the same member of a sentence the pronoun and its 
own possessive form cannot always follow each other, as 
in our language, but it rather takes upne, upnee. buk- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 13 

hanu,e khood khahum ruft, i will go to my house; muen 
upne (never mere) ghur ko ja ( oonga, if you will go to 
yours ; ugur toom upne (never toomhare) ghur ko ja,o, 
and he to his ; uor wooh upne (never ooske) ghur ko. 

they nevertheless say, mun o buraduri mun, i and 
my brother, muen uor mera bha,ee ; as we do ; he and 
his friend, wooh uor ooska dost ; they and their sisters, 
we uor oonkee buhinen, when both are subjects of the 
verb, and not affecting the consecutive as an object, that 
requires a reflective or reactive tendency towards its self 
or their selves, thus muen uor mera chucha toomhen 
koochh denge, my uncle and i will give you something ; 
but for myself i will take nothing from my uncle ; pur 
upne waste upne chuche se muen koochh nu loonga. 

he speaks to his self, ap se ap bolta hy. 

he fights with his self, upne se ap lurta hy, which 
may likewise mean, he fights with his own people, fa- 
mily, particularly when upnon is introduced for upne. 
ap, self, is subject to the same rule that khood is in 
persian. i will tell my friend, if you will inform your 
brother, that he also may apprize his acquaintance, muen 
upne dost se kuhoonga jo toom upne bha,ee se kuhoge, 
ki wooh bhee upne ashna ko khubur dewe ; mun bu 
dosti khood khahum gooft, ugur shooma buraduri khood 
ra khaheed gooft ki o neez bu ashna,e khood khubur 
bidihud. 

toom kuon sahib ke nuokur ho ? what gentleman's ser- 
vant are you ? too ko ( ee sahib ka noukur hue ? art thou 
any gentleman's servant f in which neither kis nor kisee, 
are preferred to the uninflected forms. 

moojh-ko, to me, — se-pur, from me, — on me, — are 
simple modes common to both grammars, but the 
moment a compound postposition occurs, it generally 



14 hindoostanee dialogues. 

requires the adjective form, as an inflected or feminine 
genitive, beside me, mere pas, (nizd i mun) ; toomharee 
turuf, (bu turfi shooma) towards you, is an idiom that 
appears to us rather beside mine, near of me, your side, 
in the hindee, and in fact may often be so applied ; meree 
bat bolta hy, he is speaking of me, or repeating my 
words, wooh toomharee turuf ho to ho, pur yih meree 
hue, that may be your side, but this is mine. 

all the pronouns being inflected in the singular, they 
may be placed so far under declen. or class 1, and every 
learner who knows to which first state or nominative the 
second state or obliques moojh, toojh, humon, toomhon, 
is, in, oos, oon, kis, kin, jis, jin, tis, tin, kahe, kisoo, 
kisee, kinhoon, &c. belong, after what has been said in 
this work and the guide, from pages 76 to 89? will be 
able to decline the whole series, with the aid of simple 
and compound postpositions, in every possible case and 
form. 

the scholar cannot too often observe, that the genitive 
of the first and second personals and reflective pronoun, 
is also a possessive or adjective pronoun, which will 
always be made still more obvious in the whole subse- 
quent series, by affixing ka, as an inherent component 
part of almost all the pronouns, with which this declinable 
commodious particle can assimilate, instead of the ra, na, 
already discussed, kiska, kiske, kiskee, therefore thus 
far resembles the latin cujus, cuja, and jinhon ka, ke, 
kee, quorum, quarum. 

the pronouns require the ka to agree in number with 
them ; muen upne bap ka beta hoon, or hum upne bap 
ke bete huen, may both mean, i am the son of my father, 
notwithstanding the difference of construction, among 
us, no scholar would say, you was taught, though 



hindoostanee dialogues. 15 

speaking to one person, i hope the following examples, 
and those in page 13, fourth paragraph, will put this 
matter beyond all doubt in future. 

too ujub turih ka luonda hue, thou art a strange sort 
of brat. 

toom zor tumashe ke lurke ho, you are a very comical 
boy. 

while on the personal pronouns, we must recollect that 
the courtesy and arrogance of the natives make the plural 
often apply to one person : toom kuon ho, who are you ? 
hum sipahee huen, i am a soldier ; uor we humare 
bha.ee huen, and he is my brother ; hum toom j ate the, 
you and i were going, this will prove at first rather 
perplexing to the scholar, but he may readily overcome 
the difficulty with a little attention, and should from the 
commencement learn to speak in the singular or plural 
number, with facility and ease, as he may find it his 
interest or duty to do so among the natives hereafter. 

as mere, tere, are used for moojh, toojh, these last are 
by the poets occasionally substituted for the former, in 
expressions like toojh ishq, thy love, moojh dil, my heart, 
but they seldom occur so in common discourse. 

moojh natuwan kee halut, the condition of hapless me, 
with the examples in page 11, clearly shows how ka, ke, 
kee, may mediately follow such pronouns in the genitive, 
which is immediately formed by ra, re, ree. 

kyoon oose boolate ho, why do you call him? yih 
(toomhen or) toojhe kya hue, what is this to (you, or) 
thee ? when e en are found as pronominal postpositions, 
ko, &c. cannot appear, but the emphatic ee may some- 
times deceive the learner, if not apprized of this, in sen- 
tences such as, isee ko maro oosee ko mut, beat this (here) 



16 hindoostanee dialogues. 

one, not that (there) one ; moojhee se kuha toom ne, you 
told me indeed, or my very self. 

it is probable enough, that in, oon, &c. are the remains 
of some dual form, and inhon, oonhon, &c. the real plural, 
though the distinction, if it ever existed in the hindoo- 
stanee, seems now-a-days to cause little or no difference 
in the application of these pronouns, unless perhaps 
to apply in, oon, from courtesy to one person, that inhon, 
oonhon, may more readily discriminate many, or that the 
addition of on rather belongs to such words in the pro- 
nominal than adjective state, see page 11. 

kuon kuon, kis kis, kya kya, jis jis, jiskis, jis kisee, 
jistis, somewhat resemble the latin quisquis, cujus cujus, 
&c. while kuonsa, juonsa, tuonsa, ko,eesa, rather assi- 
milate with quilibet, quivis. we kuon kuon kitaben 
huen ? what sort of books are those ? moojhe kuonsee 
doge ? which of them will you give me ? juonsee chaho 
tuonsee lo, whichever you choose, take the same ; kis 
turuh oose buna ( oon, how shall i make it ? jis turuh ho 
suke tis turuh buna,o, in the way it can be done, make 
it in that manner. 

wooh dhobee jo pichhle sal humare yuhan tha so aj 
phir ay a hue, the washerman who was with us last year, 
the same has returned. 

as both jo and so are occasionally other parts of speech 
than pronouns, the student must distinguish them from 
the context, jo wooh uesa kure so too bhee kur, if he 
act thus, do thou so likewise. 

kuonsa din, what day, uor kuonsee rat, and ivhich 
night, toojh bin, without thee, khooshee se goozre, have 
passed (or shall pass) with pleasure. 



dialogues. 



there was a Mng who had ek padshah tha jiske (yu- 

a daughter, but he had han) ek betee thee, pur 

not a son. ko,ee beta nu tha. 

what is the custom of this is bazar ka dustoor kya 

market f hue ? 

this is the (he or) man. yih wcoh-ee hue. 

the words dustoor, bazar, begum, soorut, surdar, moo- 
sulman, moonshee, feel, mooftee, hindoo, being frequently 
written correctly at once by most people, so far esta- 
blishes the general propriety of my system of hindee- 
roman orthoepigraphy. on this occasion let me caution 
the scholar not to allow any moonshee to insist, that 
particular examples are never used among them, until he 
can speak hindoostanee well enough to convince all such 
wiseacres of their total inability to comprehend the nature 
and tendency of what is asserted here, without being 
sufficiently versed in both languages, as no native can 
patiently submit to too and toojh, all of them have an 
interest in crushing expressions similar to that in the 
text, without having penetration enough to perceive, 
that in cases of displeasure, endearment, familiarity, and 
adoration, these are perfectly just, they cannot even 
comprehend the introduction of a single member of a 
sentence to illustrate a rule, and therefore often observe, 
who will return ? what man is to go ? why will he go ? 
we never speak so. this cannot be right, after instances 
which may be produced by the scholar in the course of 
his reading, the learner gets perplexed ; the moonshee 



18 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



persists in a speech, of which the other cannot compre- 
hend one third ; the dispute naturally ends in mutual 
chagrin, if not abuse, without the smallest advantage to 
either party. 



he will return in a breath, 
the short of it is this, that 
i will go to-morrow, 
the whole are there, 
i will take the business from 
thee and give it to him, 
who is he ? 

the brother of your wor- 
ship's cook. 

go to the groom, put this 
grain before him, and see 
that he gives it to the 
horse. 

i have come on the part of 
the king as ambassador to 
this government, 
what sort of animals are 
tftese f 

they are wild ducks, 
for what will you sell them 
to my master ? 



ko ( ee dum men phirega. 
ul ghurz yih hue, ki muen 
kul ja,oonga. 
wuhan sub hee hue. 
muen toojh se kam loonga 
uor cose doonga. 
wooh kuon hue ? 
ap (or sahib) ke bawurchee 
ka bha ( ee. 

sa,ees ke pas jakur, yih 
danu oos ke age rukhkur, 
dekho ki wooh ghore ko 
khilata hue. 

muen elchee hokur isee 
surkar men aya hoon pad- 
shah kee turuf se. 
ye kuonse janwur huen ? 

moorgh-abee huen. 
ketne ko mere khawind ke 
hath bechoge ? 
were ko here used instead of ke hath, the meaning 
would be perverted to — for how much will you sell my 
master as a slave ? a learner once in my presence asked 
a moonshee about a book, and concluded with saying, 
will you sell it to me ? in these words — hum ko (for hu- 
mare hath) bechoge ? will you sell me 9 the man very 
respectfully replied, muqdoor kya, ap mera ghoolam nu- 
heen, how can i do so? your honour is not my slave. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



19 



in your opinion is the rear 
of this house handsomer 
than the front? 
by no means, on the con- 
trary, i conceive the front 
is much more elegant than 
the rear. 

the matter may be so among 
the minister's servants, but 
it is otherwise with the ge- 
neral^ domestics, 
what connection is there 
between the princess son 



toomharee danist men is 
ghur ka peechha age se 
khooshnooma hue ? 
hurgiz, bur uks mere khiyal 
men iska aga peechhe se 
buhoot soothra hue. 

bat yoon ho to ho wuzeer 
ke nuokuron age, pur bukh- 
shee ke chakuron ke nuz- 
deek koochh uor hue. 
kuhan raja ka beta uor ku- 
han yih shoohru. 



and this report ? 

lit. where is the prince's son, and where this report ? 
there is this connection be- raje ke bete uor is shoohre 



tween the prince's son and 
this report. 

the steward has not a single 
penny about him for to- 
day's market expenses, how 
will he bring provisions, 
and in fact i have not even 
a bad farthing. 

if men have their male 
cooks, men-servants, and 
pages to serve them, women 
surely ought to have their 
cook maids, waiting maids, 
and damsels to attend them. 



men yih ]uga,o hue. 

khansaman ke yuhan aj ke 
bazar ke khurch ko ek 
puesa bhee nuheen, suoda 
kuhan se lawega, uor mere 
yuhan jo such poochho ek 
phootee kuoree bhee nu- 
heen. 

jub ki murdon ke yuhan 
bawurchee khidmutgar uor 
khuwass oonkee khidmufe 
pur ruhen chahiye ki uoru- 
ton ke yuhan bhee bawur- 
chin, khidmutgar in o suhe- 
liyan, bhee ruhen. 



c 2 



20 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



in what manner is it eoo- 



what is the matter ? 
what do you mean 9 
who makes a noise ? 
what do you say ? 
call him. 

what is your advice ? 
this will be better than all, 
it is the same thing, 
there is no difference, 
you speak very low. 

can you speak english ? 
speak easy hindoostanee. 
speak that again, 
you speak too quick, 
i do not understand, 
tell me what he says, 
do not forget, 
whence came you ? 
come hither, 
come near, 
go away. 
is there any news to-day ? 

how do you do ? 

what is your age ? 
i do not want more. 

more is not required. 



yih kuhne men kis soorut 

se awe hue ? 

kya hoo,a or hue ? 

toomhara iradu kya ? 

kuon shor kurta hue ? 

toom kya kuhte ho ? 

boola.o oose. 

toomharee kya sulah hue ? 

yih sub se bihtur hoga. 

ekhee hue. 

koochh furq nuheen. 

toom buhoot ahiste (or du- 

bee awaz se) bolte ho. 

toom ungrezee bol sukte ho? 

sulees hindoostanee to kuho. 

wooh phir kuho. 

toom buhoot juldee bolte. 

muen nuheen sumujhta. 

kuho to kya kuhta hue. 

bhooliyo mut. 

kuhan se a,e ho ? 

idhur a,o. 

pas (or nuzdeek) a,o. 

chule ja,o. rookhsut. 

aj kee kya khubur? lit. 

day's what news ? 

toom kuese ho, or khuera- 

fiyut ? 

toomharee oomr kya ? 

moojhe uor durkar nuheen 

i.e. me to morenecessarynot. 

uor nuheen chahiye. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



21 



tell the groom to get the 
horse ready. 

give me the whip and round 
hat. i 

send the palkee to me. 
if you don't do your busi- 
ness better, i will turn you 
away. 

bring breakfast, 
give me the sugar-candy, 
bring some more milk. 
% want to go out directly. 

what is therefor dinner ? 

bring water to wash my 

hands. 

hear ! i want a boat to go 

to Calcutta. 

what is the fare of it f 

when can you go ? 

we will go immediately. 

bring the boat here quickly. 

is the tide in now ? 

no, sir, it is out, or ebb. 

put me on shore. 

go this way. turn that 

way. 

what is the name of that 

village ? 

who stays there 9 

can we get any thing to 

eat or drink there ? 



kuho sa,ees se ki ghora tue- 

yar kure. 

chabook uor gol topee do. 

palkee mere pas bhejo. 

upna kam jo bihtur nu kuro 

to muen toomhen juwab 

doonga. 

la,o hazree. 

misree hum ko do. 

koochh uor doodh to la,o. 

muen ubhee bahur jay a 

chahta hoon. 

khane ko kya hue ? 

mere hath dhone ka panee 

la,o. 

soono ek na,o hum ko durkar 

hue kulkutte tuk jane ko. 

is ka bhara keta hue ? 

toom kubtuk chul sukoge ? 

hum ubhee ja ( enge. 

juld na,o eehan la,o. 

is wuqt juwar hue ? 

nuheen sahib bhatha hue. 

hum ko kinare pur ootaro. 

idhur ko chulo. oodhur ko 

phiro. 

kya hue oos bustee ka nam? 

wuhan kuon ruhta hue? 
wuhan koochh khane peene 
kee cheez miltee hue ? 



22 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



welly take the boat there, 
and put to. 

keep the boat here, and re- 
main all at hand, as we 
shall return immediately, 
come, let us set the boat off 
quickly. 

row fast, pull away, don't 
be la%y. 

put up something to shelter 
us from the sun, 
what o'clock is it ? viz. to 
what hour has the day ad- 
vanced, how much of the 
day is gone ? 
bring a chair quickly, 
get porters, and send my 
baggage close along with 
me. 

where do you mean to go, 
sir? 

let them carry me at once 
to the best tavern, 
the punch-man's house. 

come take me to mr. d — 's. 

who is that ? who are you ? 

is any body there ? 
what, has the gun fired ? 



uch-chha, wuhan na,o le 
chulo uor luga,o. 
dekho na,o isee juguh ruk- 
ho, uor toom sub hazir ruho, 
hum ubhee phir ate huen. 
chulo na,o juldee kholo. 

maro dand, zor se tano, 

soostee mut kuro. 

koochh khura kuro dhoop 

kee ar ke waste. 

kue ghuree din churha hue, 

din keta churha, or kue 

ghuree din hue ? 

palkee juldee munga,o. 
moothiyon ko boola,o, uor 
humare sathee sath humaree 
cheezbust bhejwa do. 
toom sahib kuhan ootroge ? 

sub se uch-chhe sura,e men 

hum ko ek bargee. 

le puhoonchawen, vulg. 

punch wale ke yuhan. 

chulo hum ko puhooncha o 

d — sahib ke yuhan. 

wooh kuon hue ? toom kuon 

ho? 

ko.ee hue ? 

kyoon top (bujee, chhootee, 

or) dughee ? 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



23 



han sahib. 

khidmutgar ja,o hath moonh 
dhone ka panee la,o. 
miswak munjun humen de. 



yes, sir. 

boy, go bring water to wash 

with. 

hand me the tooth-brush 

and powder. 

see what o^clock it is, 

your honour ! three bells or 

so. 

bearer, bring me a suit of kuhar, ek jora kupra la o 

clothes. 

brush my coat and hat. 

dress my hair. 

give me my boots and spurs. 



dekh keta din churha hue. 
khoodawund ghuree teen ek 
ay a hue. 



is the horse saddled or not ? 

get the carriage, coach, fyc. 

ready. 

no, no, countermand it. 

order the saddle horse. 

you must go along with me. 

is your master up yet ? 

yes, sir, but is gone out 

somewhere. 

do you know where he is 

gone to f 

i don't know. lit. to me 

known is not. 

is breakfast ready ? 

yes, sir, i am now making it. 



koortee uor topee ko jharo. 

bal buna,o. 

moze kanton sumet humen 

do. 

ghore pur zeen bandhee hue 

ki nuheen ? 

garee tueyar kura ( o. 

nu nu raunu kuro. 

suwaree ke ghore ko hazir 

kuro. 

humare sath toomhen jana 

hoga. 

ubtuk sahib ootha hue ? 

han sahib pur kuheen bahur 

guya hue. 

toom ko koochh muuloom 

hue ki kuhan guya ? 

moojhe muuloom nuheen. 

hazree tueyar hue ? 
han sahib ub kurta hoon. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



bring the water boiling hot. 

make the tea. 

give me a cup, milk, sugar, 

an egg, butter, bread, a 

spoon, raddish, cresses, 

jam. 

i want apalkee(or a chair) 

and bearers. 

what is the fare per day ? 

go straight forwards. 

turn to the right. 

turn to the left (hand.) 

go fast. , 

go a little slower. 

go there, — go on, — stop. 

stop here till i return. 

i will be back immediately. 



khoob khuolta panee la,o« 

cha buna,o. 

humeri do ek piyalu, doodh, 

misree, ek unda, mukhun, 

rotee, chumcha, moolee, ha- 

lim, moorubbu. 

ek palkee (ya bocha) uor 

kuhar zuroor hue. 

ek din ka bhara kya hue ? 

seedha age chule ja,o. 

duehne ko phiro. 

ba,en (hath) phiro. 

juldee chulo. 

ahiste zuru chulo. 

wuhan ja,o,— burhke ja,o,— 

khure ruho. 

eehan ruho jub tuk ki hum 

phir awen. 

isee dum hum phir awenge. 



this hum can only be defended on the plea, that as the 
natives, in this respect, hum us, we must in return hum 
them, by adopting the regal style in self-defence. 
run on before, and enquire age duorke ja,o khubur le 



ifmr. — be at home or 

not. 

stop, stop, put the chair 

down. 

is your master at home ? 

take up the chair, and go 

home. 

carry this bundle home. 



ki sahib ghur men hue 

ki nuheen. 

ruho, ruho, palkee neechhe 

rukh do. 

toomhara sahib ghur men 

hue? 

palkee ootha,o uor chulo 

ghur ko. 

is guthree ko le chulo ghur. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



25 



hand these things out of palkee men se ye cheezen 

the chair, ootha lo. 

i dine at mr. \ you hum khana kha,enge — 

sahib ke yuhan toomhen si- 

puhreeko wuhartjanahoga. 

a ( o moze ootaro. 

koochh shurab panee la,o. 

panee khoob thundha kuro. 

jo khana tueyar hue, to la,o. 

khana mez pur aya. 



must go there in the after- 
noon. 

come take off my boots, 
bring some wine and water, 
cool the water well, 
bring dinner, if ready, 
dinner is on the table. 

on such occasions the perfect tense is often used rather 
to denote the prompt execution of orders, than their 
actual performance, something like the coming of a 
waiter, who frequently takes due care that the guest shall 
wait long enough before he does really appear, all na- 
tions assume such a latitude in the use, abuse, and 
substitution of tenses, that no rules can well guide or 
controul them, both we and the hindoostanee use the 
present for the future tense ; but, what is most remark- 
able, they prefer the present to the past in examples like — 
i also was that year in bengal, muen bhee oos sal bungale 
men hoon. kul jise toom ne dekha tha, so, mera chucha 
hue — he whom you saw yesterday (is) was my uncle. 

thoree rotee la,o. 

moojhe saf chhooree kanta 

do. ' 

humen do numuk, raee, 

mirch, achar, sirka, shurab, 

panee, gosht, saf basun. 

bur tun ootha leja,o. 

jhilmil ootha,o. 

duwat, qulum, kaghuz la,o. 



bring some bread, 
give me a clean knife and 
fork. 

give me salt, mustard, pep- 
per, pickles, vinegar, wine, 
water, meat, a clean plate, 
take away the things, 
open the Venetians, 
bring pen, ink, and paper. 



26 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



carry this letter to mr. such 

a one^s, and wait for an 

answer. 

take this one to mrs. such 

a one^s, and if she be out, 

deliver it to the porter. 

what european is that ? 
whose horse is that 9 
whose house is this ? 
order the chair, 
take me to the post-office. 

how much is the postage to 
bunarus ? 

when the postman comes 
here, enquire if he have 
any letters for me or not. 
do you know my name ? 
yes, sir, it is pin. 
no, blockhead, my name is 
Jin, and is written on this 
paper, that the postman 
may shew it to the post- 
master. 

what do you want ? 
i have nothing to ask from 
you, but have come with a 
message. 

speak loud, and i shall hear 
you. 
hold your tongue. 



yih khut fulane sahib ke 

pas leja,o, uor juwab ke 

liye buethe ruho. 

is chithee ko leja,o beebee 

fulanee ke yihan, jo bahur 

gu,een ho, to ooske durban 

ke hath de a,o. 

wooh gora kuon hue. 

wooh kiska ghora ? 

yih kiska ghur hue ? 

palkee ka hookm de. 

hum ko dak ke ghur men 

puhooncha,o. 

bunarus tuk dak ka muh- 

sool keta ? 

jub dak wala yuhan awe tuo 

poochho ki humare waste 

ko,ee khut huen ki nuheen. 

humara nam toom jante ho ? 

han sahib pin hue. 

nuheen, bewuqoof, nam 

humara fin hue, uo likha 

hoo,a hue, isee kaghuz pur 

ki dak ka piyadu dak ke 

sahib ko dikhlawe. 

toom kya chahte ho ? 

toom se muen koochh mang- 

ta nuheen hoon, pur ek 

pueyam lekur aya. 

pokarke bolo, tuo hum 

soonenge. 

choop ruho. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



27 



speak slowly and distinctly, 

i shall then understand 

you, 

what isryour name f 

where do you live ? 



ruh ruhke uor bolbol jooda 
kur, bolo, tuo hum sum- 
jhenge toomharee bat. 
toomhara nam kya ? 
toom kuhan ruhte ho ? 



give my compliments to humara sulam upne sahib 



your master. 

do you know that man 9 

ask him what he wants ? 

tell him to go away, and 
call to-morrow morning. 



se kuho. 

toom jante oos admee ko ? 

poochho to oos se toom kya 

chahte ho. 

kuho oos se ki toom ub chule 

ja,o, kul fujur pher a ( o. 



when he comes, let me know, jud puhoonche tud hum ko 

khubur do. 
what do you call this in is ko hindoostanee zuban 



hindoostanee ? 
bring that paper from un- 
der the chair, 
lay my watch on the table. 

is it a fair day f 



men kya kuhte ho ? 
chuokee ke neeche se ootha 
la,o oos kaghuz ko. 
humaree ghuree mez pur 
rukho. 

aj din phurchha hue ? 
no, sir, it is cloudy, nay, it nuheen, sahib, budlee hue, 



rams. 

see if the weather be cleared 

up. 

it is about clearing a little. 

is my bed made ? 

i have not yet made it. 

brush the curtains well, 

that no musquitoes may 

remain. 

clean my shoes well. 



bulki burusta hue. 

dekho asman koochh khoola 

hue. 

koochh ek saf hone luga. 

bichhana bichhaya hue ? 

ubtuk nuheen kiya. 

musihree khoob jharo jo 

muchhur nu ruhe. 



jootee ko 
saf kuro. 



uch-chheeturuh 



28 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



wake me very early in the 
morning, 
light the lamp, 
blow out the candle, 
shut the door, 
move a little to the right 
move a few steps to the left, 
fall back a step or two. 
the enemy are about re- 
treating. 

o soldier, you said those men 
will come to-morrow, 
who told you this ? 
their man said, that they 
would come in the morning, 
the thing which you sent i 
shewed him, and repre- 
sented what you had told 
me. 

hea/r : ask the khidmutgar 
whether he hath prepared 
the breakfast, or no ? 
well, bookbinder, yesterday 
i gave you an order to bring 
meer husutfs musnuwee, 
you have not brought it; by 
this, through your neglect, 
i have been interrupted. 
i said to him yesterday, 
having gone to such a one^s 
garden, beg a few rose- 
apples from such a gar- 
dener, he did not go; what 



hum ko buree fujur juga,o. 

chiragh jula.o. 
buttee boojha.o. 
durwazu bund kuro. 
koochh duehne hath dubo. 
do teen qudum ba,en surko. 
ek do qudum huto. 
dooshmun hutne luge. 

ue sipahee toom ne kuha hue 

ki kul we admee awenge. 

kin ne yih bat toom se kuhee. 

admee oon ka bola ki we 

fujur ko awenge. 

hum ne wooh cheez jo ap ne 

bhejee oon ko dikhla.ee uor 

urz kee jo bat ap ne moojh 

se kuhee. 

soono : khidmutgar sepooch- 

ho ki toom ne hazree tueyar 

kee hue ya nuheen ? 

ue suhhaf kul hum ne toom 

ko hookm diya meer husun 

kee musnuwee lane ko 5 toom 

nu la ( e is liye toomharee 

ghuflut se humara khulul 

hoo,a. 

hum ne oosko kuha tha kul, 

too fulane ke bagh men ja- 

kur fulane malee se goolab 

jamun thore se mangla,iye, 

wooh to nu guya humare 



hindoostanee dialogues. 29 

concern does he feel about kuhne kee kya purwa hue 
my orders ? oosko ? 

the subjective untranslatable postposition ne, or em- 
phatic prefix to all transitive preterites, when not com- 
posed of a present participle, will be amply illustrated in 
almost every page of the following dialogues ; for the fact 
is, that this otherwise troublesome expletive, after all 
that can be said, will be best learned from practice ; but 
the scholar must recollect, that when nominatives, or 
words in the first state, are used accusatively, the verb 
agrees with them rather than with its own proper nomi- 
native ; and that the second state with ko, or accusatives, 
on the other hand, with ne, keep the verb in an indecli- 
nable state entirely so — lurkon ne lurkiyan mareen, boys 
beat girls ; lurkiyon ne lurkon ko mara girls beat boys ; 
a curious regimen, which will soon become familiar by a 
little attention, as the rule certainly runs through the 
whole language, with very few exceptions, the pluper- 
fect is often substituted for the perfect, sipahee ne jo kul 
aya tha, the soldier — who came (lit. had come) yesterday; 
ek uorut buhoot maree thee, beat a woman severely ; and 
the other tenses, like those in most languages, run much 
into each other, while ne has no visible signification in 
english. 

ne, however insignificant, can only be used with an 
active preterite verb, to this rule there are exceptions, 
as ne never can occur with the imperfect, neither can it 
with some few verbs, such as bolna, lana, bhoolna. if 
the sign of the accusative be not in the sentence, the verb 
is governed by the object; if ko be in the sentence, the 
verb partakes of a neuter state, remaining totally un- 
changed, some words may be disjoined or compounded 
with verbs at pleasure, for instance, urz, fikr, may 



30 hindoostanee dialogues, 

either govern or remain compounded ; as muen ne urz 
kee, muen ne fikr kee, i made a representation, might 
with equal propriety be muen ne urz kiya, i represented ; 
the sentence being the accusative, as if the verb had been 
uruzna to represent, a native would imagine the scholar 
a sorry jargonist were he not to use ne when necessary, 
or make use of it improperly ; and the knowledge of this 
may be productive of much benefit, if a servant were to 
say to his master, muen ne diya, he would probably 
conceive, that what had been sent, was not delivered ; 
the master might naturally desire the reasons : the servant 
would persist, in the very same words, on its having been 
delivered ; which the other, through ignorance, would 
construe the reverse : the master becoming incensed, the 
servant frightened, blows or abuse might follow, thus, 
a good servant may be lost for having performed what 
he had been ordered, and whose only fault was, speaking 
too grammatically ; or, in other words, above his em- 
ployer's comprehension, the ne will be met with, as well 
as the preposterous concord of preterites with their ob- 
jects, in many parts of these sheets, which from every 
novice ought to meet with due attention, that this intricate, 
b'jt essential portion of hindoostanee grammar may be 
duly acquired, it must be confessed, at the same time, 
that by the most illiterate of the natives, and those also 
to whom this language is not strictly vernacular, in some 
regions of the peninsula, ne is very liable to misuse, 
equally with sterling english, when debased in the mouths 
of ignorant or provincial orators. 

a chairman, or a palkee kuhar, hummal muhra, 
bearer. bho.ee. 

come ! chairman, in whose kyoon muhre toom kis ke 
service are you, and when eehan kuharee kurte ho uor 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



31 



did you arrive in Calcutta ? 

how many other chairmen 

are with you $ 

are all those bearers your 

countrymen only, or your 

relations ? 

what tribe of chairmen is 

there here who make more 

money than the rest ? 

what do you do with every 

montlus earnings ? 

do you preserve it as a 

stock by you, or remit it 

every month to your own 

country ? 

with us why do you term 

yourselves buehra, (or 

bearer) ? 

what ! has no one yet told 

you, that bearer is in our 

tongue a very low word, 

like slave, or drudge, and 

you know that buehra 

means a deaf man ? 



kud ke a,e ho kulkutte men? 
toomhare sath ketne uor ku- 
har huen ? 

we bho,ee sub nire toomhare 
des bha,ee huen ki nate 
rishte ke ? 

kuonsee zat humma Ion kee 
uesee hue ki ziyadu roopiyu 
uoron se eehan kumawe ? 
hur ek mas kee kuma,ee se 
toom log kya kurte ho ? 
upne pas toom poonjee kur 
rukhte ho ki mas mas upne 
des ko bhejte ho ? 

humareyuhan toom log upne 
ap ko buehra (ya bearer) 
kahe ko kuhlate ho ? 
kya aj tuk toom ko kisoo 
ne nuheen kuha hue, ki 
bearer humaree zuban men 
buree neech bat hue, juesa 
qoolee ya muzdoor, uor toon 
jante ki buehra oosko kuhte 
jo soonta nuheen ? 
so very tenacious are the meanest indians of rank, title, 
and respectability, that it is a known fact all the chair- 
men have an idea, that bearer is an appellation little 
below lord or duke, this is the mystic charm which 
makes them detest their own words kuhar, &c. 
well, now walk off: le ub chule ja,o. 

a waiting servant, butler, khansaman ya khidmutgar. 
or steward. 



32 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



pray what is your name ? 
let me know also your mas- 
ter's name. 

how long have you been in 
that gentleman's service f 
where is your native coun- 
try^ and how far may it be 
hence ? 

do people in general go 
there by land or water f 

what is the most important 
article of trade in that 
country, and what things 
are produced in greatest 
abundance there ? 
are your parents alive or 
not, and do you ever go to 
see your friends ? 

do you know at what rate 
copper sells in the market 
here ? 

what, cannot you even say 
that one penny's worth of 
copper will be the weight 
or size of a penny or not ? 
do you know now a-days at 
what rate a quart of milk 
sells in the city, and in the 
country for how much ? 
you may now depart. 



soono to toomhara nam kya 

hue ? uor upne sahib ka 

bhee nam butla.o. 

kud se cos sahib ke eehan 

nuokur ruhe ho ? 

toomhara wutun kuhan hue 

uor eehan se ketee door 

hoga ? 

log uksur wuhan jate huen 

khooshkee kee rah ki turee 

kee? 

bharee jins cos moolk men 

kya kya hotee hue ? uor 

kin kin cheezon kee ziyadu 

pueda,ish hue ? 

toomhare ma bap jeete huen 
ki nuheen, uor toom kudhee 
jate ho upne logon kee moo- 
laqat ke liye ? 
toomhen koochh khubur hue 
ki tamba eehaa ke bazar 
men kis bha,o bikta hue ? 
kya toom etee bat nuheen 
kuh suko ki ek puese ka 
tamba puesa bhur hoga ki 
nuheen ? 

in dinon toom jante ho ki ek 
ser doodh kete ko bikta hue 
shuhur men, uor bahur 
ketne ko. 
bus ub toom ja,o. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 33 

when the reader is able to analyze and comprehend all 
the foregoing examplary dialogues on grammatical prin- 
ciples, he may then safely venture upon the subsequent 
large collection, from which, and the exercises in the other 
two class books, or guide- and story-teller, as well as from 
those inserted in this volume, he will quickly attain a 
facility of speaking the hindoostanee on all occasions as a 
rational being, instead of chattering like a magpie, par- 
rot, or starling, none of which, though they can articu- 
late sounds, know more of their sense than the solemn 
silent owl, whose notes, at most, seldom transcend the 
oo, oo, or hoo, hoo, evident in its various names, ool, 
ooloo, hoolet, owl. 

speaking, bolchal. 

do you speak our language? toom humaree zuban bolte 

ho? 
yes, i can speak a little han, muen ungrezee koochh 
english. koochh bol sukta hoon. 

very few of the natives about kulkuttu being polite 
and civil enough to use muen for i, it behoves us to hum 
them while they continue to hum us ; though i cannot 
well, in grammatical dialogues like the present, prefer 
the humming birds of bungalu to the muenas of hindoo- 
stan, by always inserting hum, we, for muen, i 9 against 
every rule of grammar and good manners, for a full 
account of this curious abuse of the personal pronouns, 
the inquisitive reader may consult the guide, and the 
large grammar prefixed to my dictionary. 
i have not yet learned to muen ne ub tuluk, toomha- 
speak your language. ree zuban bolnee nuheen 

seekhee. 
they speak the hindoostanee is tumam moolk men hindoo- 
all over this country, and stanee zuban bolte huen uor 



34 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



it will be very useful to 

you. 

i shall learn to speak the 

hindoostanee as soon as 

possible. 

do not speak english to me, 

until i tell you that to me a 

difficulty exists with the 

hindoostanee. 



yih toomhare buhoot kam 

awegee. 

jitnee juldee ho suke muen 

hindee bolneko seekhoonga. 

hum se ungrezee mut bolo, 
jub tuluk muen nu kuhoon 
ki hindee men moojh% diq- 
qut hotee hue. 



the hum above should properly be moojh, agreeably 
to the foregoing note ; but as it is a good instance of the 
royal style that our servants have forced us to adopt, by 
assuming it for theirselves, i thought it best to preserve 
and notice it in this place, particularly, as one such 
instance, properly observed, will effectually reconcile all 
the rest, our till and un-til will account for nu above, 
on the least reflection about un. 



i heard him speaking to his 

brother. 

had i all along spoken the 

language of this country, 

since my first arrival, i 

should have now been able 

to speak it with great ease. 

i speak the hindoostanee 

better than my brother, 

though in age he is more 

than i am. 

what, do i really speak 

well? 

he spoke to me about your 

business. 



muen ne ooseup ne bha,ee se 

bolte soona hue. 

muen jub se ay a hoon tub 

se ugur humeshu is moolk 

kee zuban ko bolta to ub 

muen buhoot suhuj se bol 

sukta. 

muen upne bha,ee se hindee 

uch-chhee bolta hoon, ugur- 

chi wooh moojh se oomr men 

bura hue. 

kya muen such uch-chha 

bolta hoon ? 

oos ne toomhare kam kee 

babut moojh se kuha tha. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 35 

they do not speak to each we in dinon apus men bolte 

other now-a-days. chalte nuheen. 

he never will speak to you wooh toom se phir kubhee 

again, nu bolega. 

what do you say ? toom kya kuhte ho ? 

the hindoostanees imitate us in putting the person 
addressed in the plural (or the germans, by using the 
third person), with a plural verb, in cases of great 
familiarity, endearment, or singular adoration or obedi- 
ence, as well as in derision and contempt, the singular 
too or tuen, thou, tera, thy, thine, are adopted as with 
us. this quakerism in speech should seldom be admitted 
or encouraged by those who are not adepts in this tongue, 
whence the great use of all imperatives plural in o, as 
a,o, come you ; ja,o, go you ; kha,o, eat you ; for a, come 
thou ; ja, go thou, &c. i have purposely omitted toom, 
you, too, thou, with the above examples, to accustom 
the learner to an early use of the hindoostanee verb, 
without a servile repetition of their respective pronouns; 
because, like the latin, the hindoostanee verbs denote 
the particular person and number, in general, by the 
terminations, which moreover often discriminate the 
feminine thus : ata hue, he is coming ; atee hue, she is 
coming; ate huen, they (males) are coming; atiyan or 
ateen huen, they (females) are coming, such expressions 
give a variety, mellowness, and precision to the language, 
which must strike every discriminating ear with delight, 
when the hindoostanee is spoken with grammatical pro- 
priety by a native of dilhee. 
i was not speaking to you. muen toom se nuheen bolta 

tha. 
can you tell me where he toom kuh sukte ho ki wooh 
lives ? kuhan ruhta hue ? 

d 2 



36 hindoostanee dialogues. 

tell me the name of this in toom upnee zuban men iska 
your language, nam to buta,o. 

all sentences that have any of the personal pronouns 
in the nominative singular or plural, either understood 
or expressed, as toom is here, always require upna, own, 
instead of the other possessives, your, my, his, &c. a 
novice would certainly make use of toomharee for upnee 
here, and discover his ignorance accordingly, if persian 
scholars will always use upna in hindoostanee for khood, 
after a nominative pronoun, as in persian, i believe they 
will never go wrong. 

say nothing to any body of oos kitab kee babut jo toom 
my speaking to you about se muen' ne kuha so kisee 
that book. se koochh nu kuhna. 

they speak english among we apus men ungrezee bolte 
themselves, and persian huen, uor hum se farsee. 
with us. 

some people say he will bu,uzi log kuhte huen ki 
arrive to-morrow, but others wooh kul puhoonchega, leMn 
insist that he hath arrived uor log bujid hokur kuhte 
yesterday. huen ki wooh kul hee pu- 

hooncha hue. 
he would not tell me which ooskee murzee nu thee jo 
of the two was yesterday's kuhe moojh se ki in donon 
or to-morrow^s lesson ? subuq men kuon kul ka 

hue uor kuon kul ka hoga. 
the two last sentences betray the common opprobrium 
of the hindee, kul being applicable to both yesterday 
and to-morrow; but as the tense of the verb generally 
restricts the time to past or future, the meaning of kul 
can seldom prove ambiguous, this certainly is one of the 
several bugbears, with which the mere kissmygar gentry 
endeavour to frighten women and children from acquiring 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



37 



the popular language of hindoostan grammatically, with- 
out recollecting that the natives could effectually turn the 
tables on the english language, on similar principles, by 
asserting its total inability to express they (females) are 
weeping, rotiyan huen, with the same elegance and bre- 
vity ; leaving our own adjective, adverb, and substantive 
well, to speak for itself, as well as may easily be done, on 
all occasions, with little or no danger of tumbling into a 
well, when we are well enough to walk well without as- 
sistance. 



who says this paper is 
white, when i affirm it is 
black as night? 

bid him come here. 

your servant does not mind 

what you say to him. 

tell him he is a great rogue, 
and that he is always tell- 
ing his master a parcel of 
lies, i. e. bags on bags of, 
in the hindee. 
you dare not say so to a 
soldier, lit. your such cou- 
rage is not that, fyc. 
may i speak to your father? 

could i speak the hindoo- 
stanee, i would with plea- 
sure ; but, alas ! i cannot 
win two sentences together 



kuon kuhta hue ki yih 
kaghuz soofued hue jub 
muen kuhta hoon ki yih rat 
sa kala hue ? 
cos se kuho yuhan a,o. 
toom upne nuokur se jo 
kuhte ho so wooh manta, 
nuheen. 

cos se kuho ki too sukht 
budzat hue, uor upne kha- 
wind ke samhne humeshu 
jhooth kee poton kee pot 
kholta hue. 

toomharee uesee himmut nu- 
heen hue ki kisee sipahee 
se uesa bolo. 

muen toomhare bap se bo- 
loon. 

ugur muen hindoostanee 
zuban bol sukta to khooshee 
se bolta, pur ufsos hue ! ki 
oos zuban men muen do 



38 hindoostanee dialogues. 

in that tongue. joomle buna nuheen sukta 

hoon. 
you might speak it in a few toom ku,ee muheene men 
months, and should always bol sukoge, uor lazim hue 
speak it with every body ki uese hur ek admee se 
who is able to tell you how bola kuro ki jo uch-chhe 
to speak it well. bolne kee turuh hue so 

toomhen buta suke. 
what did he say when you jub toom ne mere phir (nu) 
told him to remain until (or ane tuk oos se kuha ki ruho 
till) i returned f tub oos ne kya kuha ? 

this sentence, translated literally, runs exactly so : 
" when you — my again coming till, him to said, that 

stay, then he what said ?" the blanks here 'are so 

far explained in page 29, which see. the man who may 
attempt to make any thing of this literal version, without 
a tolerable idea of the hindoostanee idiom, will find his- 
self greatly at a loss indeed, unless he has been much 
accustomed to the very useful practice of translating 
foreign tongues verbatim, previous to their reduction to 
the idiom of his own language; a continued habit of such 
an exercise, for a few months, will do more to form a 
faithful, as well as elegant, translator, than the same 
number of years bestowed on mere rules, without reducing 
them to practice, the greatest portion of these dialogues 
has indeed been formed on the principle of preserving 
the hindoostanee idiom and phraseology, as far as these 
occurred to us, while we were busy upon the hindoostanee. 
the fact is, that few men individually, or collectively even, 
can all at once conjure up the particular turns and phrase s 
of speech, the very moment they happen to be most 
wanted ; it will not therefore be wonderful, if we have 



hindoostanee dialogues. 39 

often failed in our attempts at very idiomatical hindoo- 
stanee from an english original, could we get the na- 
tives to form a large collection of the most common 
sentences of the greatest utility in the ordinary transac- 
tions of life, it would perhaps prove a better plan for 
learners to reduce them to english, than to reverse this 
method, as i have generally done, at all events, the 
slightest attention to any of the dialogues in which the 
transposition of words from our order of construction, or 
the substitution of one pronoun for another occurs, must 
convince the learner how very little a simple dialogist has 
to expect from so clumsy and irrational a method as he 
might prefer, for acquiring the vernacular speech of india, 
or any foreign tongue. 

he said he had business, oos ne kuha ki mere hath 
and could not possibly re- men kam hue, muen ruh 
main. nu sukoonga. 

the mere here, for the ooske that a tyro would make 
it, admirably proves the truth of one observation in the 
preceding page. 

did you ask him of what toom ne oos se poochha ki 
nature the business was ? wooh kam kis turuh ka tha? 
yes, i did ask, but he said han poochha tha pur oos ne 
it was a secret which he kuha ki wooh bhed kee bat 
could not possibly mention, hue ooska muen buyan nu 

kur sukoonga. 
what do you say to this toom is kam men kya kuhte 
business? have you any ho? koochh toomharee pu- 
objection to it ? kur is men hue ? 

no, i cannot say that i have, nu muen kuh nuheen sukta 
but i think it might have ki koochh pukur hue, pur 
been better managed other- mere dhyan men wooh kam 
wise. uor soorut se bihtur hota. 



40 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



how, do you really think 
so 9 what do you think 
wrong ? 

tell him to come here, as i 
wish to speak to him. 

he says he will not come. 

what, does the fellow say 
he will not come to speak 
to me, when i desire him 9 

tell him, if he does not 

come immediately, that he 

will be dismissed. 

he says that is what he 

wants. 

well, i will not speak to 

him, as i may get angry 

and beat him, but give him 

his wages and dismiss him. 

i am sure that your speak- 
ing a word would effect 
what i desire. 

i would not for the world 
that you should say a word 
to him on the subject ! 

open your mouth, and speak 



kyoon yih toom theek su~ 

mujhte ho? toom is men 

kya zuboonee dekhte ho ? 

oos se kuho ki yuhan awe, 

kyoon ki muen oos se koochh 

kuha chahta hoon. 

wooh kuhta hue ki muen 

nuheen a.oonga. 

wooh murduk kya yih kuhta 

hue ki muen oos t ke boolane 

pur oos se bolne ko nu 

ja,oonga. 

kuho oos se too ugur troont 

nu ja,ega to burturf hoga. 

wooh kuhta hue ki muen 
yihee chahta hoon. 
uch-chha, muen oos se nu 
boloonga, kyoon ki muen 
ghoosse hoonga to maroonga 
lekin cose tulub de kur 
rookhsut kur do. 
muen yuqeen janta hoon 
ki jo mera mutlub hue so 
toomhare ek bat ke kuhne 
se hasil hoga. 

jo tumam juhan hum ko 
deeje tuo bhee muen nu 
chahoon ki toom oos babut 
men oos se ek bat kuho ! 
upna moonh kholo uor hur 



hindoostanee dialogues. 41 

louder, pronouncing every ek hurf jooda jooda tuluffooz 
letter distinctly. kurke boolund awaz se bolo. 

remember that you have yad rukho jo toomne qusum 
sworn to speak the truth, khaee hue ki such ku- 
tell the whole truth, and hoonga, bilkool such kuho, 
nothing but the truth. uor such siwa koochh nu 

kuho. 
are you aware of the guilt jo shukhs suogund khake 
incurred by him who deli- sochkur jhooth bole jo goo- 
berately utters a falsehood nah oos pur hue toom oos se 
on oath ? waqif ho ? 

i speak candidly what i jo muen sumujhta hoon so 
think, without fraud or muen be fureb uor be luga ( o 
mental reservation. dil kholkur bolta hoon. 

beginners are very liable to forget the different ac- 
ceptations of words in any language but their own, and 
would therefore be apt to imagine here, that the verb 
sumujhna, to understand, cannot mean also to think, 
though in this and many other places it could not well be 
rendered otherwise, when a native apparently miscon- 
ceives any word in this way, nothing can be easier to a 
good scholar than to give the sentence another turn : 
thus, jo mere dil men gcozurta hue, &c. literally, what 
passes in my mind, we cannot at first sufficiently recol- 
lect, that as kuh-na means to say, tell, repeat, read, 
speak, observe, converse, assert, affirm, insist, asse- 
verate, declare, promise, direct, explain, command, 
order, bid, desire, think, make, with many more ; so 
does sumujh-na imply to understand, comprehend, 
imagine, know, perceive, conceive, think, suppose, &c. 
&c. &c. : whence the perfect participle of the first, viz.. 
kuha, denotes an order, command, promise, desire, 
&c. &c, and the verbal noun or contracted infinitive and 



42 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



imperative singular of the second, viz. sumujh, signifies 
opinion, conception, idea, fancy, imagination ,&c. &c. &c. 
the above observations may be most beneficially ex- 
tended, with little variation, by real students, to a 
thousand other hindoostanee verbs, as the general prin- 
ciple has only to be regulated by the particular practice 
in any given instance that may afterwards occur. 
let your very first endea- puehleheequsd suheehbolne 



vour be to speak correctly ; 
readiness and fluency are 
acquired by practice, 
in that part of the coun- 
try they speak an elegant 
dialect. 

it is said he told them the 
whole story two days ago. 

should you meet him to-day, 
do not tell him what you 
have just heard, 
i did meet him, but, accord- 
ing to your desire, did not 
inform him. 



how much i regret not 
being able to understand 
what is saying in hin- 
doostanee. 

knowing that i had a smat- 
tering of persian, they pur- 
posely began to converse in 
hindoostanee. 
they would know him to 



ka kuro, hazir juwabee uor 

turraree mushq se hotee 

hue. 

is moolk kee oos turuf we 

uch-chheebolee bolte huen. 

log kuhte huen ki oos ne con 

se do din hoo,e tumam qissu 

kuha hue. 

aj ugur oos se toomharee 

moolaqat ho to ub jo soonne 

men a,ee so oos se nu kuhna. 

hum se moolaqat hoo,ee thee 

pur toomhare kuhne ke 

mootabiq oose khubur nu 

dee. 

hindoostanee zuban men jo 

bolte huen so muen sumujh 

nuheen sukta is liye kitna 

puchhtata hoon. 

jankur ki muen farsee ka 

shood bood janta hoon we 

qusdun hindee kee bolchal 

kurne luge. 

we oose purdesee janenge 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



43 



be a foreigner, though he 
speaks the hindoostanee 
very grammatically. 
i take the liberty of inform- 
ing you, that nothing but 
perseverance and practice 
will enable you to speak 
with fluency. 

the two first words mean, 



ugurchi wooh hindee buhoot 
ba qa,idu bolta hue. 

goostakhee muaf, muen toom 
se kuhta hoon ki dhoon 
bandhe ruhne uor mushq 
ke siwa uor kisee cheez se 
hone ka nuheen ki toom tur- 
raree se bol suko. 
lit. " pardon the freedom? 
an expression much used by polite people, similar to our 
own, and often expressive of " not to interrupt you." 
tell your brother, immedi- toom upne hha,ee ke pu- 
ately upon his arrival, not hoonchte hee oos se kuhiyo 
to give them any informa- ki con ko koochh khubur 
tion. nu de. 

a reference to page 12, will readily explain why upna 
occurs instead *>f toomhara, which in the following sen- 
tence is perfectly right, " you and your brother are both 
rogues? toom uor toomhara bha,ee dono du^habaz huen 
i was told last year, by a pichhle sal 
traveller, that even there moosafir 



the hindoostanee is the com- 
mon language, 
this ought to shew you the 
advantages of attaining a 
knowledge of it. t 
he wishes to shew his learn- 
ing by speaking all these 
languages. 

i have long since told you, 
that he never will be able 
to speak it. 



muen ne ek 
se soona tha ki 
wuhan bhee hindee zuban 
ka riwaj hue. 

isee se jana chahiye ki iske 
sumujhne se itna faidu hue. 

wooh chahta hue ki ye sub 
zubanen bolkur upna ilm 
zahir kure. 

muen ne mooddut se toom 
ko kuha hue ki wooh oos 
ko kubhee bol nu sukega, 



44 hindoostanee dialogues. 

this expletive ne is the grand stumbling-block of jar- 
gonists, and the scarecrow both of raw and classical 
scholars, the former constantly confound it with the 
negative nu, and the latter know not with what to assi- 
milate this ne in any other known language, in order to 
demonstrate the profundity of their own judgments, on 
a theme, which they fondly hope mine is too shallow to 
fathom. 

there is no expressing it in english but by blanks, as 
in page 38, q. v. and it can be met with before some of 
the perfect tenses of active verbs only, when the present 
tense or participle forms the compound, as in the im- 
perfect, ne cannot be used, whence toom (never ne) 
marte the, you were beating, although we can always 
say, toom ne mara hoga, you may or will have beaten, 
this curious insignificant particle has nevertheless two 
very extraordinary effects in the hindoostanee language, 
to which every student, who aspires to $peak it like a 
human being, must, on starting, pay the utmost atten- 
tion. 1st, ne as a subjective postposition, converts the 
1st to the 2d state, or inflects every inflective nominative 
but the 1st and 2d personals ; too ne diya, muen ne liya, 
cos ne khaya, thou gavest, i took, he ate. 

2d, when ne is used, the whole tense and its auxiliary 
signs may remain entirely indeclinable, so : 



beaten. 



that is to say, as far as these nominatives are concerned, 
when the accusative happens to have the sign ko, e, or 



muen — ' 




i have — - 


too — 




thou hast t — 


oos 

hum — 


- ne mara hue. 


he hath — 
we have — 


toom — 




you have — 


oon — . 




they have — . 



hindoostanee dialogues. 45 

to be a masculine singular, thus muen, &c. ne murd, or 
murdon, or uorut-uorton-ko mara, i, &c. beat a man, 
woman, or men, women ; too, &c. ne do murd mare, 
thou, &c. beat two men ; oos, &c. ne uorut maree, he, 
Sec. beat a woman ; oon, &c. ne do uorten mareen, they, 
&c. beat two women, all this extraordinary regimen 
is owing to the object of active preterite verbs, either 
in a great measure governing the verb, or the still more 
uncommon effect of ko, and some other accusative signs, 
making the verb wholly indeclinable, as illustrated above, 
it is strange enough that lana, to bring, bolna, to speak, 
and a few others, do not admit of ne, unless where the 
accusative and verb are correlative, like muen ne bol 
bola, viz. dictum dixi ; but the whole history of this ne 
cannot be given in these sheets : the learner must there- 
fore refer to the story-teller, page 56, where he will dis- 
cover, that the most profound orientalists have been 
diving beyond even their depth in vain for this hindoo- 
stanee pearl of great worth, when properly understood, 
but in their recondite estimation of no higher price, than 
the cast-off ablative case or skin of some obscure tongue. 
i was told in that country, oos moolk men muen ne 
that the dialect is very par- soona hue ki wuhan kee 
ticular. bolee buhoot niralee hue. 

nothing will enable you to uor kisee turuh logon kee 
get an acquaintance with huqeequt se waqif nu ho 
the manners of the people, sukoge mugur jub oonkee 
but an intimate knowledge ra,ij zuban se khoob waqif 
of their common language, ho. 

from among foreigners how purdesiyon men se muen 
happy have i been to be oon ke ungrezee bolne se 
spoken to in english. kuesa khoosh hoo,a hoon. 

he prefers speaking to you, wooh puhle chahta hue ki 



46 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



in particular, because he 
was told you speak hindoo- 
stanee. 

he then told us it was not 
so. 

let me tell you, he gave me 
no other information. 

they have the advantage of 
speaking to them in their 
own language, which i tell 
you is a very considerable 
one. 

allow me to speak once 
more to him. 

whatever may be told me, 
you shall be informed of. 
do you speak to them, and 
tell us the result of the con- 
versation. 

he speaks purposely in a 
language i am not ac- 
quainted with, 
they tell you so, but i can 
assure you it is indeed 
otherwise. 

tell your servant to inform 
him i will come to-morrow, 
when we can converse upon 
the subject. 

in that negotiation, with- 
out the knowledge i had of 
the hindoostanee, i feared 



toom hee se bole kyoonki 

oosne soona hue ki toom hin- 

dee bolte ho. 

tub oos ne hum se kuha ki 

wooh uesa nu tha. 

muen toom se kuhta hoon 

ki oos ne moojhe uor koochh 

khubur nu dee. 

oon ko oonheekee zuban men 

oon se bolne ka qaboo hue 

so muen kuhta hoon ki yih 

thora buhoot hue. 

moojhe uor ek bar oos se 
bolne do. 

jo koochh moojh se kuha 
jawe so toom soonoge. 
toom oon sebolo uor batcheet 
ka hasil hum se kuho. 

jis zuban se muen waqif 
nuheen oosee men wooh qus- 
dun bolta hue. 
we toom se kuhte huen uesa 
pur muen such kuhta hoon 
ki wooh uor hee hue. 
toom upne nuokur se kuho 
ki oos se kuhe ki muen kul 
a,oon jo oos wuqt batcheet 
oos babut kee kur suken. 
oos karobar men bughuer is 
shu,oor ke jo hindee men 
moojhe hue, moojhe dur tha 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



47 



matters would not have suc- 
ceeded. 

he tells you to speak to him 
in his own language. 

how much you have had 
cause to regret not being 
able to speak in the familiar 
language of the country, 
speaking to them in their 
own language, does away 
all shyness; and laying ce- 
remony aside, they speak 
more explicitly, 
% was often told i never 
could travel through india 
without a better knowledge 
of the popular language. 

a knowledge of persian 
does very well for the lite- 
rature of the moosulmans, 
such as it is ; but to it, for 
this purpose, must be added 
a certain proficiency in 
arabic. 

the hindoostanee not only 
paves the way for the ac- 
quisition of all oriental 
learning, but is of the first 
importance in the necessary 
affairs of ordinary life, in- 
dependent of literature. 



ki kam hasil nu hota. 

wooh toom se kuhta hue ki 

meree zuban men moojhse 

bolo. 

oos moolk kee ra,ij zuban 

men bol nu sukne ke subub 

toomh kitna puchhtaye ho. 

oon kee zuban bolne se 
wuhshut tumam jatee run- 
tee hue uor we be tukulloof 
bolte huen upne jee ka 
mutlub. 

muen ne uksur soona hue 
ki oos am zuban se khoob 
waqif nu hone se muen 
kubhee hindoostan kee suer 
nu kur sukta. 

moosuJmanon ka ilm jo hue 
so hue, ooske liye farsee ka 
janna uchcha hue, pur il- 
miyut ke waste ooske sath 
koochh urubee kee muharut 
bhee kiya chahiye. 

hindee zuban nu sirf poorub 
ke tumam ilm kee tuliseel 
ka rustu arastu kurtee hue 
bulki ooske siwa rozmurru 
ke karobar men bhee buhoot 
kam atee hue. 



48 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



they were just speaking to 
me on the subject. 
he had informed them of all 
that was told him, before i 
could prevent it. 

what dialect is that man 
speaking ? tell him to 
speak the general language 
of the country, and then he 
will be understood, 
the principal difficulty in 
speaking hindoostanee is in 
the peculiarity of its pro- 
nunciation ; some people 
will tell you that it ought 
to be spoken with a parti- 
cular tone, but there is no 
such thing. 

they say he speaks these 
languages fluently . 
tell me when my pronunci- 
ation is improper, 
he says he can deceive the 
natives in speaking the hin- 
doostanee, but experience 
has taught us that this is 
seldom possible. 

i found no one who could 
converse in persian, there- 
fore was obliged to employ 
my moonshee, who i fear 



we ubhee moojh se cos babut 

bolte the. 

cos ko jo koochh kuha guya 

tha so sub oosne mere munu 

kurne ke age con se kuha 

tha. 

wcoh shukhs kuon see bha- 

kha bolta hue ? kuho cos 

se ki mcolk kee am zuban 

bole tuo sumjhee ja,egee. 

usl mcoshkil hindee boJne 
men coske mukhruj keekhoo- 
soosiyut hue, bu,uze log 
tcom se kuhenge ki khass 
luhje se bolna lazim hue 
pur yih mcotluq nuheen. 



kuhte huen ki ye zubanen 
wcoh sulasut se bolta hue. 
jub mera mukhruj nadco- 
rcost ho tub mcojhe kuhiyo. 
wcoh kuhta hue ki muen 
hindee bolne men hindoo- 
staniyon ko bhcolawa de 
sukta hoon, pur humen az- 
maish se mu,uloom hue ki 
yih kum ho sukta. 
muen ne kisee ko uesa nu 
paya ki farsee men batcheet 
kursuke, is waste nachar ho- 
kur upne moonshee se kam 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



49 



often takes advantage of chulaya, muen durta hoon 

my ignorance of the hin- ki wooh hindee men meree 

doostanee. na waqifee se uksur qaboo 

ganthta hue. 

in speaking hindoostanee, hindee bolne men humara 

our general fault is, in qoosoor uksur yihee hue 

not pronouncing each in- ki joode joode hurfon ko 



dividual letter fully. 



poora tuluffooznuheenkurte 

huen. 

muen ne barha oon se kuha 

hue ki hindoostan kee duk- 

hun turuf sub durbaron 

men hindee ra,ij hue. 



kuho to moojh se toom ne 
oon ko kya bolte soona hue. 



i have often told them that 
in all the courts in the 
south of india, hindoo- 
stanee is the familiar lan- 
guage. 

do tell me what you heard 
them saying. 
(hoo,e kee halut men) 

this ablative absolute, if we may still apply rather an 
inapplicable term here, is a most useful part of the hin- 
doostanee, and should be acquired ab initio, what ! did 
he see them eat ? oos ne oonko kya khate dekha ? sole 
oriente fugiunt tenebrce, sooruj nikulte tareekee jatee. 
this inflected present participle, or some form very like 
it, proves highly serviceable in phrases such as, farsee 
zooban jo poochho, oosko seekhte to muen ne seekhee 
pur hindee bina is seekhne se kya hasil, with respect to 
the persian tongue, as to learning it, i have learnt it, 
but without the hindoostanee, what will be the result ? 
i shall always be at the humara moonshee humeshu 
mercy of my own secretary, hum pur qaboo chula su- 
against whom when some kega jis wuqt oos pur ko,ee 
one with reason complains oosee zuban men wajibee 
in that very tongue. nalish kurta hue. 



50 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



he tells me one story, and 
you tell me another, would 
to god i could speak to them 
myself. 

had i been able to tell them 
myself, such a mistake 
could not have happened. 
i have always found it 
more easy to manage a 
native by speaking to him 
in his own language than 
any other. 



wooh moojh se ek bat kuhta 
hue uor toom koochh uor 
hee kuhte ho, kash ki muen 
ap oon se bol sukta. 
ugur muen ap oon se kuh 
sukta to uesee chook nu 
hotee. 

muen ne humeshu dekha 
hue ki kisee hindoostanee 
se oonkee zuban bolkur kam 
lena uor zuban kee nisbut 
ziyadu suhuj. 



those who are ignorant of grammar would doubtless 
say dekha hoon, to agree with muen, but the smallest 
attention to the notice given in page 44, will explain 
this sufficiently to learners, who can comprehend that 
the whole sentence which follows, is a singular masculine 
accusative, or object, governing dekha hue in that number, 
muen ne do uorten dekheen huen, i saw two women, 
clearly proves how little the nominative, or subject, and 
how much the object, or accusative, directs the gender 
and number of active verbs in any complete preterite 
tense, i have noted this circumstance more particularly, 
as it is one of the two in which the hindoostanee and 
latin enclytic ne, differ widely from each other, for the 
latter neither inflects nouns, nor is its use restricted to 
any species or tense of verbs ; though perhaps more ap- 
plicable to interrogative sentences than any other, but 
which does not apply to the hindoostanee ne, in the 
smallest degree. 



we have already said a 
great deal about speaking; 
let us now talk of eating, 



hum bolchal pur buhoot see 
kuh chooke, ub hum khane 
uor uor mooddua kee goofto- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



51 



and other topics of conver- goo kuren jo etne hee kam 

sation equally useful. kee hue. 

a man who cannot speak jo shukhs oon logon kee 

the language of the people zuban nu bol sukta ho ki 

among whom he sojourns ; jin ke sath bood o bash 

may sometimes be in danger kure, ugur wooh puhle hee 



of starving, unless he know 
first how to use his tongue. 



nu jane ki Ids turuh upnee 
zuban ko chulawe to bu^izi 
wuqt bhookh ke mare mure 
to mure. 

buhoot such hue uor muen 
ne jana ki isee waste toom 
ne mere moonh kholne se 
shooroo.u kurwaya. 



very true, and i presume 
you have therefore com- 
menced with making me 
open my mouth, 
why not to some purpose, kyoon nu moonh khologe 
as a rational being, when kam kee bat pur, insan ho, 
you must at all events, as akhir to khane peene ke 
a mere animal, do so, before liye huewan hokur khwah 
you can either eat or drink, mukhwah kholna purega. 

eating. khana. 

i want something to eat. moojhe koochh khane ko 

chahiye. 
this inverse mode of speaking in hindoostanee can 
never be troublesome to general scholars, as it is com- 
mon to several languages — nay, we have nearly the same 
idiom in our own, it feels warm to me, moojhe wooh 
gurm lugta hue. i feel it warm, muen oose gurm pata 
hoon. even the sentence above may easily be rendered, 
muen koochh khane ko chahta hoon. had the english 
been, " i want to eat something," the hindoostanee would 
run so, muen koochh khaya chahta hoon. 
eat your belly full. toom pet bhurke kha,o. 

e2 



52 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



give me also something to 
drink. 

what will you drink f 
i am very thirsty , and can 
drink any thing you may 
have at hand to give for me 
to drink. 

will you drink milk, water, 
sherbet, wine, toddy, cocoa- 
nut juice, or what? 



moojhe bhee koochh peene 
ko do. 

toom kya piyoge. 
muen buhoot piyasa hoon 
uor jo cheez mere peene ke 
liye toomhare pas muojood 
ho muen pee sukta hoon. 
toom doodh piyoge, ya pa- 
nee, shurbut, shurab, taree, 
nariyul ka panee, ya uor 
koochh ? 
this toddy is one of the hock nock kind of words, that 
were introduced by our maritime adventurers, in their 
early and desultory intercourse with the natives of india, 
which still continue to discriminate the writing and speech 
of our old indian sparrows, and shallow parrots even of 
the present day, who seldom know so much of the 
jargon they do speak, as a poor bungalee scribe, who is 
barely able to murder a dozen or two of english sen- 
tences, tadee is in fact the real word, and it would be 
fortunate enough, if we had always been as near the 
sound as we are in this instance, though i suspect that 
no hindoostanee, who has not been fairly beaten into a 
comprehension of toddy, could suppose, that by it tadee 
(or as they also pronounce it, taree) was the beverage 
required. 

ghuree ek hoo,ee muen ne 
koochh ga,e ka gosht khaya 
hue. 

toom ne ko.ee rotee oos ke 
sath kha,ee hue ? 
nuheen, pur oos ke sath bu- 
hoot aloo.on ke khane se 



i ate some beef about an 
hour ago. 

did you eat any bread with 

it? 

no, but i took care to eat 

plenty of potatoes with it. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 53 

muen ne ghuflut nuheen 

kee. 
he will not eat the fruit. wooh yih mewu nu kha.ega. 
had you eaten the cucum- ugur toom kheera mirch ke 
her as i desired you with sath khate, juesa ki muen 
pepper, you would have di- ne kuha tha, to uch-chhee 
' well. turuh huzm hota. 



i would recommend the whole of this and similar sen- 
tences to the particular notice of beginners, who are so 
apt to be staggered with the complicated appearance of 
any thing like compound, conditional, or subjunctive 
tenses in our language, in exercises like the present, 
the apparent intricacy will vanish, by almost invariably 
preferring the present tense of the hindoostanee verb in 
the first member of the sentence, and closing the last 
with it also, were i very rich, my relations should never 
be poor, jo mere pas buree duolut hotee, mere bha,ee 
bund kubhoo mooflis nu ruhte. had i been prudent then, 
i would (should, might, could) have been well now, oos 
wuqt ugur muen hoshyar hota tuo ub bhula chunga hota. 
do the people of this coun- is moolk ke log unde khate 
try eat eggs ? huen ? 

in our language, though interrogative sentences are 
discriminated from affirmative, rather by transposition 
than emphasis or tone, in the hindoostanee the last alone, 
with or without the particle kyoon, is of much use, aided 
often by a significant look or gesture of interrogation, 
more easily conceived than described ; to which learners 
ought nevertheless duly to attend, if they wish to be 
always readily understood. 

he may soon eat and drink wooh thore urse men jo 
what he pleases. chahe khawe uor peewe. 

they eat too many vege- we turkariyan buhoot see 



54 

tables, and too little animal 
food. 

the 'people of that island 
drink a great deal of wine, 
we drink tea twice a-day, 
and sup soup but once. 

children suck their mother's 
milk, and can also sip honey 
out of a spoon, when only 
a few days old. 

boys lick their plates clean, 
when very hungry. 

this is so very bitter, that i 
cannot even taste it again. 

that tastes sourish to me; 
how does it taste in your 
opinion ? 

water has no taste ; it is, or 
ought to be, entirely taste- 



do you smoke a pipe ? 
yes, i smoke every sort, 
from the one called hooqqu, 
to a common hubble-bubble: 



hindoostanee dialogues. 

khate huen uor gosht niha- 

yut kum. 

cos juzeere ke log shurab 

buhoot peete huen. 

hum din men do bar cha 

peete huen, uor shorba sirf 

ek bar peete huen. 

lurke upnee ma ka doodh 

peete huen uor jub ku,ee 

din ke hote huen to chum- 

che se shuhud bhee choos 

sukte huen. 

lurke jub buhoot bhookhe 

hote huen, tub upnee rika- 

biyan saf chat jate huen. 

yih uesa kurwa hue ki 
muen phir chukh bhee nu- 
heen sukta hoon. 
wooh moojhe khutta sa lugta 
hue, toomhare nuzdeek oos- 
ka muzu kuesa hue ? 
panee men koochh muzu 
nuheen, muhz pheeka hue, 
ya lazim hue ki uesa ho. 
toom hooqqu peete ho ? 
han muen hur turih ka 
peeta hoon, hooqqe se le 
goorgooree tuk. 



there are many anglo-indian vocables whose origin is 
not always so easily traced as this is, from an imitation 
of the sound made by this very humble instrument for 
smoking, as well as by those of higher rank and re- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



55 



nown, formerly called hooker, now hookah, but more 

properly as i have expressed it in the text. 

is smoking a good thing in is moolk men kya hooqqu 



this country f 

yes, a very good thing for 
great gentlemen, who have 
not much to do, and get 
little men like me to do 
every thing for them. 

well, do the hindoostanees 
smoke much ? 
they all smoke, sleep, sit 
still, and enjoy life as 
much as they can. 



how does smoking affect 
you people of the country? 

it makes our heads go 
round a little, drives care 
away, and helps to con- 
found the little sense which 
the best of our common peo- 
ple possess. 



you 
whiff or 



smoke 
two 



then tuliy do 
more than a 
at a time? 

for the same reason, per- 
haps, that you drink more 
glasses of wine with your 



peena uch-chha hue ? 
han,buhoot uch-chhee cheez 
hue bure admiyon ke waste, 
jo mihnut kum kurte huen 
uor upne hur ek kam kurne 
ke liye moojh se chhote ad- 
mee ko rukhte huen. 
hindoostanee kya buhoot 
hooqqu peete huen ? 
we sub hooqqu peete huen, 
sote huen, choopchap bue- 
the ruhte huen, uor uesh 
juhan tuk kur suken, kurte 
huen. 

toom jo is moolk ke log ho 
toomhen hooqqu peene se 
kyausur mu^iloom hotahue? 
humare sir ko koochh phira 
deta hue, fikr ko door 
kurta hue, uor humare 
am logon men, jo uchchhe 
huen, oon men jo koochh 
uql hue oos men khulul kur 
deta hue. 

tuo toom kyoon yukbargee 
do ek ghoont se ziyadu 
peete ho ? 

shayud oosee subub se ki 
jis se toom upne doston ke 
sath upne fa,ide se ziyadu 



56 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



friends than can do any 

of you good. 

what do you smoke? 

most people smoke tobacco. 

do not you drink intoxica- 
ting liquors also ? 
sometimes, especially those 
men who have been cor- 
rupted by foreign manners, 
or the possession of great 
wealth. 

what do they drink? wine, 
spirits, lemon-juice or what? 

he does not smoke tobacco, 
but he snuff's, and even 
chews it. 

the goat is one of those ani- 
mals which chew the cud. 
a child cannot swallow so 
large a piece of bread. 

dogs lap water, horses and 
many other animals drink 
as men perhaps would do, 
were they forced to use 
their mouth in that way. 

who feeds the calf? 



piyale shurab peete ho. 

toom hooqqe men kya peete 
ho? 

uksur log tumbakoo peete 
huen. 

uor toom koochh nisha to 
nuheen peete ho ? 
kubhee kubhee, khoosoos 
we log jo purdesiyon kee 
soohbut men ya buhoot duo- 
lut mundee ke subub bigur 
gu,e huen. 

we kya peete huen shurab 
uruq, lemoon ka uruq, ya 
uor koochh ? 

wooh tumbakoo nuheen 
peeta hue, lekin nas leta 
hue uor tumbakoo bhee 
khata hue ? 

bukree oon huewanon men 
hue jo joogalee kurte huen. 
rotee ka uesa bura tookra 
ko,ee luika nigul nuheen 
sukta hue. 

kootte chupur chupur panee 
peete huen, ghore uor bu- 
hoot uor huewan peete huen, 
shayud jis turuh ki admee 
piya kurte ugur oosee turuh 
moonh lachar hokur lugate. 
buchhere ko kuon kbilata 
hue ? 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



57 



it grazes on the plain with- 
out any assistance. 

these people are so nice, i 
know not what one should 
give them to eat. 

pray what sort of food did 
you procure for your people 
in that part of the country f 
you may eat such meat, if 
you please, but i most as- 
suredly shall not. 
they tell me he was nearly 
poisoned by the wretched 
provision he was obliged to 
live upon for so long a 
time. 

i never saw a man eat so 
much and speak so little as 
he does : he comes from the 
country of good living. 



excepting vegetables, i 
found nothing eatable in 
that district. 

these people will never have 
done eating; this is now the 
fourth time since morning, 
they eat nothing but rice, 
and drink nothing but wa- 
ter; how ever with these they 



wooh bughuer kisee kee mu- 
dud ke ap muedan men 
churta hue. 

ye log uese khoosh khor 
huen, ki muen janta nuheen 
hoon ki con ko khane ko 
kya deeje. 

kuho, oos turuf, toom ne 
upne logon ke liye kis turih 
kee khorak pa,ee thee, 
toom uesa khana kha ( o to 
kha,o, pur yuqeen jano 
muen nu kha,oonga. 
log moojh se kuhte huen ki 
wooh itnee mooddut tuluk 
uesee booree khorak khate 
khate qureeb murne ke 
hoo,a tha. 

muen ne kubhee ko,ee oos 
ke burabur admee nu dekha 
ki itna buhoot khawe uor 
itna kum bole, wooh khoob 
chuhul puhul ke mcolk se 
aya hue. 

oos zilue men turkariyon ke 
siwa uor ko,ee cheez khane 
ke la,iq muen ne nu pa ( ee. 
ye log kubhee khane se fu- 
raghut nu kurenge fujur se 
ub yih chuo thee bar hue. 
we chanwul ke siwa uor 
koochh nuheen khate, uor 
panee ke siwa uor koochh 



58 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



are very contented ; or con- 
tinue very well pleased. 

i begin to think drinking 
only water to be a whole- 
some regimen ; you see how 
stout he is. 

i must own, i prefer a little 
wine. 

do you always eat so much? 

why you will occasion a 

dearth. 

i am certain your health 

would be better, were you 

more abstemious. 

i rather think smoking so 
much must increase that 
indolence, which the climate 
alone occasions, 
do you suppose he ever 
would have succeeded so 
well, had he indulged him- 
self in eating and drink- 
ing? 

you know little of the hard- 
ships we underwent, when 
happy would we have been 
to get any thing to eat. 
the inhabitants in general 
of that country eat no ani- 
mal food, though some 
tribes of them do. 



nuheen peete tuo bhee we 

inheen se buhoot khoosh 

ruhte huen. 

ub muen sumujhne luga ki 

sirf panee ka peena khoob 

ghiza hue, dekho to wooh 

kuesa choost hue. 

muen saf kuhta hoon ki 

thoree see shurab meree pu- 

sund hue. 

humeshu toom itne khate 

ho, kya toom quht daloge. 

moojhe yuqeen hue, ki ugur 
toom ziyadu purhez kurte, 
to toomhara mizaj is se 
uchchha hota. 
muen sumujhta hoon ki 
itna hooqqu peene se wuesee 
ghuflut burhegee jo sirf ab 
o huwa se hotee hue. 
toom sumujhte ho, ki ugur 
wooh khane peene hee ke 
muze men luga ruhta, to 
kubhee wooh uesa kamyab 
hota ? 

toom kya jante ho ki hum 
kis sukhtee men pure the, 
ki ugur kcochh bhee khane 
ko pate to khoosh hote. 
oos moolk ke uksur ruhne 
wale gosht nuheen khate, 
ugurchi oon men se bu,uzee 
quom khatee hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



59 



the word bu,uzee is of a very doubtful sound, being 
baze, buuzi, or bu f uze indiscriminately. 
he sent us from his own oos ne upne bagh se hum 



garden the ?nost delicious 
fruits, of which, as you 
may suppose, we eat plen- 
tifully. 

they have been drinking 
wine for these three hours, 
ivhat with smoking and 
drinking, i am not sur- 
prised that he should get 
stupid. 

he eat great quantities of 
raw fruits, which the na- 
tives are likewise fond of to 
excess. 

you say this water is not 
clean, however, you can 
seldom get it more so. 
tell him to dress dinner for 
four people, who are all 
hungry. 

what do you prefer to 
drink ? 

let my servant prepare your 
pipe, he is a good hand. 

the first time i see him, i 
will advise him to leave off 
drinking so much, 
what tobacco do you smoke? 
so many people tell me that 



ko buhoot muzedar me we 

bheje huen, am men se toom 

janiyo ki hum ne buhoot se 

kha,e huen. 

we teen ghuree se shurab 

peete ruhe huen. 

muen tu,ujjoob nuheen kur- 

ta hoon ki wooh kya hooqqe 

kya shurab peene se bewu- 

qoof ho guya. 

oos ne buhoot se kuchche 

phul kha,e huen, so yuhan 

ke ruhnewale bhee con kee 

chah uz hudd rukhte huen. 

toom kuhte ho yih panee saf 

nuheen, pur is se uch-chha 

kum pa,oge. 

oos se kuho ki char admiyon 

ke waste khana pukawe, ki 

we sub bhookhe huen. 

peene ko toom kya pusund 

kurte ho ? 

mere nuokur ko toom upna 

hooqqu tueyar kurne do, 

wooh khoob chalak hue. 

puehlee dufu,u jo oose dek- 

hoon to sulah doon ki itna 

peena chhor de. 

kuon sa tumbakoo peete ho? 

itne admee moojh se kuhte 



60 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



smoking so much is perni- 
cious, that i must believe it; 
though i am so fond of it, i 
cannot think of leaving it 
off- 

you will certainly hurt your- 
self by smoking so much, 
they say to you they drink 
nothing that intoxicates, 
but i know from experience 
that they always do. 

give the dog something to 
drink. 

we were happy to get even 
muddy water to satisfy our 
thirst, which, owing to the 
heat, was very great, 
many other herbs the peo- 
ple sometimes are obliged 
to smoke. 

i never met with any really 
good tobacco in that part 
of the country, 
let me try your pipe. 

i have left off smoking en- 
tirely ; i found it always 
gave me a violent head-ach, 
and sometimes affected my 
breast. 



huen, itna hooqqe ka peena 
zuboon hue, ki moojhe man- 
na zuroor hoo,a ; ugurchi 
moojhe ooska uesa shuoq hue 
ki muen oose chhor nuheen 
sukta. 

itna hooqqu peene se such 
toom upna boorahee kuroge. 
we toom se kuhte huen ki 
hum nusha nuheen peete, 
lekin azma,ish se moojhe 
mu^loom hue, ki we hume- 
shu peete huen. 
kootte ko koochh peene ko 
do. 

gurmee ke subub jo piyas 
buhoot thee, oose boojhane 
ko gudle panee ke pane se 
bhee hum khoosh the. 
logon ko kubhee kubhee 
buhoot uor puttiyan hooqqe 
men peenee purtee huen. 
such hue ki oos turuf moojh 
ko uch-chha tumbakoo kub- 
hee nu mila. 

toomhara hooqqu to muen 
pee dekhoon. 

muen ne hooqqu peena bil- 
kooll chhor diya, dekha ki 
oos se humeshu moojh ko 
sukht durdi sur uor bu.uzi 
wuqt seene men durd hota 
tha. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



61 



we could get nothing but a 
little of the bad spirits of 
the country to drink, 
they drink much more than 
we do in that country, 
these people will never have 
done drinking; they have 
made themselves quite stu- 
pid with drinking and smo- 
king. 

breakfasting, 
bring the newspapers, and 
afresh charge for the pipe, 
give that gentleman another 
dish of tea. 

take every thing away, 
wipe and rub the tables well, 
but do not scratch them. 

get the breakfast equipage 

ready again. 

does the water boil f 

toast some bread, and butter 

it properly. 

where is the tea ? 
make it strong enough, and 
by putting in plenty of 
milk and sugar, you will 
always make it good, pro- 
vided the water be boiling 
hot. 
give me a dish of coffee, 



humen peene ko koochh nu- 
heen milta, mugur thora sa 
oos moolk ka khurab nusha. 
we oos moolk men hum se uz 
hudd ziyadu peete huen. 
in logon ka peena kubhee 
nu chhootega, oonhon ne 
nushe uor hooqqe ke peene 
se, upne tu,een nihayut be- 
hosh bunaya hue. 

hazree khana. 
ukhbar ke kaghuz la,o, uor 
hooqqe kee ek chilum tazee. 
ek uor piyalu chae ka oos 
sahib ko do. 
sub cheezen le ja,o. 
uch-chhee turuh mezon ko 
ponchho uor mulo, pur oon- 
hen mut chheelo. 
hazree ka saman phir tueyar 
kuro. 

panee khuolta hue? 
koochh rotee senko uor oos 
pur uch-chhee turuh muk- 
khun lugao. 
cha kuhan hue ? 
juesee chahiye oose kurwee 
kuro, uor buhoot sa doodh 
uor misree toom oos men 
dalkur humeshu uchchhee 
buna,iyo ; is shurtse ki pa- 
nee khoob khuolta ho. 
ek piyalu quhwu moojhe 



62 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



and a little more sugar. 

boil some eggs, but do not 
let them get hard, 
give me a clean cup and 
saucer. 

what ! no salt, preserves, 
radishes, cresses, nor fruit, 
upon the table in the morn- 
ing? 

set the egg-cups and salt- 
celler on that side, and the 
tea-pot and coffee-pot here. 

where are the rolls, biscuit, 
sweetmeats, cake, fyc. ? 

why don't you hand bread, 
milk, and butter to the 
gentleman? do not you 
perceive he wants them ? 
also a knife, fork, and 



bring the cold meat, fowl, 
ham, tongue, salt fish, man- 
goe fish, rice, and split 
pease, in the twinkling of 
an eye. 

what a blockhead you are, 
to require repeated orders 
for such things ! 
let me see them every morn- 
ing, without fail, on my 



do, nor thoree see shukkur 

ziyadu do. 

koochh unde oobalo pur oon- 

hen sukht hone nu do. 

ek saf piyalu uor thalee 

moojhe do. 

kya ! toom ne suwere mez 

pur nu koochh numuk, moo- 

rubbu, moolee, halim rukha 

uor nu koochh mewu ? 

undon ke piyale uor numuk- 

dan oos turuf rukho, uor 

cha,edan uor quhwudan yu- 

han. 

rotee, kooleechu, mitha^e, 

pooree wughueru kuhan 

hue ? 

rotee, doodh, uor muk- 

khun oos sahib ko kyoon 

nuheen dete ho, toom nu- 

heen dekhte ki we ye chahte 

huen, uor chhooree, kanta, 

uor chumchu bhee. 

thundha gosht, moorgh, ran, 

jeebh, numkeen muchhlee, 

tupsee muchhlee, khooshku 

uor dal, pul marte la ( o. 

toom kya uhmuq ho ! ki 
uesee cheezon ke waste toom 
ko bar bar hookm chahiye ! 
hur roz soobh ko meree mez 
pur ye cheezen be oozr 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



63 



table, or i shall turn you 
off", as a good for nothing 
fellow* 

i see you always forget to 
put enough of cream in the 
pot. 

i cannot drink tea without 
cream, you know. 

the honey, too, where have 

you disposed of that also ? 

the bread is too bad, and 

full of sand. 

discharge the baker, if he 

ever dare to send such 

bread here. 

the butler-man also, i fear, 

is a great rogue ; he gives 

bad butter, and short weight 

besides. 

hark you, sirrah I i suspect 
there is some collusion be- 
tween them and you. 
take care ! or the house of 
correction will be your lot, 

this word, which literally means the deer fold, has 
become current in bengal as the house of correction, 
which indicates something more than merely qued khanu, 
a prison, and is dreaded accordingly. 
drive the flies away, and muk-khiyanhanko,uorpun- 
keep the ventilator going. kha hilate ruho. 



moojhe dikhana, nuheen to 
muen toomhen nakaru su- 
mujhke chhoora doonga. 
muen dekhta hoon ki basun 
men jetee chahiye mula,ee 
rukhne ko toom humeshu 
bhoolte ho. 

toom jante ho ! ki muen 
mula,ee bughuer cha pee 
nuheen sukta. 

shuhud bhee, oosee ko toom 
ne kuhan thikana lugaya ? 
rotee nihayut booree uor 
baloo bhuree hoo,ee hue. 
nanba,ee ko juwab deejo, 
ugur kubhee wooh uesee rotee 
bhejne kee joor-ut kure. 
uor muk-khunwale se bhee 
undeshu hue, ki wooh sukht 
dughabaz hue, muska khu- 
rab deta hue, uor siwa.e 
iske wuzn kum. 
ube soon ! muen sumujhta 
hoon ki tere uor in ke dur- 
miyan koochh sazish hue. 
khuburdar ! nuheen to teree 
qismutmenhurun-bareehue. 



64 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



give the gentleman a chair 
and footstool. 

take care that the hot water 
do not fall on any body, 
he asked me to bring you to 
breakfast with him early to- 
morrow ; will you go f 

ride with us to-morrow, and 
you will have more appetite 
when you return. 

how can you expect to be 
able to eat immediately after 
getting up ? 

we cannot wait breakfast 
for those people any longer. 

are you sure they said they 
would come ? 

do you know what they ge- 
nerally eat for breakfast ? 
i like a more substantial 
breakfast than this. 

have you nothing besides 9 

why do you not employ the 
man from whom you for- 
merly took bread whichused 
to be very good ? 
do you know at what hour 
they breakfast in that house? 



oos sahib ko ek chuokee uor 
mondha do. 

khuburdar, kisee pur gurm 
panee nu pure. 
oos ne moojh se kuha tha ki 
kul suwere toom cose hazree 
ko upne sath le ayiyo, toom 
ja.oge ? 

kul toom humare sath su- 
war hoojiyo, uor jub toom 
phiroge, toomhen ziyadu 
bhookh lugegee. 
toom kyoonkur yih oommed 
rukhte ho ki oothte hee kha 
sukoge ? 

con logon ke waste hum haz- 
ree kee uor der nuheen kur 
sukte. 

toomhen yuqeen hue oon ne 
kuha hue ki hum awenge ? 
toom jante ho ki we hazree 
men uksur kya khate huen ? 
hazree men is se ziyadu moo- 
quwwee cheezen moojhebha- 
tee huen. 

is ke siwa uor koochh toom- 
hare pas nuheen ? 
age toom jis se rotee lete the, 
oosee ko mooqurrur kyoon 
nuheen kurte ho, ki wooh 
buhootuch-chhee hotee thee? 
toom jante ho we kis wuqt 
oos ghur men hazree khate 



hindoostanee dialogues. 65 

ask one of the servants. huen ? nuokuron men ek se 

poochho. 

oos se kuho ki hazree tueyar 
hue. 

age itnee der nu ho, kyoonki 
humen hurroz suwere shuhr 
ko jana hue. 



tell him breakfast is ready. 

let there not be so much de- 
lay in future, as we must go 
to town early every morning. 



the water with which this jis panee se yih cha buna,ee 
tea is made, has not been gu,ee hue, wooh khuolta nu 



tha, is men muzu mootluq 
nuheen. 

toom hazree men uksur kya 
khate ho ? 

suwere, muen uksur koochh 
khata nuheen. 
surunjam mere pas la,o, 
muen ap oose tueyar ku- 
roonga. 

in cheezon men ek bhee 
kubhee muen hazree men 
nuheen khata, thoree see 
rookhee rotee moojhe in se 
ziyadu bhatee hue. 
these eggs are not fresh ; ye unde taze nuheen, kis se 
from whom did you take toom ne liye huen, ghuruele 
them ? never bring any to ke siwa,e uor koochh kubhee 
the table but those that are mez pur mut la ( o. 
laid at home. 

unless he get up earlier, and jo wooh suwere nu oothe uor 
ride, how can he expect to suwar nu ho, to hazree 
have an appetite for break- khane ko bhookh kyoonkur 
fast f hogee ? 



boiling, it has no taste at all. 

what do you generally 

breakfast upon? 

i do not often eat any thing 

in the morning. 

bring me the materials, and 

i will prepare it myself. 

i never eat any of these 
things to breakfast ; a little 
plain bread i prefer to them. 



66 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



i breakfast in town to-day ; 
will you go with me ? 

i cannot any longer suffer 
that fellow *s negligence, in 
not having every thing 
ready by times ? 

this coffee is burnt, and not 
even half ground. 



muen aj shuhr men hazree 

kha.oonga, tooni mere sath 

ja.oge ? 

wooh jo wuqt pur sub cheez 

ke tueyar kurne men ghu- 

flut kurta hue, iskee muen 

uor burdasht nuheen kur 

sukta. 

yih quhwu Jul guya hue, 

uor udh pisa bhee nuheen. 



jargonists commonly corrupt quhwu to kuwa, kuo ( a 
a crow, one of the very worst substitutes for this article, 
which can be literally traced as coffee, thus: kuwu, 
kuvu, kufu, kufee, coffee!!! 
how do you manage, when jub suer kurte ho, tub hu- 



travelling, to have break- 
fast always ready ? 

this milk is very much 

smoked. 

he seldom takes any thing 

but tea in the morning. 

do you make this yourself? 
it is rather weak ; make it 
stronger. 

always put the kettle on the 
fire for a few minutes, be- 
fore you bring it, 
we are going out to break- 
fast, but let him have it 
whenever he calls for it. 



meshu hazree ke tueyar 
kurwane men kuon see tud- 
beer kurte ho ? 
yih doodh buhoot dhoon- 
wasa hue. 

wooh kisee cheez ko kum 
khata hue, mugur fujur ke 
wuqt cha,e peeta hue. 
yih toom ap bunate ho ? 
koochh pheeka hue, oose 
thora sa kurwa bunana. 
humeshu degchee ke lane se 
age, ku,ee lumhu oose ag pur 
rukha keejo. 

hum hazree khane ko bahur 
jate huen, lekin jub wooh 
mange, oose deejo. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



67 



dining* 
where is the soup and soup 
spoon ? 

put it near me. 
let me have your master's 
soup plate. 

never make such strong soup 
again. 

it is too thick, too thin, too 
salt, too weak, too hot, too 
cold. 

leave the boullie in the tu- 
reen, 
are these marrow bones ? 

have you no marrow spoon ? 

the marrow is all boiled 
away. 

preserve the marrow in fu- 
ture, by tying or closing 
the ends of the bones, before 
you make the soup, 
have you no toasted bread 
for the marrow 9 
a hot water plate, 
a clean plate, knife, fork, 
spoon, salt, mustard, vine- 
gar, pepper, horse-raddish, 
oil, salad. 

place the cruet here, 
give me ketchup, anchovies, 



khana khana. 
shoorwa kuhanhue,uor shoor- 
wa bantne ka chumchu ? 
wooh mere pas rukho. 
upne sahib ke shoorwe ka 
basun moojhe do. 
phir kubhee shoorwa uesa 
chikna mut kurna. 
yih nihayut garha hue, ni- 
hayut putla, buhoot lona,bu- 
hoot pheeka, buhoot gurm, 
buhoot thundha. 
shoorwe ka gosht shoorwedan 
men ruhne do. 
ye kya goode kee huddiyan 
huen ? 

tcomhare pas ko.ee goodani- 
kalne ka chumchu nuheen? 
mughz bilkooll ghool guy a 
hue. 

age shoorwapukane se puhle 
huddiyon ke sire bandhkur, 
ya bund kurke mughz ko 
girne nu deejo. 
koochh senkee hoo,ee rotee 
goode ke waste nuheen hue? 
gurm panee ka basun. 
ek saf rikabee, chhooree, 
kanta, chumchu, numuk, 
ra,ee, sirku, miruch, sunj- 
huna, tel, chutnee. 
gunj yuhan rukho. 
chutnee, muchhlee kauchar, 



68 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



and every thing of this 
sort. 

some bread, potatoes, greens, 
asparagus, cabbage, cauli- 
flowers, turnips, carrots, 
cucumbers. 

what do you call that vege- 
table? 

let me have some of every 
sort on the table, and tell 
me the name of each. 

i want beef, mutton, pork, 
Md, veal, venison, fish, fowl, 
wildfowl, goose, hare, part- 
ridge, duck, turkey, ham. 
(in hindoostanee, beef, he. 
can be expressed only as 
done here, by cow^s Jlesh, 
and so on.) 

bring some of that yellow 
stew, and rice, 
is that an eel or a snake ? 
do you know the names of 
all these fish ? 
then get one dressed for me 
every day, and tell me the 
name of each, as i eat it, 
till you see i can call for 
every thing of this sort by 
its proper name. 

do so with every thing else, 



uor sub cheezen isee turuh 
kee moojh ko do. 
koochh rotee, aloo, sag, nag- 
duon, kurmkulla, phool 
kobee, shulghum, gajur, 
kheere. 

oos turkaree ko toom kya 
kuhte ho ? 

meree mez pur hur ek tu- 
ruh kee turkaree koochh 
koochh rukho, uor ek ek ka 
nam moojhe buta,o. 
ga,e ka gosht, bher ka 
gosht, soo,ur ka gosht, hul- 
wan, buchhre ka gosht, hi- 
run ka gosht, muchhlee, 
moorgh, junglee moorgh, 
hans, khurgosh, teetur, 
moorghabee, feel moorgh, 
uor ran, muen chahta boon, 
thoree oos zurd yukhnee se, 
uor khooshku la,o. 
wooh bam hue ya samp ? 
in sub muchhliyon ke nam 
toom j ante ho? 
tuo hur roz mere liye ek 
pukana, uor jub muen 
kha,oon tub hur ek ka nam 
moojhe butana, jub tuk ki 
toom nu jano ki hur ek 
uesee cheez ke muen usl 
nam buta sukoon. 
hur ek cheez men bhee, uesa 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



69 



as this will be a capital plan 
for learning and digesting 
this useful tongue, both as 
a good meal, and no bad 
lesson. 

recollect always to say, mas- 
ter, you are now eating an 
ortolan, snipe, quail, oyster, 
mangoefish, custard-apple, 
plantain, fyc. 

are the beefsteaks ready ? 
i. e. slices of cow^s flesh, 
make a devil of the kidney, 
fry the liver, and dress the 
sweet-bread nicely. 

this is a tidbit i wish to keep 
to myself. 

what ! have these fish no 

roes ? 

be sure to dress the turtle 

gloriously ; i have a do%en 

of friends who mean to 

partake of it with me to-day. 

do not forget the soup and 

eggs. 

season every thing well. 

are there onions, leeks, gar- 
lick, and all kinds of spices, 



kuro, kyoon ki is kam kee 

zuban seekhne ka uor yad 

rukhne kayihuch-chhanuq- 

shu hue, ki yih subuq o tu- 

buq bhee hue. 

yad rukho humeshu yih 

kuhna ki sahib ! bugeree, 

chuhee, buter kustooru, 

tupsee muchhlee, shureefu, 

kela wughueru ap is wuqt 

khate huen. 

gawe gosht kee qashen tue- 

yar huen ? 

goorde kee guzuk buna,o. 

oos kulejee ko bhoono, uor 

puthree uch-chhee turuh 

puka.o. 

wooh ek tur niwalu hue 

muen ap hee upne waste 

rukha chahta hoon. 

kya in muchhliyon ke unde 

nuheen ? 

is kuchhoo,e ko uch-chhee 

turuh pukana, mere baruh 

dost aj iske khane ka iradu 

rukhte huen. 

shoorwa uor undon ko 

bhoolo mut. 

hur ek cheez men uch-chhee 

turuh musaluh dalo. 

piyaz, gunduna, luhsun, 

uor sub turuh ke musaluh 



70 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



piekks, <$fc. in the house ? 

can you dress hindoostanee 
dishes well? 

in future do not dress these 
hindoostanee dishes with so 
much spice ; this tastes of 
nothing but pepper. 

in so moist a climate, what 
is the most wholesome food? 
ought it to be highly sea- 
soned or not ? 
i have tried all the varieties 
of climate in india, and 
managed to preserve my 
health by temperance, both 
in eating and drinking. 

my opinion ,is, that good 
living in this country is 
absolutely necessary for a fo- 
reigners constitution, pro- 
vided at the same time he 
takes exercise, 
this beef is excellent ; from 
what butcher did you get 
it ? ahvays employ him in 
future. 



prepare the dish i pointed 



uor u char wughueru ghur 
men huen. 

hindoostanee khana toom 
uch-chha puka sukte ho ? 
age hindoostanee khana itne 
musaluh dalkur raut puka- 
na, is men muzu uor kisee 
ka nuheen, mugur miruch 
ka. 

uese surd moolk men kuon 
see khorak ziyadu moowafiq 
hue? is men khoob musaluh 
dalna lazim hue ki nuheen ? 
hindoostan men sub jugih 
kee ab o huwa muen ne 
dekhee, uor khane peene 
men i,utidal se upnee doo- 
roostee ( e mizaj ko buhal 
rukha hue. 

mere nuzdeek wilayutza 
kee tubee ut ke liye nihayut 
zuroor hue ki is moolk men 
uchchha khawe, bushurte 
ki oos ke sath wooh mihnut 
kure. 

yih gawu gosht buhoot uch- 
chha hue, kis qusa.ee se 
toom ne liya ? age humeshu 
oosee se mooqurrur liya ku» 
riyo. 
fulane sahib ke yuhan kul 



out to you at mr. 



''s jo khana hum ne toom ko 



yesterday, for dinner to- 
morrow ; you had better 
send the cook there this 
evening to see how it is 
made. 

let me never see such a din- 
ner again as you had to- 
day ; there were only four 
gentlemen with me, and 
you prepared food enough 
for twenty. 

what fruits are in season 
now f as each comes into 
season, bring me one. 

the water-cooler has spoiled 
this water, by allowing salt- 
petre to get into it. 
how many pounds of salt- 
petre has he used to-day ; 
the wine was not sufficient- 
ly cooled at dinner ? 
how often have i told you 
to have the plates and every 
thing ready before hand; 
you constantly occasion 
confusion and delay. 

we shall dine to-day in the 
country.; send every thing 
in time, 
will this meat keep so long 



hindoostanee dialogues. 71 

dikhaya tha so kul ke khane 

ke liye tueyar kuriyo, bih- 

tur yih hue ki aj sham ko 

bawurchee ko wuhan bhejo, 

ki dekhe wooh kis turuh 

pukta hue. 

jitna khana aj toom ne pu- 

kaya hue, ootna hum phir 

kubhee nu dekhen; mere 

satli char sahib the, uor toom 

ne bees sahib ke la,iq tueyar 

kiya. 

kuon kuon phul is wuqt 

pukke huen ? uor jub hur 

ek puke, hur qism ka ek ek 

mere pas lana. 

abdar ne shoru soorahee men 

puethakur yih panee khu- 

rab kiya hue. 

kue ser shoru aj cos ne 

khurch kiya hue, khane ke 

wuqt to shurab uch-chhee 

turuh thundhee nu thee ? 

kitnee bar muen ne toom se 

kuha hue, ki rikabiyan uor 

hur ek cheez age se tueyar 

rukhiyo, toom humeshu hu- 

eran hote ho uor der kurte 

ho. , 

hum aj shuhur ke bahur 

khana khawenge; sub chee- 

zen burwuqt bhejo. 

is muosim men yih gosht 



72 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



in this weather? ifear not; 
however you may try. 



there is a gentleman to dine 
with me who is very fond 
of fruit ; endeavour to pro- 
cure some of the best, and 
some good vegetables. 

is every thing sent on board 
the boat ? you must go as 
soon as the flood sets in. 
this meat is overdone ; tell 
the cook to beware of this 
circumstance in future* 

waking, 
the night on which my 
friend died, was a wakeful 
night to me indeed, 
how shall i keep awake so 
long after so much fatigue. 

i could not close my eyes 
all last night, from a watch- 
fulness, that i could not 
well account for. 

he wakes very early every 
morning of hisself; it is 
therefore quite needless to 
awaken him. 

believe me the watchman is 
perfectly awake, though he 



itnee der tazu ruhega ? 
moojhe undeshu hue ki nu 
ruhega ; pur toom isko dekh 
leejo. 

mere sath ek sahib khana 
kha,ega, oose mewu buhoot 
bhata hue ; koochh buhoot 
uch-chhe mewe uor uch- 
chhee turkaree mung wane 
men koshish kuro. 
sub cheezen kishtee men 
bhejee gu,ee huen ? juwar 
hote hee toom ko jana hoga. 
yih gosht ziyadu puka hue, 
bawurchee se kuho ki age 
is bat se hoshyar ruhe. 

jagna. 
jis shub mera dost moo,a 
wooh rat muen ne ankhon 
heen men katee. 
muen itnee mandugee ke 
bu,ud is qudur kyoon kur 
jagoonga. 

muen kul tumam rat beda- 
ree ke subub ankh nu 
moond suka, lekin iskee 
ba,is moojhe khoob mu,u- 
loom nu hoo t ee. 
wooh hur roz turke aphee 
se oothta hue, is liye oosko 
oothana koochh zuroor nu- 
heen. 

yuqeen jano chuokeedar 
khoob jagta hue, ugurchi 



hindoostanee dialogues. 
feigns to be asleep. 



73 



what a la%y man you are, 
there is no rousing you at 
all; do you always lie so 
long in the morning ? 
why does he not get up? 
speak loud to him; hard- 
ness of hearing seems com- 
mon to you all in this house. 

you can never awake him 
in that way; how soundly 
he sleeps I is he always so 
difficult to awaken? he will 
soon awake of himself there- 
fore let him lie still. 

this noise might awake any 
one ; did he tell you to wake 
him at all events in the 
morning? 

wake me very early to-mor- 
row morning, 
i shall wake if you call out, 
master! master! 

should this not make me 

rise, give me a shove on the 

shoulder, pull my hand or 

foot. 

i am awake, go away, i 



wooh sone ka buhanu kurta 

hue. 

toom kuese soost admee ho, 

toom mootluq chette nuheen, 

fujur ko humeshu itnee der 

tuk sote ho ? 

wooh kyoon nuheen oothta ? 

oose chillakur pookaro ; mu ( u- 

loom hota hue ki is ghur 

men toom sub kee rusm kum 

soonne kee hue. 

toom oose is turuh kubhee 

juga nu sukoge, dekho kue- 

sa ghafil sota hue ! ooske 

jugane men kya humeshu 

yuhee diqqut hue? wooh 

ap hee juld jagega, is waste 

oose took sone do. 

yih ghool kisoo ko juga 

sukta hue ; oos ne kya toom 

se kuha hue ki suwere 

khwah mu khwah moojhe 

ootha deejo ? 

kul noor ke turke moojhe 

juga dena. 

ugur toom sahib ! sahib ! 

kurke pookaroge to jag 

oothoonga. 

is se ugur muen nu oothoon, 

to mera kandha pukur hila- 

na, ya hath panw pukur 

khuenchna. 

muen jaga hoon, toom ja,o, 



74 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



cannot, nay, i will not get 
up; for i sat up late last 
night, and am not able to 
keep my eyes open this 
morning. 

all they can do, still your 
servant will not awake. 

perhaps he is dead drunk. 

fire! fire! wake every man, 
woman, and child in the 
house instantly, or they will 
every soul perish in the 
fiames. 

in whose house did this fire 
break out? 

there are such fires con- 
stantly happening in this 
country during the hot wea- 
ther, owing to the careless- 
ness of the natives, 
call assistance, and let us 
endeavour to extinguish it. 

see how much mischief it 
has already done in so short 
a space of time, 
well i shall rise, but make 
no noise, or you will wake 
my guest, whom i do not 
wish to disturb so early. 



muen ooth nuheen sukta 

bulki nu oothoonga, kyoon 

ki rat ko der tuk buetha 

ruha tha, uor aj suwere 

muen upnee ankhen khoolee 

nuheen rukh sukta. 

kitna koochh kuren, pur 

toomhara nuokur jagne ka 

hee nuheen. 

shayud nushe men choor 

hoo,a hue. 

ag ! ag ! hur ek rundee, 

murd, lurka jo ghur men 

hue, juld oo tha do nuheen to 

hur ek ag men Jul murega. 

yih ag kis ke ghur se oothee? 

gurmee ke muosim men, 
yuhan ke logon kee ghuflut 
se, is moolk men uksur 
uesee ugwa,ee hotee hue. 

mudud ko boola,o, uor hum 

bhee iske boojhane men su,ee 

kuren. 

dekho to itne men kya kya 

khurabiyan ho chookiyan is 

ke subub se. 

bhula muen oothoonga, pur 

shor mut kuro, nuheen to 

mera mihman neend se chu- 

onkega, jise muen nuheen 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



75 



he is already awake, and 
wants to speak with you. 

keep awake all night the 
best way you can, or rob- 
bers will plunder you to a 
certainty. 

see whether the gentleman 
be awake yet or not, but 
do not disturb him, should 
he be asleep. 

he always sleeps at midday, 
and so soundly that it is 
not easy to awaken him. 
do not allow them to sleep 
so much; one nighfs rest is 
enough. 

i must go and lie down a 
little ; i had no sleep last 
night, owing to the noise 
you made. 

go up stairs, and see whe- 
ther he is up yet, but do 
not disturb him, he was out 
all night. 

go and ask whether such a 
one be awake, or not yet. 
when they awake, tell him 
or me. 



chahta hoon ki itna suwere 

ootha,oon. 

wooh jag chooka hue, uor 

toom se koochh kuha chahta 

hue. 

jis turuh ho rat bhur jagte 

ruho, nuheen to yuqeen 

jano toomhen dukuet loot 

ieja,enge. 

dekho ki sahib neend se ub 

tuluk oothe huen ki nuheen 

lekin ugur sote hon to mut 

jugana. 

humeshu do puhur ko wooh 

uesa ghafil sota hue ki oosko 

jugana mooshkil hota hue. 

oon ko itna sone nu do ; ek 

rat hee ka sona bus hue. 

moojh ko ja ]etna hoga, toom 
ne jo shor kiya tha, ooske 
subub kul rat ko moojhe 
neend nu a,ee thee, 
oopur ja,o uor dekho, wooh 
ub tuluk ootha hue ki nu- 
heen, lekin oose diqq mut 
kuriyo ki wooh tumam rat 
bahur tha. 

ja.o uor poochho, ki fulanu 
ub tuk jaga hue ki nuheen. 
jub we jagen, tub oos se ya 
moojh se kuhiyo. 



76 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



dressing and undressing, 
has the taylor brought the 
new clothes i ordered so 
long since? these are all 
in rags 9 how can i wear 
such? go and call him. 

run and enquire whether 
he is nearly dressed yet; 
should he be so, come back 
and tell me quickly: i can- 
not wait any longer; it is 
already beyond the ap- 
pointed time. 

always have the dressing 
materials ready at this time 
without my asking for them. 

thisfellow^s razors are very 
blunt; tell him to get them 
sharpened, or employ some 
other barber in his stead. 

how many people have you 
shaved with this razor to- 
day? 

what is this tooth-powder 
made of? it is not suffici- 
ently ground. 

your hands appear very 
dirty indeed; when did you 
wash them? 
this paint has become damp; 



kupre puhinna, uor ootarna. 

durzee we nu,e kupre lay a 

hue jo muen ne mooddut se 

hookm kiya tha? ye sub 

tookre tookre huen, uese 

muen kyoonkur puhnoonga, 

ja,o uor oose boola.o. 

duoro uor poochho ki kupre 

puhinne men ub tuk kya 

deree hue, ugur deree nu 

ho, to juld phira,o, uor 

moojh se kuho; muen uor 

der nuheen kur sukta, wuqt 

to goozur chooka. 

kupre puhinne ka usbab 

bughuer mere poochhe hu- 

meshu isee wuqt tueyar 

rukhna. 

is admee ke oostoore buhoot 

koond huen, oos se kuho ki 

tez kure ya oos kee-juguh 

uor kisee hujjam ko moo- 

qurrur kuro. 

aj is oostoore se toom ne 

kitne logon kee hujamut 

buna ( ee hue ? 

yih munjun kis kis cheez 

se buna hue? uch-chhee 

turuh peesa nuheen guya. 

toomhare hath buhoot muele 

huen; toom ne kub dho,e 

the? 

is rung men surdee puhoon- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



77 



dry it at a slow fire, or 
place it in the sunshine. 

this rose-water is very much 

adulterated; bring me the 

other kind that came here 

yesterday. 

these irons are too hot; you 

have absolutely burned my 

hair in place of curling it. 

bring me my clothes, water 
to wash, and every thing 
necessary at present to en- 
able me to go abroad, 
where is my shirt, stock- 
ings, shoes, hat, coat, cra- 
vat, buttons, breast-pin, 
waistcoat, breeches, and 
jacket ? 



chee hue, oose dheemee anch 
se sookha,o, ya dhoop dik- 
ha,o. 

yih goolab kcochh milane 
se buhoot bigurguya, oos 
doosree qism ko la,o, jo hu- 
mare yuhan kul aya tha. 
ye lohe kee sula.iyan buhoot 
gurm huen, toom ne bul 
dene ke iwuz balon ko jula- 
hee diya. 

mere kupre la,o, hath mconh 
dhone ka panee uor sub 
cheezen jo ub mere bahur 
jane ko zuroor huen. 
meree qumees, moze, joo- 
tee, topee, koorta, gooloo- 
bund, ghoondee, seenubund, 
futoohee, janghiya, mirza,ee 
kuhan hue ? 



the seenu-bund being an ornament that does not exist 
among asiatics, we have been under the necessity of ex- 
ercising the privilege, which is allowed to those who have 
new ideas to express, of inventing a term which may 
indicate the nature of those ideas, as nearly as the idiom 
of the language will admit, a literal translation of the 
english word would be chhatee ka kanta : but this in the 
hindoostanee idiom signifies a mortal enemy, being in so 
many words, the bosom's thorn. 

call the barber first to shave hujjam ko boola.o puhle 
me, and then dress my hair, mera khutt bunawe, uor 

peechhe bal dooroost kure. 
bring the dressing-bone. mooqabu la,o. 



78 hindoostanee dialogues. 

is your master dressed yet toomhare khawind ne bahur 
to go out f jane ke liye kupra puhina 

hue? 
no, sir, but he is now dress- nuheen sahib, lekin ub we 
ing. puhinte huen. 

have you any soap or pease- toomhare pas koochh saboon 
meal? ya besun hue ? 

hand me the tooth-brush, miswak, jeebhee, munjun, 
tongue scraper, tooth-pow- uor dustmal moojhe do. 
der, and towel. 

put no pomatum on my mom ruoghun mere sir men 
head. mut luga,o. 

this is used in hindoostan, in its literal signification, for 
a white ointment of wax and oil; but it is here adopted 
as being the most apposite expression that could be ob- 
tained for a thing, which being unknown to the natives 
of india, has no proper appellation in their language 
hog^s lard, soowur kee churbee, would in the ears of a 
moosulman sound so abominably, that no servant of the 
kind would touch or go near it without a grudge ; and 
every one of that faith would think us pigs indeed, if 
they knew we anointed our heads with swine's grease. 
give me a night-gown, or ek balaposh ya gooloobund 
powder-goivn. moojhe do. 

balaposh, among the moghuls, expresses exactly our 
night-gown, being a long garment which they put on 
when going to sleep ; but in hindoostan the same word 
signifies a sheet or quilt to cover the body in bed. goo- 
loobund is here used in its proper sense, being a cloth 
which is carried round the body, and buttoned under the 
throat in front, used in shaving, as employed in a pre- 
ceding sentence, page 77, the same word was borrowed 



hindoostanee dialogues. 79 

to express a part of dress, which being unknown to 
asiatics, has no proper name in hindoostanee. 
pare my nails, clean my mere nakhoon lo, kan saf 
ears, cut my hair properly, kuro, mere balon ko uch- 
and then powder it. chhee turuh kutro, peechhe 

oon men soofuedu luga,o. 

mueda,Jlour 9 is perhaps preferable for soofuedu, which, 
though it means literally a white substance, is generally 
restricted to white lead. 



wash my feet, and pour 
water over my whole body; 
but first wash your own 
hands well. 

where is the paint-box ! 
put a very little rouge on 
each cheek, for we english 
ladies must now-a-days do 
so, or be laughed at by the 
fashionable world. 



uor mere 



mere panw dho 
tumam budun pur panee 
dalo, lekin puhle upne hath 
uch-chhee turuh dhole, 
sindoora kuhan hue ? 
thora thora lal rung mere 
hur ek gal men luga,o, ky- 
oon ki hum ungrez kee bee- 
biyan huen, hum ko in di- 
non uesa hee kurna hue, 
nuheen to bhule admee 
hunsenge. 

this of course is put in the mouth of a belle, not in a 
dandy's or beau's, though some few such things have 
been known to paint in the east, as well as in the west. 
do you want a petticoat, toom luhunga chahtee ho 



gown, cap, turban, veil, 
wig, or what f i shall bring 
the whole with me. 



ya peshwaz, topee, pugree 
boorquu, buna,e hoo,e bal, 
ya uor koochh ? muen sub 
upne sath la,oongee. 
jhoothe bal false hair, would be one of those uncivil 
truths that few ladies would like to hear, and no hindoo- 
stanee is unpolite enough to tell. 



80 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



where is the rose-water, 
lavender-water, fyc? 
curl my hair as well as you 
can, but first comb it well 
out. kunghiya.o might i 
think be adopted here for 
kunghee-k. 

i want to shift my clothes 
immediately ; bring a clean 
suit, and give what i take 
off to the washerman in- 
stantly. 

brush my hat and every 
thing properly. 

take my boots off. 

pull off my coat, 
give me my shoes or slip- 
pers. 

some clean water to wash 
my mouth. 

where are my long drawers? 
i want a comb and looking- 
glass. 

lest it rain on the road, put 
my great-coat on. 

tie this, loosen that. 

cut it if you cannot untie 

the knot. 

these boots and shoes are 

both too tight ; get them 



goolab, khooshboo panee, 
wughueru kuhan hue ? 
mere balon ko uch-chhee tu- 
ruh bid do jis turuh ho, 
lekin puhle oonhen khoob 
see kunghee kuro. 

muen ubhee kupre budla 

chahta hoon, ek soo three 

poshak la,o, uor jo kupre 

muen ootarta hoon oonhen 

toort dhobee ko do. 

meree topee uor hur ek 

cheez ko uch-chhee turuh 

jharo. 

(mere pan won se chumre 

ke) moze ootaro. 

koortee ootar lo. 

meree jootee ya paposh do. 

moonh dhone ko koochh ni- 

thra hoo,a panee. 

mere pa,ejame kuhan huen ? 

moojhe kunghee uor arsee 

chahiye. 

mubada ruste men minh 

burse, moojhe baranee koorta 

puhna do. 

ise bandho, oose kholo. 

ugur girih khol nuheen 

sukte ho to kat dalo. 

ye chumre ke moze uor 

joote donon tung huen, uch- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



properly stretched on a 

block. 

feel with your hand if there 

be any reptile in the sleeve, 

but shake it out first. 

how troublesome dressing 
is in this hot weather. 

what is the best method of 
bathing ? 

i shall bathe every day in 
the evening. 

let the barber attend every 
morning at 7, when i re- 
turn from riding. 

bring my clothes quickly, i 
breakfast out to-day. 
these clothes are not pro- 
perly washed ; employ an- 
other washerman, 
do you know any good tay- 
lor ? i am much in want 
of clothes ; search for one 
to-day ? 

where is the best rose-water 
to be had f this is very bad. 

you have not cleaned these 
boots, i see, since yesterday, 

give me another pair. 



81 
qalib 



chhee turuh oonhen 

pur churha.o. 

hath dalkur dekho asteen 

men ko,ee keera mukora nu 

ho, lekin puhle oose jhar 

dalo. 

kupre budulna is gurmee ke 

muosim men kya tukleef 

hue. 

nuhane ka kuon sa dhub 

uch-chha hue ? 

muen hur roz sham ko nu- 

haya kuroonga. 

hur soobh ko sat ghunte ke 

wuqt jub muen suwaree se 

phir ajOon, tub hujjam hazir 

howe. 

mere kupre juld la,o, muen 

aj bahur hazree kha,oonga. 

ye kupre uch-chhe nuheen 

dho,e gu,e, uor ek dhobee 

ko mooqurrur kuro. 

toom kisee uch-chhe durzee 

ko jante ho, moojhe poshak 

kee durkar hue, aj ek ko 

dhoondh la ( o ? 

uch-chhe se uch-chha goolab 

kuhan milta hue, yih buhoot 

boora hue ? 

muen dekhta hoon, ki kul 

se toom ne (chumre ke) in 

mozon ko saf nuheen kiya. 

moojhe uor ek jora do. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



where is my uniform coat ? 
put it in the carriage. 

who has broken this looking 

glass. 

you must get it repaired 

immediately. 

that man's razors are not 

sharp. 

tell him not to bring them 

so again. 

take these scissars to the 

grinder, and let them be 

well sharpened. 

keep the water for bathing 

in the shade, that it may be 

cool when it is used. 

you have heated the curling 

iron too much, my hair is 

already scorched by it. 

where are the silk stock- 
ings f i bought last week a 
pair. 

they do not Jit me at all ; 
change them to-day for 
others. 

give me a pair of those 
shoes to-day, these are too 
heavy. 

let the carriage be got ready 
as soon as i am dressed. 



mere bane kee koortee ku- 

han hue? oose garee men 

rukho. 

yih a ( eenu kis ne tora hue. 

toomhen ubhee iskee mu- 

rummut kurwanee hogee. 

cos admee ke oostoore tez 

nuheen. 

cos se kuho ki phir uese nu 

lawe. 

ye quenchiyan sangur ke 

pas le ja,o, uor khoob tez 

kurwa,o. 

nuhane ka panee saye men 

rukho, ki kam ke wuqt 

thundha ho. 

toom ne iohe kee sula ,ee ko 

ziyadu gurm kiya hue, is 

se mere bal ubhee ta,o kha 

gu.e. 

reshmee moze kuhan huen ? 

pichhle hufte men muen ne 

ek jora mol liya hue. 

we mere pan won men ate 

nuheen, aj conhen budlo. 

oon jootiyon men se ek jora 
mcojhe aj do, ye buhoot 
bharee huen. 

jub muen kupre puhin choo- 
koon, garee tueyar kurwa.o. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



have every thing ready for 
dressing early this evening, 
as we go to the gardens. 

sleeping. 
i could not sleep all nighton 
account of the great heat, 
and in this house there is no 
window, consequently no 
circulation of air. 
we must have a window 
struck out here, 
is my bed ready ? 
see that no musquitoes be 
in it. 

open all the windows, but 
take care to shut the door. 

i shall now go to sleep, for 
i am very sleepy. 

don't disturb me while i am 
asleep, unless a letter or 
wme business of importance 
should induceyou to call me. 

who sleeps in that room ? 

let the servants sleep on the 
jU)or. 

i cannot sleep for the heat 
and musquitoes. 



juld aj sham ko kupre pu- 
hinne ka sub surunjam tue- 
yar rukhiyo, is liye ki hum 
baghon men ja,enge. 

sona. 
buhoot gurmee ke subub rat 
ko muen so nu suka, <uor is 
ghur men kuheen dureechu 
nuheen, is liye huwa rook 
jatee hue. 

hum ko yuhan ek khirkee 
nikalnee hogee. 
mera bichhuona tueyar hue? 
dekho ko,ee much-chhur oos 
men nu ho. 

sub dureeche khol do, pur 
khuburdar durwazu bund 
keejiyo. 

muen ubhee sone ko ja,oon- 
ga, kyoon ki moojhe huhoot 
neend a,ee hue. 
muen jub tuluk so ( oon diqq 
mut kuro, mugur jub kisee 
chit-thee ya zuroor kam ke 
subub moojh ko boolana 
pure. 

oos kothree men kuon sota 
hue ? 

nuokuron ko zumeen pur 
sone do. 

gurmee uor much-chhuron 
ke sububmuen so nuheen 
sukta. 
2 



84 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



put the child asleep as soon 

as possible. 

he will not let you sleep 

here. 

i got no rest all night. 

is your master asleep, or 
merely lying down f 
he seems to be asleep, and i 
dare not disturb him, lit. in 
me power is not. 

but you must awake him, as 
here is a letter from govern- 
ment, whieh he has to an- 
swer without delay, 
last night you allowed 
swarms ofmusquitoes to get 
within the curtains, 
i have had no sleep to-day, 
therefore do not disturb me 
early. 

how many sleeping rooms 
are there in this house ? 
there is no current of air in 
any of these. 

no one can possibly sleep in 
them ; but i am so sleepy 
that i can sleep any where. 

where aremy woollen clothes 
for the cold weather f 



jitnee juldee ho sukelur ke 
ko soola,o. 

wooh toomheii yuhan sone nu 
dega. 

muen ne tumam rat aram 
nuheen paya. 

toomhare aqa sote huen ya 
sirf lette huen ? 
mu.uloom hota hue ki we 
sote huen, uor moojh men 
taqut nuheen ki oonhen diqq 
kuroon. 

lekin toom ko oothana hoga, 
kyoon kiyih ek chit-thee hoo- 
zoor kee hue, is ka juwab 
oonhen juld likhna hoga. 
kulkee rat much-chhuron ke 
jhoond ko toom ne musuhree 
ke undur ane diya tha. 
mere tu,een aj neend nuheen 
a,ee, is liye moojhe suwere 
mut jugana. 

is huwelee men sone kee kit- 
nee kothriyan huen ? 
in men se kisee men huwa 
nuheen atee. 

ko,ee oon men so nuheen 
sukta, pur moojh ko uesee 
neend a,ee hue ki juhan ho 
soja.oon. 

surdee ke muosim ko mere 
pushmeene kupre kuhan 
huen ? 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



85 



you must put a blanket on 
thebed to-morrow night, and 
shut the glass windows. 

when do you go to bed gene- 
rally ? 

we will sleep in the boat to- 
night ; carry the beds on 
board. 

these people are always 
asleep. 

he did not sleep all night, 
do not trouble him now. 
the heat makes us very sleepy 
in this country, 
you appear to be half asleep 
now, had you no sleep last 
night 9 

you are lazy, i believe you 
would sleep from morning 
to night. 

walking, 
he has gone out somewhere 
to walk. 

i shall go out also, and walk 
round the fort. 

in my country people walk 
a great deal, and on Sunday 
the citizens of the capital 
walk and roam the whole 
day in the park. 



kul rat ko bichhuone pur 

ek kumlee rukh deejo, uor 

sheeshe ke dureeche bund 

keejo. 

toom uksur kis wuqtsote ho? 

aj rat ko hum na : o men so- 
wenge, bichhuone kishtee 
pur leja.o. 
ye log humeshu sote huen 

wooh saree rat nuheen soya, 
ub oose bechuen nu kuro. 
is moolk men hum ko gur- 
mee buhoot soolatee hue. 
toom ub udh soya nuzur ate 
ho, kya toom kul rat ko nu- 
heen so,e. 

muen sumujhta hoon toom 
uese soost ho ki fujur se rat 
tuk soya chahte ho. 
panw chulna. 
wooh phirne ko kuheen ba- 
hur guya hue. 
muen bhee bahur jaoonga, 
uor qilue kee charon turuf 
phiroonga. 

mere moolk men log buhoot 
puedul chulte huen, uor et- 
war ke roz, pa.etukht ke 
shuhuree rumne men rumte 
phirte huen tumam din. 



86 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



where will you walk with 
me to-morrow morning ? 
i like walking on foot much. 

were i not lame, i would 
walk there. 

had i walked so far yester- 
day, i would have been very 
much fatigued to-day. 
can you walk much 9 
no, i soon tire. 

it is too hot to walk now. 

walking in the open air 

where it is cool, is beneficial 

to health. 

do not walk among that 

grass, lest you tread on a 

s?iake. 

my feet are blistered with 

walking so far. 

i am sitting, thou art stand- 
ing, he is walking, we are 
running, you are jumping, 
they are lying down, 
when do they go ? 
i may go before them, may 
i go before them ? 
do you also go I 
you might go if you liked. 



kul suwere toom mere sath 

kuhan phiroge. 

muen panw chulna buhoot 

pusund kurta hoon. 

ugur muen lungra nu hota 

to wuhan jata. 

ugur kul muen yuhan tuk 

puedul ata, to aj buhoot 

mandu hota. 

toom buhoot chul sukte ho ? 

nuheen, muen juld tnuk jata 

hoon. 

uesee gurmee men chulna 

khoob nuheen. 

muedan men juhan huwa 

thundhee ho wuhan ka phir- 

na tubiyut ko moofeed hue. 

oos ghas pur mut phiro, mu- 

bada kisee samp pur panw 

pure. 

itnee door chulne se mere 

panwon men tumam chhale 

pur gu,e huen. 

muenbuethta hoon, tookhu- 

ra hota hue, wooh chulta 

hue, hum duorte hueu, toom 

koodte ho, we lette huen. 

we kub ja,enge ? 

muen oon keageja^on, muen 

kya oon ke age ja,oon ? 

toom bheeja,oge ? 

toom ja sukte ugur toom 

chahte. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



87 



i would go if i could walk. 

how far will he go to-day ? 

he may go a long way if he 

likes. 

hoi°ses, carriages, # dogs, 
hringthearahhorse i bought 
yesterday, and let us have 
this gentleman's opinion of 
him. 

he is quite a colt yet, what 
is his age ? 

he carries his head remark- 
ably well, and is elegantly 
formed, particularly before, 
measure him exactly, and 
tell us his height, 
he can carry your weight 
over any ground, 
his paces are very good, 
make him trot round that 
circle, now gallop him. 

but he appears to greater 
advantage when mounted. 

are all the horses well rub- 
bed down f walk him about 
until he is perfectly cool, 
but first loose the girths. 

one of the carriage horses 
appears to be lame, he is 
sprained in that joint, send 



muen jata ugur chul sukta. 
kitnee door wooh aj jaega ? 
buhcot see door ja,e to ja,e. 

ghore gariyan uor kootte. 
oos urubee ghore ko la ( o jo 
muen ne kul khureed kiya 
hue, dekhoon to is sahib kee 
sumuj h is men kya hue. 
wooh ub tuk buchhera hue, 
wooh kue sal ka hue ? 
woohkoonda uch-chhee wuzu 
se kurta hue, uor ooska pesh 
khoob soorut hue. 
oosko theek napo uor kitna 
ooncha hue hum se kuho. 
juhan chaho wooh toomhara 
bojh leja sukta hue. 
ooska qudum buhoot uch- 
chha hue, oose oos chukkur 
men doolkee qudum se le- 
ch ulo, uboosepoyon duora,o. 
pur wooh churhe hoo,e se zi- 
yadu khoob soorut nuzur 
ata hue. 

sub ghore uch-chhee turuh 
mule gu,e huen? oose tuhla,o 
jub tuk nu kboob thundha 
ho, lekin puhle tung dheela 
kur do. 

garee ka ek ghora lungra 
nuzur ata hue, ooska wooh 
bund luchuk guyahue,kisee 



88 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



for a farrier to look at him, 

the horse's leg has swelled 
greatly during the night, 
what shall we apply to it to 
reduce it ? 

the filly is allowed to run 
freely about in the paddock 
with her dam. 
how many stalls are unoc- 
cupied in the stable, 
this horse stumbles very 
much, there is danger in 
riding him. 

what blemish is that on his 
leg, is it merely a scar f 

tell the groom to cut the 
horse^s mane and tail pro- 
perly ; has he got a pair of 
scissors ? 

do you know the pedigree 
of this horse, or who bred 
him? 

this is a persian horse, of 
a very gentle temper and 
fine spirit, and perfectly 
sound. 

these horses are not suffi- 
ciently powerful for this 
hea\)y carriage ; see how 
much they perspire after so 
short a drive. 



suloturee ko boola,o ki oose 
dekhe. 

ghore ka panw kul rat se bu- 
hoot phool guya hue, oose 
door kurne ko kya duwa 
kurenge ? 

buchheree upnee ma ke sath 
kutgur men bekhutke duoree 
phirtee hue. 

istubul men kitne than kha- 
lee huen ? 

yih ghora buhoot thokur 
khata hue, is pur churhne 
men khutru hue. 
ooske panw men wooh kya 
ueb hue, wooh kya sirf dagh 
hue? 

sa,ees se kuho ki ghore kee 
yal uor doom uch-chhee tu- 
ruh turashe, ooske pas miq- 
raz hue ? 

is ghore kee musl se toom 
waqif ho, yajisne iskopala 
hue ? 

yih eeran ka ghora hue, bu- 
hoot ghureeb, khoob chalak, 
uor surasur be-ueb. 

is bharee garee ke khuench- 
ne ko in ghoron men khoob 
zor nuheen, dekho is thore 
khuenchue men kitnapusee- 
na kiya hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



89 



tell the coachman to bring the 
new harness which came home 
last night. 

one of the carriage wheels is 
broken, and one of the springs 
likewise is much bent ; all this 
has been occasioned by driving 
these unruly horses, 
they have never been thorough- 
ly broke in. 

send for a jockey in the even- 
ing, and tell him to drive these 
two horses every morning for 
some time, in a breaking-in 
carriage. 

they start and seem ready to 
run away every moment ; and 
never pass a carriage without 
occasioning much trouble. 

get my charger ready very 
early in the morning, as i 
must go to parade, and take 
the grey horse to such a place. 

have you got the chesnut mane 
shod yet f i shall ride her out 
a hunting the day after to- 
morrow. 

how much he is fallen off! he 
is quite thin and weak ; i do 
not believe you give him his 



gareeban se kuho ki jo nuya 
saz kul rat ko aya hue so 
lawe. 

garee ka ek puhiyu toot 
guya, uor ek kumanee bhee 
buhoot terhee hoo,ee, ye sub 
in surkush ghoron ke hank- 
ne se hoo,a hue. 
we ghore kubhee theek bu- 
na, e nuheen guye. 
sham ko chabooksuwar boo- 
la,o, uor oos se kuho ki in 
donon ghoron ko chund roz 
tuluk fujur ke wuqt pherne 
kee garee men jot kur hanke. 
we hur luhzu bhurukte huen 
uor bhagne ka qusd kurte 
huen, uor doosree garee ke 
milne se mooshkil se nikulte 
huen. 

noor ke turke mera jungee 
• ghora tueyar kuro, kyoonki 
moojhe quwa.id men jana 
hue, uor soorkha ghora fu- 
lanee juguh le ja,o. 
soorung ghoree kee ub tuk 
nu,ulbundee toom ne kur- 
wa,ee hue ? muen purson 
shikar ke liye oos pur suwar 
hoonga. 

wooh kitna lut guya hue I 
nihayut doobla uor kum zor 
hoo,a hue, mu,uloom hota 



90 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



allowance of grain ; in future 

give him ten pounds a day, 

and as much grass as he can 

eat. 

where is my new hunting sad- 

die and bridle ? 

clean the holsters and girths 

well ; brush off all that dust. 

this bedding is extremely dir- 
ty ; why do you not change it 
every day ? 

dry the grass for some days 
in the sunshine before you give 
it to the horses, particularly 
in this wet weather, 
ride this mare gently round 
the course twice a-day, and 
do not check her violently; 
put a light bridle into her 
mouth. 

he both kicks and rears ; in 
short is totally useless as a 
riding horse. 

when do the horse merchants 
generally arrive from the 
northern parts ofindia? they 
often have valuable horses 
with them, 
is your pony sure footed,' 



hue ki too oosko danu poora 
nuheen deta, age hur roz 
panch ser danu uor jis qudur 
ghas kha suke, dena. 
mera nuya sadu zeen uor 
lugam kuhan hue ? 
quboore uor tung khoob saf 
kuro, wooh gurd sub jhar 
dalo. 

(than ka) yih bichhuona 
nihayut muela hue, hur roz 
too kyoon nuheen budulta 
hue ? 

ghas ghore ko khilane se 
age chund roz tuluk dhoop 
men sookbla,o, khoosoosun 
is panee ke muosim men. 
is ghoree pur hur roz do 
murtubu suwarhokurghoor- 
duor ke gird ahustu phira 
kuro, zor se mut roko, uor 
hulkee lugam ooske moonh 
men luga,o. 

wooh lat marta hue uor 
seekhpa bhee hota hue ; 
ghuruz mootluq suwaree ke 
qabil nuheen. 

ghoron ke suodagur hin- 
doostan ke oottur se kub 
uksur ate huen, oonke sath 
barha besh qeemut ghore 
ruhte huen. 
toomhara tangun thokur to 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



91 



how many miles can you go 
in an hour ? 

tell the farrier to pare the 
hoof before he nails on the 
shoe, and let the shoe be suffi- 
ciently large, and made to 
shape the foot. 

take the carriage to the coach- 
maker, and get it repaired 
and painted as soon as possi- 
ble. 

did he bleed or physic the 
horse to-day 9 

the swelling has subsided con- 
siderably, and the lameness 
is not so great as it was yes- 
terday. 

your horses are not in wind 
for running. 

how long have you been train- 
ing them ? 

in this hot weather take off 
the body clothes, and put on 
a net to keep off the flies and 
insects. 

call the dog-keeper, and tell 
him to bring the two european 
greyhounds and pointer with 
him. 

wash them all regularly once 
a-day, and lead them out 
morning and evening, but do 
not let them loose. 



nuheen khata, ek sa,ut men 

kue kos ja sukte ho ? 

nu.ulbund se kuho ki nu,ul- 

bundee se age woah soom 

turashe, uor nu,ul juesee 

chahiye buree ho, soom ke 

dhub bune. 

garee le ja,o kareegur ke 

yuhan uor jitnee juldee ho 

suke murummut uor rung 

kurwa,o. 

aj ghore kee fusd kholee ya 

joollab diya ? 

soojun buhoot dub gu,ee, 

uor kul kee nisbut kum 

lungrata hue. 

toomhare ghore duorne ke 
moowafiq dum nuheen rukhte 
kitne dinon se toom oon ko 
bunate ho ? 

is gurmee ke muosim men 
gurdunee ootaro, uor ek jal 
kee oortuk dal do ki muk- 
khee uor dans kat nu suken. 
doriye ko boola.o uor oos se 
kuho ki do wilayutee tazee 
kootte uor gilje kootte ko 
upne sath lawe. 
hur roz bila naghu ek bar 
in ko dho uor soobh o sham 
le phiro, lekin chhor mut 
do. 



92 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



take care that the kennel be 
kept very clean, 
he says this dog is mad, it 
will not drink, and it at- 
tempted to bite him. 

this hound is remarkably 
swift: he can run down an 
antelope himself. 

put these new collars on their 
necks. 

riding, 
is the horse ready f 
put the saddle well on. 

hold the bridle till i be fairly 
mounted. 

take up the stirrup one hole. 

let the stirrup down two 

holes. 

tighten the girth. 

put a cloth over the horse's 

eyes. 

coax him that he may not be 

restive. 

is that a riding or a carriage 

horse ? keep out of the way, 

perhaps he may kick, bite, 

rear, fyc. 



khuburdar, tazee khane ko 

khoob saf rukhna. 

wooh kuhta hue ki yih 

kootta buolaya hue, panee 

nuheen peeta, uor mcojhe 

katne ko duorta hue. 

yih shikaree kootta nihayut 

juld ruo hue, wooh ukela 

hirun ko duorkur pukur 

sukta hue. 

ye nu,e putte oon ke gule 

men dalo. 

suwar hona. 
ghora tueyar hue ? 
uch-chhee turuh zeen band- 
ho. 

lugam thambo jub tuk muen 
uch-chhee turuh suwar nu 
ho.oon. 

rikab ko ek kuree ke chhed 
bhur kum kuro. 
rikab do kuree ke chhed 
bhur lumbee kuro. 
tung khuencho. 
ghore ko undheree kur do. 

oose choomkaro ki mugra nu 

ho. 

wooh suwaree ka ya garee 

ka ghora hue ? ruste se ku- 

nare ho shayud wooh lat 

chula^, kate, seekhpa ho, 

wu ghueru. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



93 



where is the saddle-cloth and 
crupper, the bit, belly-band, 
martingale, fyc. 
see that the reins are strong, 
and kept in constant repair. 

what frets the horse f 

drive the flies away. 

do you give the horse (mare) 

his grain regularly ? 

never use heel ropes, they de- 
stroy a horse ; the fore ropes 
may be useful, the others sel- 
dom or ever can. [this sub- 
ject is worthy of attention, 
as a matter both of interest 
and humanity.] 

tell that man, woman, child, 
carter, bullock-driver, #c. to 
go out of the way. 
call out to those people in 
good time, the horse may gal- 
lop over them. 

remove tffat bag, box, basket, 
otherwise the horse may start, 
take fright, and run off. 
bid these people give over 
their beating, singing, and 
noise, till i get past. 



zeenposh, doomchee, lugam, 
petee, zerbund, wughueru 
kuhan hue ? 

dekho ki bagen muzboot 
huen ki nuheen, uor hume- 
shu oonhentheek thak rukho. 
ghore ko kis cheez se phoc- 
ruhree atee hue ? 
muk-khiyan hank do. 
toom ghore (ghoree) ko bila 
naghu ratib ke moowafiq 
danu dete ho ? 
kubhee pichharee nu bandh- 
na, con men ghora khurab 
hota hue, ugaree kee russi- 
yan kam kee ho to ho, pich- 
haree kee russiyan kum kam 
kee huen, bulki kubhee nu- 
heen. 

oos murd, rundee, lurke, 
gareeban, buelwale se kuho 
ki ruste se tufawoot jawe. 
con logon ko burwuqt poo- 
karo, mubada ghora oon ko 
ruonde. 

oos thuelee, sundooq, tokree 
ko ootha,o, mubada ghora 
chuonke, bhurke uor bhage. 
in logon se kuho ki bujana, 
gana, uor shor muchana 
muoqoof rukhen jub tuk ki 
muen nu goozur chookoon. 



94 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



don't let them come near me. 
here, you groom! hold the 
horse, i must dismount for 
a little. 

put all his furniture to 
rights, he does not go easy. 

take care, he will get out 

of your hands. 

bring the umbrella, but 

don't frighten the horse by 

raising it too suddenly in 

his face. 

see, is that ground proper 

for the horse to go over ? 

i fear it is swampy, quick- 
sands, boggy, Sfc. 

if he stick there, i shall cer- 
tainly punish you heartily. 

examine the place carefully, 

and see how far the water 

comes up. 

is the bottom firm? 

does the water reach your 

middle ? 

go to the other side, and 

see if the bank be steep or 

sloping? 

are there any rocks or stones 

in the bed of the river? 



oonhen mere pas nu ane do. 

su ( ees! idhur a, ghora pu- 

kur, zura moojhe ooturna 

hue. 

sub saz ooska theek kuro, 

wooh suhuj men chulta nu- 

heen. 

khuburdar, wooh toomhare 

hath se chhoot ja ( ega. 

chhata la,o, lekin ekbargee 

ghore ke moonh ke age cotha- 

kur bhurka.o mut. 

dekho to wooh zumeen ghore 

ke chul nikulne ke la,iq hue 

ki nuheen? 

moojhe undeshu hue ki yih 

duldul, chor baloo, phun- 

sa s oo wughueru ho. 

ugur wooh wuhan phuns ja r e 

to rauen toomhen sukht suza 

doonga. 

wooh juguh khuburdaree se 

tuhqeeq kuro, uor dekho ki 

panee kuhan tuk ata hue. 

tuh kee mittee sukht hue ? 

panee toomharee kumur tuk 

puhoonchta hue ? 

oos par ja,o uor dekho ki ku- 

rara seedha hue ya dhaloo? 

nuddee men ko,ee chutan 
ya put-thur hue ? 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



95 



you must not give the horse 

water now, while he is so 

warm, 

walk him about, rub him 

well down, and take care 

that he does not catch cold 

in your hands. 

what makes the horse trip 

and stumble so? 

examine his hoofs, perhaps 
some gravel or stones are 
sticking there, 
take them all out, or the 
horse will assuredly be 
lamed. 

why does he limp in the 
right fore-leg? 
he seems to have something 
the matter also with his 
left hind-leg. 

is this a quiet horse for the 
road? 

does he ever rear, run back- 
wards, or stand still on the 
road? 

is he hard mouthed? 
does he bite his rider ever? 

is he perfectly sound in 
wind and limb ? 



is horse walks, trots, 



ub ghore ko panee nu dena 

jub tuk ki wooh uesa gurm 

ruhe. 

oose tuhla ( o, uch-chhee tu- 

ruh mulo uor khuburdar 

ki toomhare zimme hue oose 

surdee nu puhoonche. 

ghora kyoon uesa nakhoon 

leta hue, uor thokur khata 

hue? 

ooske soom dekho, shayud 

oon men ko,ee kunkur, ya 

put-thur gur guya hue. 

oon sub ko nikal dalo nu- 

heen to ghora beshuk lun- 

gra hoga. 

kyoon wooh ugle dahne panw 

se lungrata hue ? 

mu.uloom hota hue ki ooske 

pichhleba^n panw men bhee 

koochh hue. 

ruste ke liye yih ghureeb 

ghora hue ? 

wooh kubhee seekhpa hota 

hue, peechhe duorta hue, 

ya ruste men urta hue? 

wooh moonh zor hue? 

kubhee wooh upne suwar 

ko katta hue? 

wooh dum nuheen churhta 

uor panw men bilkooll be- 

ueb hue? 

yih ghora uch-chhee turuh 



96 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



canters, gallops, leaps well. 
these are technical terms 
which the indian jockies can 
best explain. 

tell me all tlie different pa- 
ces of horses here, and ex- 
plain each of them parti- 
cularly. 

does he stand jire $ lit. on 
firing a gun and cannon, 
does not he startle ? 

going in a carriage, 
drive the horses {bullocks) 
properly. 

is the harness ready, and 
in good order ? 
grease the wheels well. 

get the harness repaired, 
bring every thing to-mor- 
roiv morning early, and ex- 
amine the whole before me. 
open the coach door, 
let down, put up the steps, 
hold the horses well, lest 
they startle with the noise, 
and run off with the car- 
riage. 

shove the carriage from be- 
hind forward, 
pull the carriage back, that 
it may not run down on the 
horses. 



chulta hue, doolkiyon jata 
hue, poyon chulta hue, sur- 
put duorta hue, koodta hue. 

moojh se kuho to yuhan ke 

ghoron kee sub chal, uor 

hur ek ka buyan moofussul 

kuro. 

top uor bundooq ke chhoot- 

ne se bhurukta to nuheen ? 

garee pur jana. 
ghoron (buelon) ko uch- 
chhee turuh hanko. 
saz tueyar hue, uor khoob 
theek thak? 

puhiyon men uch-chhee tu- 
ruh churbee luga,o. 
saz murummut kurwa,o. 
kul suwere sub cheezen la,o, 
uor sub mere samhne janch 
kur dekho. 

garee ka durwazu khol do*' 
seerhee khuench, ootha^. 
ghoron ko uch-chhee turuh 
pukro, mubada we shor se 
bhurken, uor garee sumet 
bhagen. 

garee peechhe se age dhu- 
kelo. 

garee peechhe khuencho ki 
ghoron pur nu a ruhe. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 97 

fix one of the wheels. ek puhiyu puch-chee kuro. 

back the carriage. garee peechhe huta t o. 

go close to the door. durwaze ke lugbhug ja,o. 

call out in good time to durwazu kholne ke liye bur- 

open the gate. wuqt pookaro. 

remove that thing out of oos cheez ko ruste se ootha.o. 

the way. 

stop ! stop ! i shall call at ruho ! ruho ! muen is sahib 

this gentleman's house. ke yuhan ja,oonga. 

drive to the right, left, this dahne, ba,en, is turuf oos 

side, that side, right on, turuf, samhne, muedan ke 



across the plain, round the 
town, course, fort, field, 
square, house, tank, park, 



beech hokur shuhr, ghoor- 
duor, qilue, khet, chuok, 
huwelee, talab, rumne, wu- 
ghuere kee charon simt 
hanko. 
avoidtheditch,bridge,stone, khunduq, pool, putthur, 
brick, chair, man, fyc. eent, palkee, admee, wu- 

ghuere se bucho. 
ugur dhoop gurm ho, ya 
minh burse, to garee ko 
saye, gareekhane, chuobare, 
men rukho. 
unyoke the horses, and walk ghoron ko kholkur tuhla,o. 
them about. 

clean and wash the carri- hur roz uch-chhee turuh 
age well every day. garee saf kuro uor dho. 

have always a good knife ek uch-chhee chhooree uor 
and some ropes in the car- koochh russee humeshu ga- 
riage, lest any accident oc- ree men rukhiyo, mubada 
curs on the road. ruste men koochh afut pure. 

let the blinds down. khurkhuree gira do. 



put the carriage in the 
shade, coach-house, shed, if 
the sun be hot, or it rain. 



98 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



sheeshe (or perhaps) a,eene 
ke pulle ootha,©. 
uch-chhee turuh durwaze 
bund kuro, ki lurke bahur 
gir nu puren. 

garee ke peechhe churh lo. 
buggee men mere sath bue- 
tho, uor chhutree pukro. 



put up the glass windows. 

fasten the door well, that 
the children may not turn- 
hie out. 

get up behind the carriage, 
sit in the buggy with me, 
and hold the umbrella. 

this buggy is one of those ugly names for whirligigs 
of local currency, but very equivocal origin ; it is almost 
naturalized in the hindoostanee, in default of a more 
appropriate appellation, for which curricle, gig, and 
tilbury, garee, is rather too general a term. 
sit down at my feet, and mere panw ke pas buetho, 
support the umbrella so. 
support the shafts, seize 
the horse, and don't let the 
carriage upset, 
keep clear of the wheel, 
never run across before the 
horses, the pole or shaft 
will knock you down, 
cut the traces, or the horse 
will choke, be drowned, 
lamed, 8?c. 



are the horses sick, tired, 
lame, lazy, or what? 
go slow ; look at their feet, 
the harness, reins, bit, fyc. 

be careful how you turn. 



uor chhutree yoon pukro. 
dunde thambo, ghora pukro, 
uor garee oolutne nu do. 

puhiye se bucho. 

ghoron ke samhne kubhee 

are mut duorna, chob ya 

dunde lugketoomgir puroge. 

tusmu kat dalo, nuheen to 

ghore ko phansee lugegee, 

doobega, lungra hoga, wu- 

ghueru. 

ghore beemar, mande, lun- 

gre, kahil huen ya kya ? 

ahuste ja,o oon ke panw, saz, 

bag dor, duhanu, wughueru 

dekho. 

hoshyar ruhiyo, toom kis 

turuh phirte ho. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



99 



look sharp as you go over jub toom oos pool pur, oos 

that bridge, across that ri- nuddee ke par, oos bheer, 

ver, through yon crowd of wughueru hokur ja,o, tub 
people, #c. 

has the horse lost a shoe? 



get his shoes shifted, 
let him be new shod. 



chuokus ruhna. 

ghore ne ek nu,ul gira diya 

hue? 

is ke nu.ul budul do. 

cos kee nu,ulbundee phir ho. 



see that the farrier does not dekho ki nu.ulbund (keel) 

prick him. nu choobhawe. 

take off the shoe, and eooa- nu.ul khol dalo, uor soora 

mine the parts. dekho. 

does the saddle chafe the ghore kee peeth kya zeen 

horse 's back $ se chhil jatee hue? 

let his back get quite healed zeen, charjamu, ya uor ko.ee 

before you put a saddle, cheez oos pur rukhne ke age 

pad, or any thing else upon ooskee peeth ka gha,o khoob 

him. sookhne do. 

take the horse and carriage ghora uor garee istubul ke 

to the stabler' s, and let malik ke yuhan leja.o, uor 

them stay there. wuheen ruhne do. 

make haste and repair the garee kee murummut men 



carriage. 

visiting, fyc. 
order thejchair. 
take me to mr, — 

where does mrs. — 



stay? 



bring the chair close to the 

door. 

put the chair in the shade. 



juldee kuro. 

moolaqat kurnee wughueru. 
bochu tueyar kurwa,o. 
moojhe fulane sahib ke yu- 
han lejap. 

fulanee beebee kuhan ruh- 
tee hue ? 
bochu durwaze se bhira do. 



bochu chhanw men rukho. 



h 2 



100 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



open the shutters of the 
chair. 

do not go so fast, 
go as fast as you can. 
go as slow as you like, 
why do you shake the chair 
so much? 

send the footman on before, 
to see if the gentleman 
(lady) be at home, 
ask if the gentleman has 
gone out, and when he will 
return. 

give my compliments to your 
master (mistress), 
give this note to mr. — d. 
when he returns, 
tell your mistress i will re- 
turn soon. 

let that chair go on before, 
stay behind mrs. ■ f?s 
chair. 

why do you pass- any gen- 
tleman's chair in that way? 

bring the umbrella to this 

side. 

keep clear of that dust on 

the road. 

do not go near the carriage. 

keep on this side, that side. 



boche kee khurkhuree khol 

do. 

itnee juldee mut chulo. 

jitnee juldee ho suke chulo. 

jitna ahuste toom chaho ja,o. 

boche ko toom itna kyoon 

tukan dete ho? 

piyade ko age bhej do ki 

dekhe, sahib (beebee) ghur 

men huen ki nuheen. 

poochho ki sahib bahur gu ( e 

huen ki nuheen, uor kub 

phir awenge. 

toom upne sahib (beebee) 

se mera sulam kuhna. 

yih chit-thee — d. sahib 

ko deejo ? jub we phir awen. 

toom upnee beebee se ku- 

hiyo ki muen ubhee phir 

a.oonga. 

wooh bochu age jawe. 

f. beebee ke boche ke 

peechhe ruho. 

kisee sahib ke boche se 

kyoon toom is tuor se age 

burhte ho? 

chhata is turuf la,o. 

ruste kee oos gurd se bucho. 

garee ke pas mut ja,o. 
is turuf, oos turuf ruho. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



101 



why do you run a race with 

any other bearers? 

take the things out of the 

chair. 

put the book, paper, bundle, 

cloth, <$fc. in the chair. 

see that nobody takes them 
away. 

keep to one side, or the car- 
riage will run over you. 
take care, do not go near 
that gentleman, european, 
man, sailor, woman, child, 
horse. 

if you do, he will very pro- 
perly knock you down. [viz. 
John bull on these occa- 
sions.] 
you have lost the road to 

mr. *s house. 

this is not the way. 

ask the people in that house, 

shop, hut, field, to show you 

the road. 

this is cerfainly the wrong 

road. 

go to the right or strait 

road. 

put the candles in the lant- 

horns. 

light the candles, and send 

the link-boy on before. 



kisee uor kuharon ke sath 
duor kyoon kurte ho ? 
cheezon ko boche se ootha,o. 

kitab, kaghuz, bustu, ku- 

pra wughueru, boche men 

rukho. 

dekho ko,ee oonhen le nu 

jawe. 

ek turuf ruho, nuheen to 

garee toom pur a puregee. 

khuburdar, cos sahib, gore, 

m urd, mullahjVundee, lurke, 

ghore ke pas mut ja,o. 

ugur toom ja,o to toomhen 
wooh huqq pur mookke mar- 
kur girawega. 

toom ne fulane sahib ke ghur 

kee rah goom kee. 

yih rah nuheen. 

oos ghur, dookan, jhompre, 

khet ke admee se kuho ki 

toomhen rah dikha den. 

such yih koo-rah hue. 

theek ya seedhee rah chulo. 

fanooson men buttiyanrukh 

do. 

buttee roshun kuro uor mis- 

hu,ulchee ko age bhejo= 



102 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



put the chair down. 

take up the chair and go on. 

stop! stop! i want to speak 

with the gentleman in that 

chair. 

call to his bearers to stand 

still until we reach them. 

what book is that ? 

the price of it ? 

i won't give so much. 

come, take one ana, 4 anas, 

half a rupee, a rupee, % 3, 

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. 

the book is very old, and i 

won't give half the price you 

ask. 

i do not want the book, but 
if you will giveit very cheap, 
i may purchase it to oblige 
you. 

not an ana more, 
i have not cash about me. 
follow me, and you will re- 
ceive your money at my 
house. 

bring the books with you, 
and then take their price. 

i don't want pictures, 

take the books away. 



palkee neeche rukho. 

palkee ootha,o uor chulo. 

ruho ! ruho ! oos palkee ke 

sahib se muen koochh kuha 

chahta hoon. 

ooske kuharon ko pookaro ki 

jub tuk humnupuhoonchen, 

khure ruhen. 

wooh kuon see kitab hue ? 

ooskee qeemut kya hue ? 

muen itna nuheen doonga. 

a,o, lo, ek anu, char ane, ath 

ane, ek roopue, % 3, 4, 5, 6, 

7, 8, 9, 10. 

yih kitab buhoot pooranee 

hue, uor toom jo mangte ho, 

ooskee adhee bhee qeemut 

nu doonga. 

muen kitab nuheen chahta 

hoon, lekin ugur buhoot sus- 

tee becho to muen toomharee 

khatir oose molle suktahoon. 

ziyadu ek anu bhee nuheen. 

mere pas nuqd nuheen hue. 

mere peechhe a.o, uor mere 

ghur men toom ko roopue 

milenge. 

kitabon ko upne sath la,iyo 

tub toom oon kee qeemut 

leejo. 

muen tusweeren nuheen 

chahta hoon. 

kitaben le ja,o. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



103 



they are good for nothing, 
if you will take what i offer 
for each book, give me the 
whole, andhereisyour cash. 

you with the books! come 

here. 

when you have any new 

books for sale, bring them 

to my house. 

ask my people where my 

house is. 

put the covering over the 

sedan-chair. 

dust the chair well, shake 

the bedding, pillows, tyc. 

see that no snakes, scor- 
pions, centipedes, or other 
reptiles be in the chair, 
house, room, boots, shoes, 
bed, tent, chest, fyc. 



go under that tree, 
get me soyie water. 

if it rain much, endeavour 
to reach the first house on 
the road. 

travelling, 
we must not commence such 



we koochh kam kee nuheen. 
hur ek kitab ke waste jo 
muen diya chahtahoon, wooh 
ugur toom lo to sub moojhe 
do, uor ye nuqd puese lo: 
ue kitab wale ! yuhan a,o. 

jub toomhare pas ko,ee nu.ee 
kitab bika.oo ho to mere 
ghur la,iyo. 

mere logon se poochh lo 
meree huwelee kuhan hue. 
palkee ke oopur ghutatop 
rukh do. 

palkee ko uchhee turuh 
jharo, bichhuona uor tukiye 
wughueru jhar dalo. 
dekho ki palkee, ghur, ko- 
three, chumre ke moze, joo- 
tee, bichhuone, dere, sun- 
dooq, wughuere men koee 
samp, bich-chh: o, kunkhu- 
joora, ya uor ko,ee keera 
mukora nu ruhe. 
cos durukht ke tule ja ( o. 
mere waste thora panee 
munga,o. 

ugur minh buhoot burse to 
ruste pur jo huwelee puhle 
mile cos men puhoonchne ka 
qusd kuro. 

suer kurna. 
sub luwazime khatir ju 



104 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



a journey without beingpro- 
vided with every necessary 
and comfort, few of which 
are to be procured on the 
way. 

as we travel by land, we 
must have every thing well 
packed, to guard against 
all accidents, which occur 
frequently by the careless- 
ness of servants, independ- 
ent of those common to all 
travellers. 

both to avoid ewpence and 
inconvenience, we must re- 
duce our baggage to as small 
a quantity as possible, 
let us consult htm ; he has 
travelled much both by land 
and water in this country, 
and will give us assistance. 

you do not advert to the ne- 
cessity of applying for or- 
ders to pass your carriages, 
fyc. at the different stations. 



this will occasion a delay of 
two days at least, 
this road, though shortest, 
is in general much infested 



muee ke sath tueyar nu kur- 
ke hum en uese sufurmen nu 
chula chahiye, kyoonki oon 
men se kum ruste men milte 
huen. 

hum jo khooshkee kee suer 
kuren to chahiye ki nuoku- 
ron kee ghuflut se jo sub 
afut purtee hue, oos se hosh- 
yar ruhne ke liye uchchhee 
turuh sub cheez ko band- 
hen, qutu nuzur oon hadison 
sejo uksur moosafiron pur 
purte huen. 

khurch uor mooshkilat se 
buchne ke waste hum ko 
chahiye ki muqdoor bhur 
usbab kum kuren. 
chulo hum oos se musluhut 
kuren ; oos ne is moolk men 
khooshkee o turee kee suer 
buhoot kee hue, uor huma- 
ree mudud kurega. 
upnee gariy on w ughuer ue ke 
hur hur mukan se goozurne 
ke waste jo dustuk kee dur- 
khwast kurnee zuroor hue, 
oos men toom fikr nuheen 
kurte ho. 

is men kum se kum do roz 
kee der hogee. 
yih rah ugurchi nuzdeek 
hue, pur uksur rahzunee 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



105 



by robbers ; i think we ought 
to go by the other, and, even 
then, a small guard is ab- 
solutely necessary. 

is the wine, and the other 
packages that were sent 
here in the morning, pro- 
perly packed and put in the 
carts ? 

there are people now em- 
ployed in going, so you had 
better see yourself that it be 
well done. 

on the journey the loss of 
the wine would be a very 
serious one, and one not 
easily remedied, 
these people, in place of ex- 
erting themselves, are all 
asleep in the veranda, 
so many of the servants 
ought to go on with the 
breakfasting tent, and the 
others remain with the di- 
ning tent % 

by sending one tent on in 
the evening to the next 
stage, we can have break- 
fast as soon as we arrive, 
the dining tent in which we 
sleep, seldom can come up 



hotee hue ; hum sumujhte 
huen ki doosre ruste se jana 
lazim hue, tahum chund 
niguhban nihayut zuroor 
huen. 

jo shurab uor guthriyan 
ki fujur ko yuhan bhejee 
gu,een, oonhen uch-chheetu- 
ruh bandhkur gariyon pur 
rukha hue ki nuheen ? 
ub log oos kam men luge 
huen, bihtur yih hue kitoom 
ap dekho ki wooh uch-chhee 
turuh bune. 

sufur men shurab ke zayu,u 
hone se buree qubahut ho- 
gee, jiska ilaj mooshkil hue. 

ye log mihnut kurne ke 
iwuz sub buramude men 
sote huen. 

itne nuokuron ko chahiye 
ki hazree khane ke tumboo 
ke sath jawen, uor baqee 
khane ke khueme ke sath 
ruhen. 

sham ko doosree munzil 
men peshkhueme ke bhejne 
se hum puhoonchte hee haz- 
ree kha sukenge. 
khane ka khuemu ki jis men 
hum sote huen, jub tuk din 



106 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



until the day is far ad- 
vanced. 

the sentinel must be very 
circumspect at night, other- 
wise we shall certainly be 
robbed. 

let the carriages and cattle 
be brought to one place be- 
fore it gets dark, and put 
under the charge of the 
watchmen. 

we must halt one day in 
every week, or even more 
should the stages be long, 
to relieve the people and 
cattle. 

all large towns we ought to 
avoid as much as possible, 
to prevent our people from 



desire the people always to 
pitch the tents near water, 
and, if possible, under trees. 

ivhat district is this village 

in ? and who is magistrate 

of it? 

how very highly cultivated 

the country through which 

we passed to-day is ! 

i fear we shall have much 

trouble in passing our bag- 



buhoot nu churhe, kumtur 
puhoonch sukta hue. 
chahiye ki rat ko chuokee- 
dar khoob chuokus ruhe, 
nuheen to beshuk hum loot 
ja.enge. 

sham hone ke age chahiye 
ki gariyon uor buelon ko ek 
juguh jumu,u kuren, uor 
ehuokeedaron ke zimme kur 
den, 

logon uor charpayon ke 
aram ke liye humen hur 
hufte men ek roz muqam 
kurna hoga, bulki ziyadu, 
ugur munzil buree ho. 
lazim hue ki sub bure bure 
shuhron ko muqdoor bhur 
chhoren ki log bhag nu su- 
ken. 

logon se kuh do ki humeshu 
panee ke nuzdeek khuemu 
khura kuren, uor ugur ho 
suke to durukhton ke tule. 
yih ganw kis purgune men 
hue uor yuhan ka hakim 
kuon hue ? 

jis surzumeen ko aj hum 
tue kurke aye, wuhan kee 
khetee kya khoob hue ! 
hum ko undeshu hue ki 
kul humare usbab ko nud- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



107 



gage across the river to- 
morrow. 

what a delightful situation 
this is ! let us halt here a 
day or two. 

enquire in that milage whe- 
ther there be any game in 
the neighbourhood, 
this man says there is game 
of all kinds very near ; but 
that it is dangerous going 
near the wood on account 
of the numbers of tigers 
in it. 

they seldom carry off any 
of the people ; but hardly a 
night passes during which 
the cattle do not suffer, 
tell the proprietor of the 
village to send some of his 
people in the evening to beat 
up the game for us. 

don't allow these people to 
dress their victuals so near 
the tent, we are almost sti- 
fled with the smoke. 

take care that every thing 
is paid, and that no vio- 
lence be used against the 
villagers, 
should there be any com- 



dee ke par ootarne men bu- 

ree tusdee,u hogee. 

yih kya dilchusp juguh 

hue ! a,o yuhan do ek din 

muqam kuren. 

oos ganw men poochho ki 

iske aspas ko r ee shikar hue 

ki nuheen. 

yih shukhs kuhta hue, ki 

buhoot nuzdeek hur turuh 

ke shikar huen, lekin she- 

ron kee boohtayut se jungul 

ke pas goozurna khutrnak 

hue. 

we kisee admee ko kum le 

jate huen, lekin kum uesee 

rat goozurtee hue ki jis men 

charpaye mare nuheen jate. 

oos ganw ke zumeendar se 

kuho ki sham ko upne ad- 

miyon men se ku,ee bheje, 

ki humare waste shikar 

gher lawen. 

khueme ke itne nuzdeek in 

logon ko khana pukane nu 

do, kyoon ki dhoo^n se qu- 

reeb hota hue ki dum rook 

ja,e. 

khuburdar ki sub cheezon 
kee qeemut dee ja,e, uor 
gunwaron pur koochh zoolm 
nu ho. 
ugur koochh nalish ho uor 



108 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



plaints made, and you be 
guilty ', you shall certainly 
be punished severely. 
we have had very good sport 
indeed, and not much fa- 
tigue. 

tell the people we shall halt 
here to-morrow, and let them 
provide themselves with any 
necessaries from the village, 
as there will be no halt again 
for some time, 
you had better not ride to- 
morrow, as your horse must 
be fatigued with the long 
marches we have lately 
made. 

are the elephants and ca- 
mels also properly attended 
to and fed? 

it is always difficult, after 
one day's halt even, to set 
the people a-going as usual; 
therefore let us avoid stop- 
ping except when necessary, 
how many stages yet is that 
town from this ? 
we must have a guide to 
show us the road through 
this woody country, 
what amazing numbers of 
peacocks, partridges, and 



toom tuqseerwar thuhro, to 
be-shuk toom sukht suza 
pa t oge. 

such hum ko buhoot uch- 
chha shikar mila, uor man- 
dugee thoree hoo.ee. 
logon se kuho ki kul yuhan 
hum muqam kurenge, uor 
we ap upne waste sub su- 
runjam ganw se mungwa- 
wen, kyoonki chund roz tu- 
luk phir muqam nu hoga. 
bihtur yih hue ki kul toom 
suwar nu ho, kyoonki hum 
ne jo ub bure kooeh kiye 
is se toomhara ghora mandu 
hoo,a hoga. 

hathiyon, oonton ke bhee 
dane chare uor khubur gee- 
ree uch-chhee turuh hotee 
hue ? 

ek din bhee muqam kurke 
logon ko budustoor rah chu- 
lana humeshu mooshkil hue, 
is waste muqam kurna chhor 
den mugur jub zuroor ho. 
wooh shuhr yuhan se ub tuk 
kue munzil hue ? 
hum ko ek rahbur chahiye 
ki is junglee moolk men hu- 
meri rah butawe. 
is qudur mor, teetur uor 
shikar aj hum ne dekhe ki 



hindoostanee 

other game w.e saw to-day ; 
from never being disturbed, 
they are very tame, 
let us go and look at the ce- 
lebrated mosque in the even- 
ing. 

the people and cattle seem 
to be all much fatigued to- 
day, on account of the heat. 

there is a storm coming on ; 
see that the tent-pins and 
ropes are well secured, and 
the trunks, SfC. be placed 
under the tent to leeward. 

how different a climate this 
is from that which we left 
three weeks since,the morn- 
ings are now really cold. 

before we reach our jour- 
ney's end, we shall be much 
more sensible of it ; i ob- 
served to-day a little ice on 
the water. ♦ 

what lofty building is that 
which appears on the left ? 

some people from the village 
have come to complain that 
our servants have destroyed 
a whole field of sugar-cane, 



dialogues. 109 

tu.ujjoob hue, we kubhee nu 
chherne se buhoot dheeth 
hoo,ee huen. 

sham ko chulkur oos namee 
musjid ko dekhen. 

mi^uloom hota hue ki ad- 

mee uor charpa,e gurmee 

ke subub aj buhoot mande 

hoo,e huen. 

andhee atee hue, dekho ki 

khueme kee mekhen uor 

russiyan khoob muzboot 

huen ki nuheen, uor sun- 

dooq wughueru dere kee ar 

men rukho. 

teen hufte hoo,e jo juguh 

hum ne chhoree, ooskee uor 

iskee ab o huwa men kitna 

furq hue, ub suwere waqu,ee 

surdee hue. 

akhiree munzil tuk pu- 

hoonchne ke age humen uor 

ziyadu thund lugegee, hum 

ne aj panee pur thoree burf 

dekhee. 

wooh kuon see bulund ima- 

rut hue jo ba,een turuf nu- 

zur atee hue. 

ganw se ku t ee shukhs nalish 

kurne ko a,e huen ki hu- 

mare nuokuron ne gunne 

ke tumam khet ko khurab 



110 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



and that they will not give 
its value. 

we must, to deter them in 
future, punish them severe- 
ly, besides making them pay 
a proper price, 
the groom says, the horse 
requires being shod; and 
that the back of one of the 
camels is much galled, to 
defend which his keeper 
wants a piece of blanket, 
at an average of fourteen 
miles a-day, we shall reach 
our destination in fourteen 
days, allowing two halts. 

have you sent for guides 
and watchmen from the 
town f as this country is 
notorious for thieves, and 
by giving our baggage in 
charge to these people, the 
renter of the country be- 
comes responsible for it. 
i have travelled much, and 
never yet lost any thing ex- 
cept by carelessness. 

prepare two frames for tat- 
ties for the doors of the 
tents, and let them be as 
light as possible. 



kiya hue, uor we ooskee 
qeemut nu denge. 
age oonkee ibrut ke liye cha- 
hiye ki hum oon se wajibee 
qeemut dilane ke siwa sukht 
suza den. 

su,ees kuhta hue ki ghore 
kee nuulbundee kiya cha- 
hiye, uor ek oont kee peeth 
buhoot chhil gu,ee hue, ooske 
arne ke liye shooturban ek 
kumlee mangta hue. 
hur roz surasuree sat kos 
luga kur chuoduh din men 
do muqam kurke bhee hum 
munzili muqsood ko puh- 
oonchenge. 

toom ne rahbur uor chuo- 
keedaron ko shuhr se boola 
bheja hue, kyoonki is moolk 
men ruhzunee mushhoor 
hue uor upne usbab oon lo- 
gon kee chuokee men rukh- 
ne se moolk ke amil ko ooskee 
nisha kur denee hogee. 
muen ne suer buhoot see kee, 
lekin kubhee koochh cheez 
nuheen kho ( ee, mugur ghu- 
flut se. 

khuemon ke duron ke liye 
do tuttee thath tueyar kuro, 
uor we muqdoor bhur hulke 
hon. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



Ill 



what with the dust and length 
of our march, i am to-day 
more fatigued than i have yet 
been, and my head aches vio- 
lently. 

this immense number of hin- 
doos is going to bathe in the 
ganges at such a place, it is 
their annual custom, 
to avoid expence, let us send 
the cattle into the country, 
where they can be kept at a 
much less monthly expence 
than here. 

the carts and bullocks we 
ought to sell, and reduce our 
travelling establishment of 
servants. 

see if the tents are properly 
packed up or not, after being 
well dried, and let them be put 
in some place where the rats 
may not be able to destroy 
them. 

have you paid all the people 
their wages ? take care that 
you have done so fairly, or i 
shall certainly turn you off. 



the furniture, fyc. will arrive 
by water in a few days ; in 



kya gurd se, uor kya bure 
kooch ke subub hum aj age 
se ziyadu mande hoo,e huen, 
uor humara sir buhoot hee 
dookhta hue. 

ye be-shoomar hindoo gunga 
nuhane jate huen, fulanee 
juguh oonkee hur sal yuhee 
rusm hue. 

khurch kum kurne ke 
waste char pay on ko dihat 
men bhejen, wuhan yuhan 
se khurch muheene men bu- 
hoot kum hoga. 
lazim hue ki gariyan uor 
buel bech dalen uor ziyadu 
nuokuron ko jo sufur ke 
waste rukhe gu,e the, door 
kur den. 

dekho to deron ko khoob 
sookhakur uch-ehhee turuh 
bandha hue ki nuheen, uor 
oon ko uesee juguh rukho 
ki choohe khurab nu kur 
suken. 

toom ne sub logon kee tulub 
dee hue? khuburdar yih 
toom ne moonsifee se kiya 
hue to khuer, nuheen to hum 
toomhen mooqurrur door kur 
denge. 

thore dinon men surunjam 
wughueru na,o pur a puh- 



112 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



the mean time we must manage 
with our travelling equipage. 

allow the people to rest for 
some days. 

going upon the river, 
send a person to the different 
stations where bujros, and 
other boats, generally lie; and 
should he find a convenient 
pinnace or bujro, of about 
sixteen oars, let him bring the 



oonchega, iske durmiyan 
hum ko sufuree usbab se 
kam chulana hoga. 
logon ko chund roz aram 
kurne do. 

durya pur jana. 
hur ek ghat pur admee bhe- 
jo juhan bujru uor uor na,o 
uksur ruhtee hue, uor ugur 
uch-chhee furaghut kee ek 
pinis ya bujru soluh atha- 
ruh dand ka mile to ooske 



person who has the charge of manjhee ko upne sath lawe. 
it with him. 

though barge is probably the origin of bujro, this last 
has become as much a hindoostanee word as sparrowgrass 
(asparagus) has long been an english one. with respect 
to pinis, it also is an adoption for want of any better 
term, and has already amalgamated with the hindee at 
most of the navigable streams and seas of india. 
is your boat, and are your toomharee kishtee uor toom- 



people ready to go a voyage 
of six weeks to such a place ? 

we wish to leave this in four 
days, if every thing can be 
got ready. 

take so many chairs, tables, 
fyc. on board the boat at such 
a landing-place, and desire 
the cooking boat to be brought 
there likewise. 



hare log muojood huen, ki 
fulanee juguh chhu hufte 
ke liye sufur ko jawen ? 
ugur sub cheezen tueyar ho 
suken to chahte huen kichar 
roz men hum yuhan se chu- 
len. 

itnee chuokiyan,mezen wug- 
hueru fulane ghat men na,o 
pur le jao, uor kuho ki ba- 
wurchee-khane kee kishtee 
bhee wuheen lawe. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



113 



tell the cook and steward to 
provide every thing that 
may be necessary until we 
reach such a place. 

go to the custom-house, and 
get passes for the baggage 
immediately. 

see that the boat be quite 
clean, then lay the mats, 
what is the hire of such a 
boat a month ? 
ask the boatman whether 
the river is yet open, or 
must we go by the soonder- 
bun ? this will occasion a 
material difference in the 
length of our voyage, 
at which hour does the tide 
serve to go up the river to- 
day. 

as soon as the tide serves, 
let the boat be taken above 
the shipping to such a pas- 
sage, where we will embark 
in the ev&hing. 
twohorse boats will likewise 
be necessary ; and tell the 
groom to take care that the 
boats are properly fitted up 
for receiving the horses. 

have you sent a sufficient 



bawurchee uor khansaman 
se kuho ki fulanee juguh ke 
puhoonchne tuk jo cheez 
durkar ho, so tueyar ruk- 
hen. 

puchoture kee kuchuhree 
men ja,o uor juldee usbab 
ke waste purwane lo. 
dekho ki na,o khoob saf ho 
to suf bichha t o. 
uesee kishtee ka kirayu mu- 
heene bhur ka kitna hue ? 
mullah se poochho ki moo- 
hana ub tuk khoola hue, ya 
humen soondur bun kee rah 
se jana hoga ? is se rah kee 
durazee men bum furq pu- 
rega. 

aj kis wuqt juwar hogee jo 
hum oojan jawen. 

juwar hote hee kishtee ju- 
haz buhur ke age fulane 
ghat pur lejana, wuheen 
hum sham ko suwar honge. 

ghore ke liye bhee do kish- 
tiyan chahiyen, uor sa,ees se 
kuho ki hoshyar ruhe, ki 
ghore churhane ke waste 
nawen uch-chhee turuh doo- 
roost hon. 
ghoron ke waste danu ghas 



114 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



quantity of provender on 

board for the horses f 

take care they do not get 

lamed while putting them 

into the boats. 

the wind is now fair, and 

should it continue, we shall 

reach such a place in the 

evening. 

make the people tow the 

boat round that point upon 

which the wind blows with 

violence. 

bring the boat to, opposite 

to that village, and send 

some one on shore for fruit, 

and milk to make butter of 

the boat leaks so much, she 
must bepumped twice a-day. 

endeavour to reach mr. such 
a one^s house by dinnertime 
to-day, as i am anxious to 
see him. 

let down all the curtains at 
night, the cold is very great, 
the boat is aground on this 
island of sand, and we must 
have assistance to get her off. 
the boatman says there is a 
violent north-wester coming 



jitna chahiye toom ne na,o 
pur bheja hue ? 
khuburdar kishtee pur chur- 
hane men we lungre nu ho 
ja,eri. 

huwa ubmcowafiqhue, ugur 
uesee ruhegee to sham ko 
hum fulanee jugih tuk pu- 
hoonchenge. 

cds tek ke pherne men juhan 
huwa zor se chultee hue, 
logon se kishtee ka goon 
khinchwa.o. 

cos ganw ke samhne kishtee 
luga ( o, uor kisee ko mewe 
ke liye uor muk-khun bu- 
nane ke doodh ke waste ku- 
nare pur bhejo. 
na,o men itna panee atahue, 
cose hur roz do bar seenchna 
hoga. 

aj khane ke wuqt fulane sa- 
hib ke ghur tuluk puhcon- 
chne kee koshish kuro, ky- 
oonki hum conke dekhne ke 
mcoshtaq huen. 
rat ko sub purde gira do, 
buhcot surdee hue. 
is baloo kee chur men na,o 
lug gu,ee, iske chhcorane ke 
liye hum ko mudud chahiye. 
mullah kuhta hue ki sukht 
andhee atee hue, pus puhle 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



115 



on, and that we must take 
shelter in the first creek we 
meet. 

unless all the masts are 
struck, we never can make 
any progress against so vio- 
lent a wind. 

they do not pull the oars 
with spirit; tell the boatman 
to rouse them, 
tell the servants not to smoke 
and make such a noise near 
the door of the cabin. 

the stream is now very 
strong, and unless we have 
a fair wind, we shall make 
little progress, 
are the baggage boats at 
hand f i want such a boos 
out of one of them. 

what was that fleet of boats 
loaded with, which we met 
in the morning f and where 
was it going ? 
is this boat sufficiently safe 
to go down to diamond har- 
bour and sagur in ? 
i must be on board that ship 
to-morrow evening, there- 
fore make no delay, 
take every thing out of the 
different boats, and let the 



jo kol nu zurawe, oos men 
hum ko punah lenee hogee. 

ugur sub mustool gira.e nu 
ja,en, to hum is toond huwa 
men koochh age chul nu su- 
kenge. 

we zor se dand nuheen marte 
huen; manjheese kuho ki 
oon ko zurajutake lulkare. 
nuokuron se kuho ki hooqqu 
nu peewen, uor kothree ke 
durwaze ke pas uesa shor 
nu kuren. 

ub panee buhoot turkha hue, 
uor ugur huwa moowafiq nu 
ho to age kum chul sukenge. 

usbab kee kishtiyan nuz- 
deek huen ? oonkee ek men 
se hum fulanu sundooq liya 
chahte huen. 

kishtiyon kee buhur jo fu- 
jur ko humen milee thee, 
oos men kya luda tha ? uor 
wooh kuhan jatee thee ? 
kulaguchhiye uor sagur men 
is na,o pur bekhutre ja 
sukte huen. 

kul sham ke wuqt moojh ko 
oos juhaz pur churhna hue, 
is waste der mut kuro. 
hur hur kishtee se cheezen 
ootha lo, uor logon ko kul 



i2 



116 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



people cometo meto-morrow 
when they shall be paid, 
i pass the day at such a 
gentleman's on the other 
side of the river, to-morrow ; 
have a boat ready in the 
morning, inwhichi shall re- 
turn likewise inthe evening, 
give them half the hire now, 
the remainder they shall re- 
ceive to-morrow, 
can we reach it in one flood 
or ebb tide with a fair wind? 

this is a very swift sailing 
boat indeed ; who built her ? 

there is too little ballast for 
such a quantity of sail, and 
the boatmen are not at all 
expert. 

keep to windward of that 
ship, and take care not to 
come upon her cable, or we 
shall certainly be upset. 



hunting, shooting, and 
fishing, $c. 

is there any game in this 

neighbourhood ? 

there are wild buffaloes in 



mere pas ane do tub we 
puese pawenge. 
kul ka din hum oos par fu- 
lane sahib ke yuhan ka- 
tenge ; fujur ek na ( o tueyar 
rukhna, oosee pur rauen sham 
ko bhee phir awoonga. 

oon ko ub adha kirayu do, 
baqee kul pawenge. 

jo huwa moowafiq ho to ek 
juwar ya bhatha men wuhan 
hum puhoonch sukenge. 
such ki yih kishtee khoob 
tezruo hue ; kis ne isko bu- 
naya hue ? 

uesee buree pal ke waste 
na,o men bojh kum hue, uor 
dandee mootluq chalak nu- 
heen. 

oos juhaz kee ar chhor hu- 
wa kee rookh pur ja,o, uor 
khuburdar kuheen nao ooske 
russe pur nu awe, nuheen 
to beshuk hum oolut pu- 
renge. 

shikar kurna, goleechulana, 
uor muchhlee marna 
wughueru. 
is gird o nuwah men ko,ee 
shikar hue ? 
urne to buhoot huen, uor 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



117 



abundance, a few tigers, 
and all kinds of deer and 
smaller game, 
in every field there are part- 
ridges and quails, and that 
swamp is full of snipes and 
water fowl. 

clean all the fowling pieces 
well, and put up a few bul- 
lets for the large guns, and 
put in newjlints. 

when it gets cool towards 
the evening, we shall go to 
that wood; perhaps we may 
see something or other, 
call some of the villagers to 
shew the usual haunts of 
the game. 

he says there are two wild 
buffaloes behind that copse, 
and by going this way, we 
can get within shot of them, 
without being perceived. 

do you Jive at the one to- 
wards the left, i shall take 
the other ; you have hit, and 
i have missed, 
your ball has struck him in 
the shoulder ; the other i be- 
lieve is wounded likewise. 



ku ( ee slier bhee, uor hur tu- 
ruh ke hirun, uor chhote 
chhote shikar, 
hur ek khet men teetur 
uor buteren huen, uor wooh 
jheel chuhiyon uor moor- 
ghabiyon se bhuree hue. 
sub bundooqen uchhee tu- 
ruh saf kuro, uor koochh 
goliyan buree bundooqonke 
liye rukho uor nu,ee puthri- 
yaii bhee luga,o. 
jub sham ko koochh thund- 
ha ho, tub hum oos jungul 
men ja,enge; shay ud koochh 
nu koochh nuzur awe. 
ku r ee gunwaron ko boola,o, 
ki dikha den juhan uksur 
shikar ruhte huen. 
wooh kuhta hue ki oos jhar 
ke peechhe do urne huen 
uor is rah se jane men hum 
oon kee ankh buchakur oon- 
Jien golee ke pulle pur pa- 
wen ge. 

toom baeen turuf ek pur 
golee chula,o, muen doosre 
pur, toom ne nishana mara 
hue; uor muen chookahoon. 
toomharee golee ooske kand- 
he pur lugee hue ; muen su- 
mujhta hoon ki wooh doosra 
bhee zukhmee hoo.a hue. 



118 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



how many snipes have you 
killed ¥ 

if you can swim, bring out 
that duck and those two 
geese; the duck has dived, 
but will soon appear again. 



give me a little small shot 
and arturn-screw ; this pow- 
der is damp, dry it in the 
sun. 

you cannot shoot flying as 
we do; he can bring down 
that swallow, though it flies 
so swiftly* 



at what distance can you 
do execution with that gun? 

we shall go a hog-hunting 
to-morrow morning in such 
a plain, where we are told 
they are numerous. 

this horse is not sufficiently 
bold to allow him to come 
near a hog; however, i 
speared two, one of which 
charged me violently, and 
slightly wounded my horse 
in the flank. 



kitnee chuhiyan toom ne 
mareen? 

ugur toom puer sukte ho to 
oos moorghabee ko uor oon 
donon hanson ko la,o, moor- 
ghabee doob gu,ee hue, le- 
kin phir wooh ubhee nuzur 
awegee. 

thore se chhurre mcojhe do, 
uor pechkush, is baroot 
men surdee puhoonchee hue, 
zura dhoop dikhao. 
hum juese oorte janwur ko 
marte huen toom wuesa nu- 
heen mar sukte ho, wooh oos 
ubabeel ko neeche gira suk- 
ta hue ugurchi wooh uesee 
tez purwaz hue. 
oos bundooq se toom kitnee 
door ka nishanu luga sukte 
ho? 

kul fujur hum bunuele ke 
shikar kurne ko fulane mue- 
dan men jawenge, hum ne 
soona hue ki wuhan buhoot 
huen. 

is ghore ko itnee himmut 
nuheen ki oosko kisee bu- 
nuele ke pas leja.e, lekin 
muen ne do bunuele ko 
burchhee maree oon men se 
ek ne moojh pur sukht hum- 
lu kiya, uor mere ghore 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



119 



we had a delightful chase 
after ajackall, over a beau- 
tiful country; it, however, 
escaped, let loose the dogs 
at that hare. 

try if your horse can take 
that leap, which his took 
so easily. 

this is bad hunting ground, 
it is so uneven and full of 
holes. 

set some snares here for 
catching hares and part- 
ridges, 

here is a peacocks nest, 
with a number of eggs in 
it; the hen ran into that 
bush. 

i heard the wildfowl crow- 
ing this morning, quite 
close to the tent, 
send the fowler into the 
wood to ^endeavour to kill 
one or two, or any thing 
he may see. 

do you think there is game 
here, or any beasts of prey? 

what sort? 

is the ground good? 



kee bughul men koochh 
zukhm puhoonchaya. 
hum neuch-chhee turuh ek 
muedan hokur ek geedur 
ko khoob rugeda, lekin wooh 
buck guya. kootton ko oos 
khurgosh pur chhor do. 
dekho to toomhara ghora 
wuhan uesa phand sukta 
hue ki nuheen, juesa ki oos- 
ka ghora suhuj men phanda. 
yih shikar kee juguh booree 
hue, uesee beehur hue uor 
gurhon se bhuree. 
khurgoshon uor teeturon ke 
pukurne ko yuhan koee 
phanda luga ( o. 
yuhan mor ka ek busera 
hue uor oos men buhoot se 
unde huen; madu oos jun- 
gul men duoree gu,ee. 
aj fujur ke wuqt junglee 
moorgh kee awaz tumboo 
ke pas muen ne soonee hue. 
chireemar ko oos jungul men 
bhejo ki do ek moorgh ya 
uor jo koochh nuzur awe, 
marne ka qusd kure. 
toom jante ho ki yuhan shi- 
kar hue ya ko,ee durundu 
janwur. 
kis turih ka? 
wooh zumeen uch-chhee hue ? 



120 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



are the fields covered with 
stubble strong enough to 
hurt the horses' 1 feet? 
where is the most game? 
take people and beat all the 
bushes well, 
do not make a noise, 
keep close there, i see a 
tiger near yon bush. 

silence! not a word, 
bring my gun, pistol, sword, 
spear. 

take a good aim, do not be 
confused, but lodge the ball 
in the tiger's head, or we 
are all dead men. 
keep out of the way. 
where are you running ? 
slip the dogs, 
call off the dogs, 
why do you fire in that care- 
less way? you will wound 
the country people. 

load again. 

bring small shot, powder, 
ball, paper, Jlint. 
have you brought the fish- 
ing apparatus with you? 
i am told there are some 
good stations for fishing 
near this. 



khet uesee sukht khoonti- 

yon se bhure hoo,e huen ki 

ghore ke panw men chooben. 

buhoot shikar kuhan hue? 

logon ko sath lo uor jungul 

uch-chhee turuh iharo. 
i •• • t/i « 

shor mut kuro. 
wuhan chhipe ruho oos jha- 
ree ke pas ek sher nuzur 
ata hue. 

choop ruho ! bat nu kuho. 
meree bundooq, tubunchu, 
tulwar, bhur-chhee, la,o. 
uch-chhee shust lena, ghu- 
bra ( o mut, pur golee sher 
ke sir men maro, nuheen to 
hum sub moo ( e. 
kunare ruho. 
kuhan bhage jate ho? 
kootton ko chhor do. 
kootton ko boola lo. 
kyoon toom oos turuh be 
khubur bundooq chulate 
hp? toom gunwaron ko gha.il 
kuroge. 
phir bhuro. 

chhurre, baroot, golee, ni- 
walu, puthree, la,o. 
muchhlee marne ka usbab 
toom upne sath la ( e ho? 
muen ne soona hue ki much- 
hlee marne ke ku,ee uch- 
chhe thikane pas hee huen. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



121 



what bait do you generally 
use? this rod is too slen- 
der for fishing with in this 
river. 

how much the hook is bent 
by pulling out that large 
fish I you ought to put a 
weight on the line to make 
it sink. 

this is like an eel, which 

is a common fish in this 

country. 

throw the net in that pooL 

call these fishermen and the 

huntsmen to assist you. 

are there good fish in this 
river, tank, lake? 

how do you catch them? 

send me some baits, a fish- 
ing rod, line, hook, net. 
how do you know when the 
fish bites ? • 
i look at the floater, 
what is the best bait? 

knock the flsh on the head 
at once to put it out of pain, 
have you caught many 
fishes ? 



kuon sa charu toom uksur 
dete ho? is nuddee men 
muchhlee marne ke liye yih 
bunsee buhoot bareek hue, 
is buree muchhlee ke khu- 
enchne men dekho kanta 
kitna terha hoguya ! chahiye 
ki koochh bharee cheez do- 
ree men bandh do ki doob 

j a , e - 

yih bam kee manund hue, 

jo is moolk men uksur hue. 

cos duh men jal phenko. 
in muchhoowon uor shika- 
riyon ko boola,o, ki toom- 
haree mudud kuren. 
uch-chhee muchhliyan is 
nuddee, talab, jheel, men 
huen ? 

toom oon ko kyoonkur pu- 
kurte ho ? 

koochh chara, bunsee, kanta, 
doree, jal mere liye bhej do. 
toom kyoonkur jante ho jub 
muchhlee khatee hue? 
muentunder kodekhtahoon. 
sub se uch-chha chara kuon 
sa hue? 

ek bargee muchhlee ke sir 
men maro ki dookh se buche. 
toom ne buhoot see muchh- 
liyan pukreen huen? 



122 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



are these you have caught 
very good eating? 

will you sell them? 

cornel here is a present for 

you ; now give me every fish 

you have, 

do you hawk much in this 

country ? 

what birds and beasts do 

the hawks generally catch? 

have you a great variety of 
hawks, falcons, SfC. ? 

mention their names, pro- 
perties, and ordinary prices, 
how are they fed ? 

who has the care of them ? 

when and how are they 

trained ? 

are they faithful to their 

keepers, owners ? 

do they live long ? 

how do they go after their 

prey ? 

is there much sport with 

this mode of hunting ? 

where and among whom is 

hawking most in use ? 



ye muchhliyan jo toomne 

pukreen, khane men uch- 

chhee huen? 

toom oon ko bechoge? 

a,o yih toomhare waste inam 

hue, ub jitnee mucbhlee 

toomhare pas hue moojhe do. 

toom is moolk men baz ka 

shikar buhoot khelte ho ? 

baz uksur kin kin chiriyon 

uor janwuron ko pukurtee 

hue ? 

toomhare pas uksur turuh ke 

shikaree janwur, misli baz, 

shikru wughueru huen ? 

oon ke nam, khuwass uor 

chulnee qeemut buta,o. 

oon ko kyoonkur khilate 

huen ? 

kuon oon kee khuburdaree 

kurta hue ? 

kub uor kyoonkur oonhen 

sudhate huen ? 

we upne malikon, uor palne- 

walonke sathwufadar huen? 

we buhoot din buchte huen ? 

we upne shikar ka peechha 

kyoonkur kurte huen ? 

is turuh ke shikar men kya 

buhoot tumashe huen ? 

kuhan uor kin ke yuhan 

baz ka shikar khelna moo- 

ruwwuj hue ? 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



123 



are the hawks ever killed or shikar khelne men baz kub- 

torn up in the sport ? hee maree jatee hue ya 

zukhmee hotee hue ? 

how do people preserve them log conhen kyoonkur bu- 

from accidents ? la.on se buchate huen ? 

do they bite or scratch peo- we kya logon ko chonch ya 

pie much ? punju marte huen ? 

are they subject to diseases, oon ko uksur murz hota hue 

and have they any particu- uor oon ke waste ko,ee khass 

lar diet or medicines admi- khorak ya duwa hue ? 
nistered to them ? 

swimming. puerna. 

can you swim well ? toom uch-chhapuer sukte ho? 

is it very difficult to swim ? puerna kya buhoot mooshkil 

hue ? 

i swim every morning very muen hur roz noor ke turke 

early. puerta hoon. 

if you cannot swim, why do ugur toom puernu heen suk- 

you venture out of your teho, toguhremenjanekee 

depth % kyoon j oor-ut kiy a kurte ho ? 

how did you learn to swim ? toom ne puerna kis turuh 

seekha hue ? 

suppose the pots were to jo ghure toot ja,en to kya 

break, what then f ho. 

can you swim across this toom puer kur is nuddee ke 

river f par ja sukte ho ? 

make or procure a raft, if ugur nuheen sukte ho to ek 

you cannot. bera buna,o ya munga.o. 

are you not afraid of alii- toom panee men mugur, uor 

gators, and water snakes, punihe samp se nuheen dur- 

in the water 9 te ? 



124 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



the wound by the snake is 
very dangerous, 
are there many in the river? 
do you ever swim on your 
back ? 

i could once dive, but i can- 
not now. 

it is not easy to swim 
against the stream, 
if tired, float on your back 
down with the stream, 
they cannot swim so far. 

most animals but man swim 
naturally. 

gardening, 
i wish to make a kitchen 
garden of this ground ; get 
Jive or siw labourers to clear 
it out, and to cut down this 
underwood. 

go to mr. such a one^s, and 
his gardener will give you 
so many seeds and plants, 
which you must plant im- 
mediately. 

here are all kinds of seeds, 
and quite fresh ; it will be 
your fault should they not 
grow. 



samp ke dusne se bura khu- 
tru hue. 

durya men kya buhoot huen? 
toom kubhee chit puerte ho ? 

muen kisee wuqt doobkee 

mar sukta tha, lekin ub nu- 

heen sukta hoori. 

puerkur oojan jana koochh 

suhuj nuheen. 

ugur thuke ho to luhur ke 

sath chit puero. 

we itnee door puer nuheen 

sukte. 

admee ke siwa uksur janwur 

ap se puerte huen. 

bagh bunana. 
is zumeen men muen tur- 
kariyan boya chahta hoon, 
panch ya chhu muzdooron 
ko boola.o ki oose saf kur 
den, uor is jharee ko turash- 
dalen. 

fulane sahib ke yuhan ja,o, 
con ka malee toom ko is qu- 
dur tookhm uor durukht 
dega, oonhen juldee luga.o 
ya boo. 

yih hur turuh ke beej huen 
uor nihayut taze ; ugur we 
nu oogen to toomhara qoo- 
soor hoga. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



125 



along that wall, plant a row 
of plantain trees, and the 
pupeeha miwed with them, 
put up something to shelter 
these plants for a few days 
from the sun. 
do you water them all, morn- 
ing and evening $ 
i see vegetables of many 
kinds ready in other gen- 
tlemen's gardens ; how hap- 
pens it every thing is so 
backward here ? 

see how these beds are over- 
run with weeds ; why do 
you not clean them ? 

where is the china fruit 
tree i sent here yesterday ? 
plant it in a shady place. 

do not sow the europe seeds 
till newt month, when the 
rains are nearly over, 
none of the seeds we had 
last season have come up. 

send him a good basket of 

all kinds of vegetables every 

day. 

plant the rose bushes, and 



oos deewar ke burabur, ek 

qutar kelon kee luga,o uor 

pupeeha bhee ooske sath. 

in birwon pur chund roz 

dhoop se buchane ke liye 

koochh khura kuro. 

soobh o sham toom oon pur 

panee seenchte ho ? 

hum dekhte huen ki uor 

uor sahibon ke bagh men 

uqsam turkariyan hoo.een 

huen, yih kyoonkur hue ki 

yuhan sub cheezen itnee 

puchhuetee huen. 

dekho ye sub kyariyan ghas 

se kuesee bhur gu : ee huen, 

oonhen saf kyoon nuheen 

kurte ? 

cheen ke mewe ka durukht 

kuhan hue jo hum ne kul 

yuhan bheja tha ? oose ot 

men luga,o. 

wilayuteebeejugle muheene 

tuk mut bona ki tub bursat 

tumam hone pur hogee. 

jo beej hum ko gu,e sal mile 

the, oos men se koochh nu 

ooga. 

hurToz hur qism kee tur- 

kariyon kee ek dalee oosko 

bheja kuro. 

ruste kee donon turuf goolab 



126 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



other shrubs, along the road 

on each side, and between each 

a flower. 

what seeds have you sown in 

these beds ? 

do not mix the country flower 

seeds with those i gave you. 

these aromatic shrubs plant as 
near the house as possible. 

make up a nosegay every 
morning, of whatever flowers 
may be in season, and bring 
it to me, 

make a light frame of bam- 
boos, and fix it to that wall, 
but let it be so high, that when 
the creepers, which i mean to 
plant there in the rains, grow 
up, they may conceal these huts. 

is this a fruit-bearing tree, 
or a flowering one ? 
the rains have washed the gra- 
vel off the walks ; send for 
some more, and after spread- 
ing it, press it well down with 
the rolling stone, 
that beautiful flower you have 
nearly allowed to be choked by 
weeds from your negligence. 



uor uor per luga,o, uor hur 
ek ke beech men ek ek 
phool. 

in kyariyon men toom ne 
kuon se beej bo,e huen ? 
desee phoolon ke beej oon se 
mut mila,o, jo hum ne diye 
huen. 

ye khooshboo durukht muq- 
door bhur ghur ke nuzdeek 
luga r o. 

jis muosim men jo phoo 
ho, ooska hur roz suwere 
ek gooldustu bunakur mere 
waste lana. 

bans ka ek hulka thath bu- 
nakur is deewar se luga do, 
lekin itna ooncha ho ki jin 
belon ko bursat men lugane 
ka iradu hue, we jub oogen 
to in jhompron ko nuzur se 
chhipawen. 

yih phuldar durukht hue, 
ya phool ka ? 

ruwish ke kunkur panee se 
dhogu.e huen, uor thora 
mungwa,o, uor oose dalne ke 
bu,ud put-thur se uch-chhee 
turuh duba,o. 

wooh khoobsoorut phool te- 
ree ghuflut se ghas men dub 
jane pur hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



127 



is this plant an annual, bien- 
nial, or perennial? ek salu 
dosalu ya pa,e dar. 
is it indigenous or foreign ? 

from such a quantity of roses, 
we might distil some rose water, 
these parterres are not pro- 
perly dressed, nor are the 
edges of the walks kept clean 
and neat. 

how happens it that the water 
in the pond is so dirty, and 
has always so thick a scum 
upon it f 

the water must be drained off 
entirely, to allow it to be pro- 
perly cleaned. 

put so many fish into the pond, 
and feed them occasionally. 

you must not allow these deer 
nor goats to get into either 
the kitchen or flower garden, 
the gardener wants a watering 
pan,andsome hoes and spades, 
prune these trees in the proper 
season, and ingraft some like- 
wise, 

where are the cuttings of the 
trees from such a gentleman's 
garden $ see that you have set 



yih puodha (ek bums tuk 

ya do burus tuk ya burson) 

ruhta hue ? 

yih desee hue ya ghuer 

moolk ka ? 

itne phoolon se hum koochh 

goolab choowa sukenge. 

ye chumun nu uch-chhee 

turuh arastu hoo.a nu ru- 

wishon ke kunare saf o doo- 

roost rukhe gu,e. 

yih kyoonkur hue ki is talab 

ka panee uesa gudla hoo,a, 

uor humeshu oos pur uesee 

garhee ka,ee jumtee hue ? 

panee bilkooll seenchna ho- 

ga, ki yih bukhoobee saf ho. 

talab men itnee muchhliyan 
dalo uor oonhen kubhee kub- 
hee chara diya kuro. 
in hirnon ya bukriyon ko 
turkariyon ke khet ya phool 
waree men ane nu dena. 
ek lot, ku,ee koodalee uor 
belchu malee mangta hue. 
in durukhton ko bur wuqt 
turasho, uor bu ( uzi men 
puewund bhee kuro. 
fulane sahib ke bagh ke du- 
rukhton kee qulumen kuhan 
hue ? dekho ki oonko saye 



128 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



them in the shade and in a 
moist place. 

do you know the proper sea- 
sons in which these ought 
to be successively sown ? 
he is a good botanist, and 
is besides well acquainted 
with the virtues of various 
plants. 

that flower i observe gene- 
rally blows at night, and 
this in the morning, 
when will that fruit be ripe ; 
cannot you force it ? 

when forced it loses all its 
flavour, being a very deli- 
cate fruit. 

the vegetables you raise are 
very insipid; i do not believe 
you manage them properly. 



plant the shrubs regularly, 
and do not put all of the 
same kind together, 
bring jive or six mowers to- 
morrow or next day, and 
let them mow the grass in 
front and rear of the house, 
and this continue to do once 
in ten days until the rains 
are over. 



men uor murtoob jugih men 
rukha hue ki nuheen. 
toom jante ho kis kis muo- 
sim men inko puehum bona 
zuroor hue ? 

wooh ilmi nubatat se khoob 
waqif hue, uor siwa,e iske 
uqsam durukhton kee kha- 
siyut se agah hue. 
muen dekhta hoon ki wooh 
phool uksur rat hee ko phool- 
ta hue, uor yih fujur ko. 
wooh pnul kub pukega ; kya 
toom oose pal men puka nu- 
heen sukte ? 

jo yihmewu palmenpukaya 
jawe to luzzut jatee ruhtee 
hue, kyoonki yih nazook hue. 
jo turkariyan toom pueda 
kurte ho, buhoot be-muze 
huen ; muen sumujhta hoon 
ki toom uch-chhee tur uh tud- 
beer nuheen kurte. 
puodhon ko ba-turteeb lu- 
ga,o, uor sub ek qism se pas 
pas nu ho. 

kul ya purson panch ya 
chhu ghusyare la,o ki ghur 
kesamhneuorpichhware kee 
ghas turashen uor jub tuk 
bursat nu ho chooke isee tu- 
ruh duswen din kiya kuro. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 129 



roll it every day, and en- 
deavour to make it smooth 
and neat. 

these two large trees i wish 
to have rooted out entirely, 
and all these inequalities 
levelled, and include so 
much of the field in the 
garden. 

which is the quickest grow- 
ing tree in this country? 
and at the same time pretty 
looking. 

plant a hedge along the 
four sides of the pond, and 
clip it often, so that it may 
grow thick. 

a lady and tailor, 
this gown does not fit me at 
all; see how wide it is in 
the waist, and how shape- 
less this sleeve is. 

the sleeves besides are much 

too long, they should only 

reach the elbow, make them 

sit smooth and becomingly 

on the arms, make the train 

large. 

shall i take in the waist a 

little ? 

do so by opening the seam 

you formerly made. 



hur roz belun phero uor 
koshish kuro ki saf uor bu- 
rabur ruhe. 

muen chahta hoon ki ye 
demon bure durukht jur se 
ookhare jawen, uor yih ni- 
sheb o furaz burabur hon, 
uor muedan kee itnee zu- 
meen bagh ke shamil kuro. 
is moolk men kuon durukht 
buhoot juld burhta hue? uor 
dekhne men bhee khoob 
soorut. 

talab kee charon turuf barh 
luga,o uor uksur turasha 
kuro ta ki khoob ghuna ho. 

beebee uor durzee. 
yih peshwaz mootluq moojh 
ko phubtee nuheen ; dekho 
kumur men kitnee dheelee 
hue, uor yih asteen kya 
bedhub hue. 

siwa,e iske asteenen nihayut 
lumbee huen, chahiye ki 
sirf kohnee tuk hon uor su- 
fa,ee uor soothra,ee se hath 
men awen, damun lumba 
kuro. 

kumur ko uor thora tung 
kuroonga ? 

age kee seewun kholkur 
uesa kuro. 



130 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



let me put on the gown 
again, and you will see 
what alterations it requires, 
the shoulder piece is very 
tight, and below too wide, 
can you let it out without 
making a new seam f 
it sets very well upon the 
breast, but make the plaits 
smaller. 

have you hemmed the bot- 
tom all round yet f 
how many yards of muslin 
will it require to make two 
such gowns? measure it 
before me, and tell me. 
with a small train and 
plaited body it will take so 
much, and with a large 
train one yard and a half 
more. 

bring me three or four 
pieces of fine muslin and 
silk to-morrow to look at, 
something like this pattern, 
make me another bed-goivn 
like this, but rather ivider. 

go to such a tailor, and 
make me a cap exactly like 
that he is now making for 
his mistress. 



peshwazmuen phir puhnoon 
tub dekhoge kya budulna 
hoga. 

kandha buhoot tung hue, 
uor neeche ziyadu chuora. 
bidoon nu,ee seewun ke toom 
ise dheela kur sukte ho ? 
chhatee men burabur atee 
hue, lekin cheen is se chho- 
tee kuro. 

toom necharon kunaron men 
ub tuluk umul puttee see ? 
uesee do peshwazen bunane 
ko kue guz mulmul chahi- 
yen ? samhne isko napkur 
moojh se kuho. 
chhote damun uor cheendar 
cholhe men itna lugega, uor 
lumbe damun men derh guz 
ziyadu. 

kul teen char than mulmul 
uorreshmeekupre kekoochh 
isee numoone ke moowafiq 
la,o muen dekhoongee. 
isee turuh uor ekshubkhwa- 
bee peshwaz mere waste bu- 
na^, lekin is se dheelee ho. 
fulane durzee ke pas ja,o, 
uor j uesee topee wooh upnee 
beebee sahib ke waste ub 
bunata hue wuesee hee ek 
mere waste bhee buna.o. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



131 



how many such handker- 
chiefs can you hem in a 
day ? i want them quickly. 

take a very small needle, and 
darn this so that it cannot 
be observed. 

where is the lace for my 
tucker? sew it on carefully. 

fix this 'plume of feathers, 
and this knot of ribbons, in 
front of my straw hat, as 
neatly as you can. 

slightly stitch this wreath 
of flowers round that cap, 
in this manner, 
you have not copied the pat- 
tern in making this petti- 
coat, it is by much too wide, 
below particularly, 
you must have this done by 
dressing time in the evening. 

a lady and* other servants. 

call me always at such an 
hour in the morning, 
what clothes will you put 
on this morning ? 
the blue riding-habit and 



ek din men toom uese kitne 
roomal umulputtee see suk- 
te ho ? oonhen juldee muen 
chahtee hoon. 

ek buhoot bareek soo.ee lo 
uor ise is turuh rufoo kuro 
ki mu,uloom nu ho. 
choonut ke liye kinaree ku- 
han hue ? cose is pur khu- 
burdaree se tanko. 
puron kee yih kulghee uor 
reshmee qor ka yih pech 
uch-chhee turuh iuesa toom 
se ho suke is ghas kee topee 
ke samhne men luga,o. 
phoolon ka yih har oos topee 
ke gird is turuh soobook 
tanko. 

toom ne is luhnge ko nu- 
moone ke mootabiq nuheen 
bunaya, khoosoos neechebu- 
hoot gher hue. 
chahiye ki sham ko kupre 
puhunne ke wuqt toom ise 
tueyar rukho. 

beebee uor oonke uor 
nuokur. 
fujur ko humeshu fulane 
wuqt moojhe jugaya kuro. 
kuon se kupre toom aj fujur 
ko puhnogee ? 
suwaree kee neelee poshak 



132 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



hat, it is very cold to-day. 

give me a pair of leather 
shoes just now, make haste, 
as i tvish to go out before 
the sun becomes hot 

bring water to wash my 
hands and face, 
lay my pocket handkerchief 
and gloves on the table, and 
call the other waiting-maid, 
is the carriage at the door? 
pull off this habit, it is too 
heavy, and give me a light 
dress. 

tell the hair dresser to come 
in the evening at such an 
hour, to cut my hair. 
i shall wear the new gown 
the tailor finished yester- 
day, in the evening, have it 
ready, as i go out early. 

you have not half pounded 
this charcoal, make it more 
fine, 
where are my silk shoes ? 

tell the tailor to sew this 
fringe on the petticoat 
quickly. 



uor topee, aj buhoot surdee 
hue. 

ek jora chumre ka joota 
moojhe ubhee do, juldee 
kuro, kyoonki aftab gurm 
hone ke age muen bahur 
jaya chahtee hoon. 
jnoonh hath dhone ka pa- 
nee la,o. 

mera roomal uor dustane 
mez pur rukho, uor doosree 
da,ee ko boola,o. 
garee durwaze pur hue ? 
yih poshak ootaro, buhoot 
bharee hue, hulka libas do. 

balbur se kuho ki sham ke 
wuqt fulanee sa,ut mere bal 
kuturne ko awe. 
durzee ne jo nu,ee peshwaz 
kul tueyar kee hue, so sham 
ko muen puhnoongee, oose 
tueyar rukhna ki muen jul- 
dee bahur ja,oongee. 
is ko,ele ko toom ne udh 
pisa bhee nuheen kiya, ise 
uor ziyadu miheen kuro. 
meree reshmee jootee kuhan 
hue? 

durzee se kuho kiis jhalur ko 
peshwaz men juld tank de. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



133 



take four rows of the pearl 
necklace, and the diamond 
ear-rings, out of the drawer, 
lay my fan, gloves, and 
smelling-bottle on the table. 

hand me those rings and 

the pearl pin. 

have the children had their 

dinner yet? call the nurse, 

and let her bring the child 

with her. 

well! has the child slept 

any this forenoon? you 

must always put it to sleep 

at such an hour. 

bathe them all regularly 

every morning. 

who makes the child cry so 

much? have more patience, 

and be more gentle with it. 

take them out an airing in 
the little carriage, morning 
and evening, into the fields, 
and if they wish to run 
about, allow them, 
bring those playthings i 
bought to-day for the chil- 
dren. 

if the weather permit, % will 
take them out in the carri- 
age to the race course. 



chuo lure motiyon ke, uor 

heere ke lutkun, khane men 

se nikalo. 

meree punkhiya, dustane, 

uor khooshbo kee sheesheo 

mez pur rukho. 

we ungoothiyan uor motee 

jura hoo t a kanta moojhe do. 

lurke ub tuk khana kha 

chooke huen ? da,ee ko boola,o 

uor kuho ki lurke ko upne 

sath lawe. 

kyoon! do puhur ke age 

lurka koochh soya tha, fu- 

lane wuqt toom humeshu 

isko soolaya kuro. 

hur roz fujur ko oonhen 

nuhlana. 

lurke ko kuon itna roolata 

hue? ziyadu burdasht kuro 

uor oos se uor bhee nurmee 

kuro. 

oonhen hur soobh o sham 

chhotee garee purmuedan 

men suer ko le jaya kuro, 

ugur we duora chahen to 

duorne deejo, 

lurkon kee khatir jo khi- 

luone aj muen ne mol liye 

huen so la,o. 

ugur soobihta ho to muen 

con ko garee pur ghoorduor 

tuk le ja,oongee. 



134 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



have breakfast ready at 
such an hour, whether i be 
returned or not. 
get my palkee ready, i am 
going to make some visits. 

send a footman to inquire 

whether mrs. be at home 

and disengaged; should she 
be at home, give her my 
compliments, and tell her 
that i am just coming to 
see her. 
a revenue or other civil 
officer, 
pray, my friend, are you 
somewhat versed in the re- 
venue department? 
what do you call a lease, 
and its counterpart what? 
have you any other names 
for the rate or rent adjust- 
ment of lands? 
sliould you not recollect 
another word for the rate; 
you can explain the nature 
of it in detail? 
do the farmers pay the re- 
venue by instalments to go- 
vernment, or in the gross? 

does this species of revenue 



fulanee sa ( ut hazree tueyar 
kurna, khwah muen phira- 
,oon khwah nu. 
palkee tueyar kuro, muen 
kisee kee moolaqat ko jatee 
boon. 

pyade ko bhejo ki poochhe 
fulanee beebee (sahib) ghur 
men ukelee huen ki nuheen, 
ugur hon to oon se mera su- 
lam kuhe, uor zahir kure 
ki beebee (sahib) ubhee ap 
kee moolaqat ko atee huen. 
surishtedar ya uhli kar 
moolkee. 
kyoon jee toom malgoozaree 
ke kam se koochh waqif ho? 

putta kis ko kulrte huen uor 
qubooliyut kya hue? 
rue uor rue-bundee ka uor 
ko,ee nam hue? 

rue ke burabur jo uor ko ( ee 
nam yad nu ho tuo oos ka 
uhwal buy an war kuho? 

malgoozar jo huen so qist- 

bundee pur surkaree muh- 

sool puhoonchate huen ya 

ekuthan? 

is turuh ka khiraj uksur 



commonly come in before, 
or during, or after the crop f 
does free land? or that not 
assessed, pay any thing at 
all to government, or not, 
by way of acknowledgment? 



who formerly settled the as- 
sessment of the several dis- 
tricts? 

pray tell me at full length 
the true state of what are 
called shikumee portions of 
a village or farm? 
in what respects do the 
country register and town 
or village clerk differ? 
is any paper called a deed 
of abdication or rejection, 
and what does it imply? 
in these days ivhen consta- 
bles are put over any land- 
holder, is dunage exacted 
or not, and to what amount? 
in the country, does the con- 
tracting farmer or land- 
holder receive the suste- 
nance money? 

what is the name of the 
paper which contains an 
account of the tanks, or- 
chards, boundaries, &?c. of 



hindoostanee dialogues. 135 

fusl ke age, beech men ya 
peechhe puhoonchta hue? 
mu.afee yuune lakhirajee 
zumeen se koochh bhee hoo- 
zoor men dakhil hota hue 
ya nuheen, peshkush ya ta- 
buidaree kee roo se? 
purgunon kee tushkhees age 
kuon kurta tha? 



usul huqeequt oon gan won 
ya chukon kee jin men 
koochh shikumee hue, mooj he 
buyanwar kuho to. 
qanoongo uor putwareefurq 
hue men kya. 

kisee kaghuz putturka nam 
baz-namu hue, uor oos kee 
muunee kya? 

dur een wila jud kisee zu- 
meendar pur moohussil chh- 
ootte huen, tulubanu lugta 
hue ki nuheen, uo kis qudr? 
moofussul men moostajir ko 
nankar miltee hue ki zu- 
meendar ko ? 

jis kaghuz men kisee ganw 
kee zumeen, talab, baghat, 
siwanu wughuere ka uhwal 
likha hoo,a ho to is ka kya 



136 hindoostanee dialogues. 

any village? they call it namhuePmoowazinuyaruq- 
moowazinu, or boundary bu-bundee kuhlate huen. 
sketch. 

when the student has sufficient command of language 
to commence colloquist with his secretary, native teacher, 
or moonshee, after mastering the specimen exhibited here, 
he should try his own hand, or tongue rather, in the form- 
ation of sentences ad libitum, a purpose for which he 
will find the large collection of technical terms in grammar 
admirably calculated, provided he keep clear at first 
starting of logical disputes, wherever the philologers of 
the east are as opposite in their ideas on this theme from 
those of the west, as the rising and the setting sun ; for 
the learner will assuredly find, through time and perse- 
verance, that both he and his instructor are after the 
self-same object, only a little disguised by accidental posi- 
tion or name, for instance, preposition and postposition 
are but particles, whose actual meaning is not affected 
at all by their station, however preposterous; and what 
we call the substantive verb or copula, loses none of 
its existing attributes, by passing among the oriental- 
ists, under the appellation of hurf letter, particle, or 
adverb; why then contest this point with them, as the 
tyro may thus lose the substance, on which rapid progress 
may rest, while vainly hunting after those shadows that 
nobody, except an expert logician, can comprehend, if 
they do not, in the long run, elude even his comprehen- 
sive grasp, after this warning, if a new scholar will chop 
logic prematurely with his moonshee, he may realize la- 
bour for his pains, and lose both his temper and teacher 
into the bargain. 

studying with a moonshee. mootali^u kurna. 

pray, sir, in your opinion, kuho sahib, toomharee da- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



137 



whether is the hindoostanee 
or persian language the 
most difficult? 
as to the difficulty of the 
hindee there can be no 
doubt, but it is more neces- 
sary than the persian ; we 
therefore are striving to 
learn it. can you teach us f 
do say, in your idea, for 
the person who has trans- 
actions of all sorts, with 
both the high and the low, 
throughout hindoostan — of 
these two languages, vi%. 
the hindoostanee and per- 
sian, which is the most re- 



in regard to the mere arabic 
and persian words which oc- 
cur in the mixed languages, 
they are not so very diffi- 
cult; but the masculine and 
the feminine, with the discri- 
mination of pronunciation 
in the pure hinduwee, to 
learn them is so arduous a 
task, that no one as yet 
hath properly acquired it, 
nay, never will, for per- 
fection in science or lan- 
guages is like an enchanted 
bird, which the more one 



nist men hindee zuban ki 
farsee kuonsee ziyadu moosh- 
kil hue? 

hindee ke ishkal men koochh 
shoobuh nuheen, lekin far- 
see se ziyadu durkar, isee 
waste hum muqdoor bhur 
seekhte huen. toom hum ko 
sikhla sukoge? 
bhula toomhare khiyal men 
kuho to ros shukhs ke waste 
jo mro,amilu ya surokar 
rukhta hue, kya awam kya 
khuwas se, hindoostan bhur 
men, in dono zubanon men 
se, yuune farsee uor hindee 
kuonsee poorzuroor hue ? 

sirf farsee uor urubee ulfaz 
jo rekhte men shamil huen, 
oon ko jo poochho tuo chun- 
dan dooshwar nuheen, pur 
tanees uor tuzkeer bumui 
tumeezi tuluffooz thenth hin- 
duwee ko duryaft kurna, 
yihan tuk sunglakh hue jo 
aj tuk kisee se bu khoobee 
hasil nu hoo ( a uor nuhoga, 
kyoon kur ki muharut ilmee 
ya zubanee goya ek tilis- 
mee chiriya hue ki jyoon 
jyoon ko,ee rose pukra chahe 
tyoon tyoon wroh kafir hath 



138 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



tries to catch, the farther 
that irnpjlies from him. 
in acquiring the hindoo- 
stanee tongue, what is your 
advice, speak candidly, that 
i may learn the language 
accordingly, and remain 
eternally obliged to you on 
that account. 

what does this word signify ? 
put it in a common sen- 
tence or two, and i shall, 
from the tenor of the dis- 
course, find out the mean- 
ing of it. 

show me how you pro- 
nounce this letter. 

how is it formed? 

is this right? 

that is wrong. 

do i aspirate properly? 

do not allow me to pro- 
nounce badly. 

you are asleep, you do not 
attend, you are very care- 
less. 

i never can learn the lan- 
guage this way. 
tell me a short history, the 
news of the day, do any 
thing but sit silent. 



se door bhagtee. 

hindee zuban kee tuhseel ke 
liye toomharee kya sulah 
hue, saf kuho to ki muen 
oos ke bu moojib zuban sik- 
hoon uor toomharee is bat 
ka humeshu ihsanmund ru- 
hoonga. 

is lufz kee kya mu,unee ? 
ek ya do moostu.umul joomle 
men ise kuho to muen bat- 
cheet ke qureene se iske 
mu,unee duryaft kuroonga. 

moojhe buta,o toom is hurf 

ko kyoonkur tuluffooz kurte 

ho. 

yih kyoonkur uda hota hue? 

yih theek hue? 

wooh ghulut hue; 

muen he ka tuluffooz uch- 

chhee turuh kurta hoon ? 

bud tuluffooz moojhe kurne 

nu do. 

toom sote ho, is men dil nu- 

heen lugate, toom buhoot 

bekhubur ho. 

is turuh muen zuban kub- 

hee nu seekh sukoonga. 

ek mookhtusur qissu, ya aj 

kul kee khubur kuho, yauor 

koochh pur choop mut buetho. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



139 






unless we speak much together, 
how can i learn to speak f 

correct the sentences i make 
when they are ungrammatical 
or unidiomatical. 
tell me, " you should say so, 
for although i can guess your 
meaning from the context, still 
the language is not good." 

leave the grammar to me, we 
never can agree on that head. 

your business is to teach me 

the real pronunciation and 

practice of the language. 

do not use so many hard 

words. 

i dare say you are a very 

learned man, hut as yet your 

learning will be thrown away 

upon me. 

when i fairly know what the 
word heavy is in your lan- 
guage, it will then be time 
afterwards to talk of light. 

if you cannot give a reason 

for this circumstance, do not 

mislead me by attempting it. 



ugur humbahum khoob goof- 
togoo nu kuren, to muen bol 
chal kyoonkur seekhoonga. 
jo joomle muen kuhta hoon, 
we ugur beqaide ya be-moo- 
hawure lion to suheehkurna. 
moojh se kuho ki " chahiye 
toomyoonbolo ugurchi muen 
toomhara mutlub qureene se 
sumujhta boon lekin moo- 
hawuru dooroost nunee!!." 
surf o lAiho ke qa,ide cbhor 
do, hum is bat men kubhee 
moottufiq nu ho sukenge. 
toomhara yuhee kam hue ki 
suheeh tuluffooz uor zuban 
ka isti.umal moojhe sikha.o. 
uese mooshkil ulfaz mut ku- 
ha kuro. 

muen qubool kurta hoon ki 
toom zuburdust faz.il ho, 
lekin ub tuluk toomhara ilm 
mere nuzdeek ubus hue. 

jub muen khoob sumjhoon 
ki lufzi bharee toomharee 
zuban men kya hue, tub 
peechhe se hulke ka zikr 
kurna. 

ugur toom is bat ka subub 
nuheen buta sukte, to beja 
koshish se moojhe buhka,o 
mut. 



140 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



would you say so among your- 
selves ? 
with us it is different. 

try some other mode of ex- 
plaining it. 

do it by signs if you cannot 
by words. 

if you speak slow then i may 
comprehend you ; you forget 
that i am but a beginner, and 
cannot understand th,ose who 
speak so fast. 



what are you thinking of? 
for gofts sake attend to this 
very difficult passage. 

consult some of your friends ; 
let me know in the morning'. 

the whole is very obscure. 

is there any thing understood 
in this place ? 

reflect for a moment ; there 
must be something understood 
to make sense out of it. 
do i read well now ? 

let me hear you read these 
verses. 



toom kya apus men yoon 

kuhoge ? 

humare yuhan is men furq 

hue. 

sumjhane ka uor ko,ee tuor 

thuhra.o. 

ugur toom zuban se nuheen 

sukte, to isharon se buta.o. 

jo toom ahuste bolo to muen 

toomharee bat sumjhoon, 

toom bhoolte ho muen sirf 

moobtudee hoon uor we jo 

itna juld bolte huen con kee 

bat muen sumujh nuheen 

sukta. 

toom kis khiyal men ho ? 

khooda ke waste toom is 

mooshkil muoqu,u pur ghuor 

kuro. 

toom upne kisee dost se su- 

lah kurke fujur ko moojh se 

kuho. 

yih bilkooll buhoot ghamiz 

hue. 

yuhan koochh mooquddur 

hue? 

zura socho to suhee, mutlub 

nikalne men koochh ulbuttu 

mooquddur hoga. 

muen ub uch-chha purhta 

hoon ? 

ye ushar toom purho to 

muen soonoon. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



141 



who composed them ? 
ask me the hindoostanee names 
of every thing you can see or 
think of; that will be most 
useful to me atjirst. 

i am very much tired; you 
may go away now, but return 
at four in the afternoon. 

which is the best time for 

study ? 

what are the best books ? 

who are the best teachers of 
the hindoostanee tongue f 

i shall read one page more ; 

i cannot make out this line at 

all 

have you any country ink, 

good paper, and proper pens 

for writing the nagree and 

persian characters ? 

the ink is too thick, thin, pale. 

it sinks so much, that i can- 
not write with it. 

put some cotton, or some other 
thing into the ink-stand, 
make me a good pen for a 



ye kis ne kuhe huen ? 
jo cheezen toom dekho ya 
thuhra,o, oon ke nam toom 
moojh se poochha kuro ; 
puhle wooh ki mere huqq 
men buhoot moofeed hoga. 
muen buhoot mandu hoo,a 
hoon, toom ub ja ( o, lekin 
teesree puhur char ghunte 
ke wuqt phir a,o. 
mootalu ( u kurne ko kuon sa 
wuqt uch-chha hue ? 
kuon kuon kitaben uch- 
chhee huen ? 

kuon kuon log hindoostanee 
zuban sub se bihtur sikhate 
huen? 

muen uor ek sufhu purhoon- 
ga, muen yih sutr mootluq 
sumujh nuheen sukta. 
naguree uor farsee likhne 
ko toomhare pas koochh hin- 
doostanee roshna,ee, kag- 
huz, uor uch-chhe qulum 
huen ? 

yih siyahee buhoot garhee, 
putlee, pheekee hue. 
yih uesee phoottee hue ki 
muen is se likh nuheen 
sukta. 

duwat men koochh rooee ya 
uor koochh dalo. 
khufee, uosut, julee likhne 



142 



hindoostanee dialogues- 



small hand, middling, large. 

does my hand improve 9 
show me how to hold the pen. 

do you form the letters so ? 

what are the component parts 
of this letter? 

how do you Join these two let- 
ters ? 

is this sweep, curve, turn, 
right P 

the point of the pen is too 
broad, small, hard, soft, long, 
fine, 
shall i copy these lines ? 

where are the copy lines ? 

is this fine writing ? 

what are the names of all your 

different hands 9 

are you a writing-master ? 

can you teach me both the na- 

gree and persian alphabet ? 

the paper is too smooth, rough, 
coarse, fine, thin, thick, wet, 
dry. 

i can write with rules very 
straight, not otherwise. 



ke liye ek uch-chha qulum 

moojhe turash do. 

mera hath dcoroost hota hue? 

moojhe dikha,o qulum ky- 

oonkur pukurte huen ? 

loom hurfon ko is turuh bu- 

nate ho ? 

is hurf ke shoshe kuese 

huen? 

toom in do hurfon ko kyoon- 

kur jorte ho ? 

yih kushish, da,iru uor sho- 

shu dooroost hue ? 

qulum kee nok nihayut chu- 

oree, chhotee, sukht, nurm, 

lumbee, bareek hue. 

muen in surmushqon kee 

nuqlkuroonga ? 

surmushq kuhan hue ? 

yih uch-chha khutt hue ? 

tcomhare sub joode joode 

khootoot ke nam kya huen ? 

toom khooshnuwees ho ? 

naguree uor farsee ke hoo- 

rcofi tuhujjee toom dono 

moojhe sikha sukte ho ? 

yih kaghuz buhoot moohre- 

dar, bemoohre, mota, mi- 

heen, putla, dubz, bheega, 

sookha hue. 

muen mistur se khoob seed- 

ha likh sukta hoon, bughuer 

iske nuheen. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



M3 



where is the ruler, sand, wa- 
fer, pen-knife, blotting-paper, 
wax, seal, pounce, cutter, scis- 
sors ? 

do you write nagreejrom left 
to right as we do in english, 
or from right to left, as the 
persian is written, [reversed 
in the position of their nu- 
merical figures.] 
write a letter to your brother. 

who wrote this letter f 
he writes very badly. 

nobody can read his hand. 

is there any written account 

of this f or is what you say 

merely traditional ? 

why do not you write the short 

vowel, or diacritical point ? 

is this owing to the usual 

mode of writing, or what ? 

send a written, not a verbal 

answer. 

are you a writer 9 

yes ; i am mr. ■ ■■ 'a writer. 

i thought writers were called 

sirkars. 

yes, they are, but by ignorant 

or proud people, who either 



mistur, baloo, tikya, qulum 
turash, lal kaghuz, lak, 
moohr, rai, kaghuzturash, 
miqraz, kuhan hue ? 
hum juese ungrezee likhte 
huen, oosee turuh toom na- 
gree baeen se dahnee turuf 
likhte ho, ya ki jis turuh 
farsee likhee jatee hue dah- 
nee se baeen turuf? 
toom upne bha,ee ko ek 

khutt likho. 

yih khutt kis ne likha hue ? 

wooh buhoot khurab likhta 

hue. 

coska khutt ko,ee purh nu- 

heen sukta. 

iska ko,ee likha hoo,a uhwal 

hue ? ya toom sirf soona soc- 

naya kuhte ho. 

toom iurab kyoon nuheen 

dete ? 

likhne ka yihee dustoor hue 

ya uor koochh ? 

juwabi qulumee bhejo, zu- 

banee nuheen. 

toom moohurrir ho ? 

han, muen fulane sahib ka 

moohurrir hoon. 

muen janta tha ki moohur- 

riron ko surkar kuhte huen. 
han, kuhte huen, mugur na- 
dan ya uese mughroor jo oos 



144 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



do not know, or affect ig- 
norance of that word's sig- 
nification. 

what does it really mean ? 
any governor, or your wor- 
ship, as the head of your 
own family. 

then why does a servant call 
himself a sirkar, baboo, pur- 
voo, khuleefa, mihtur, tyc? 

that he may appear of more 

consequence in the eyes of 

his fellow-servants. 

you are a wag, i see, and 

know something of men and 

manners. 

it requires little sagacity to 
perceive, that mankind are 
guided by the same leading 
passions in all countries, 
right, friend ; and indivi- 
duals, as well as nations, 
build their own grandeur 
on the downfall or depres- 
sion of their neighbours, 
write that in your note book. 

do you keep a journal ? 
yes, i have a sort of com- 
mon-place book, 
if you study and take pains, 



lufz ke usl mu,une se waqif 

nuheen, ya tujahool kurte 

huen. 

oos ke usl mu une kya huen ? 

ko,ee surdar, ya ap, juesa 

upne ghur ke malik huen. 

tuo ko ee nuokur upne tu- 
,een kyoon surkar, baboo, 
prubhoo, khuleefu, mihtur, 
wughueru kuhlata hue ? 
is liye ki khawind ke uor 
nuokuron ke nuzdeek wooh 
bura admee thuhre. 
muen dekhta hoon toom ek 
thuthol ho, uor thore bu- 
hoot admiyon kee chal se 
waqif ho. 

is ke sumujhne men zura 
wuqoof chahiye ki sub mool- 
kon men insan huwa o hu- 
wus ke tabiu huen. 
such hue! bha.ee; uor hur 
wahiduorquomen bhee pur- 

desiyon kee tubahee uor du- 

ba,o pur upnee bura,ee kee 

bina kurtee huen. 

wooh toom upnee nuql buhee 

men likho. 

toom roznamu rukhte ho ? 

han, ek turuh kee ek buhee 

hue. 

ugur toom mihnut se moota- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 145 

you will soon acquire a lu,u kuro to juld zuban se 

knowledge of the language, waqif hoge. 

do not you think it a diffi- toom is zuban ko mooshkil 

cult language f nuheen sumujhte ? 

whether difficult or not, by mooshkil ho ya nu ho, mih- 

labour and perseverance nut kurne se uor dhoon lu- 

you will always obtain your ga,e ruhne se toom humeshu 

end ; if you wish to make a upne mutlub ko puhoon- 

proficiency, there is nothing choge, ugur toom turuqqee 

hard ; but inclination is the kiya chahte ho, to koochh 

first thing to be obtained. mooshkil nuheen, puhle 

shuoq chahiye. 

i was informed you are well muen ne soona hue ki toom 

skilled in the hindoostanee hindoostanee zuban sekhoob 

tongue. mahir ho. 

as particular dialects have difficulties peculiarly their 
own, it becomes imperative on a conscientious gram- 
marian to choose the lesser evil of reiteration in his rules, 
to the greater fault of permitting his pupils to forget and 
overlook them : let me therefore once more remark, that 
among polite people the personal pronouns are used 
nearly on the same principles that we observe among 
ourselves; the speaker commonly puts hisself in the 
singular, and the person addressed in the plural number, 
in our presence it has become a practice, which has been 
gaining ground for a century past, among the natives, 
for the speaker to exalt hisself also by assuming the plu- 
ral number, to the great confusion of all grammar and 
propriety, we have very naturally proved as arrogant 
as our indian subjects, and consequently adopt hum, we, 
for muen, i ;. and humara, our, for mera, my, on all 
occasions ; nor can we relinquish this bad habit, without 



146 hindoostanee dialogues. 

running the risk of voluntary degradation, among a race 
of men, who lose no opportunity of taking that trouble 
out of our hands, wherever they possess art or power 
enough to do so with impunity, the learner, while aware 
of the above circumstance, should nevertheless, as much 
as possible, follow the regular grammatical mode in all 
translations or speeches where his dignity cannot be 
affected in the humble garb of muen, i, mera, my, as it 
might be when contrasted with his servants consequen- 
tial hum, we, humara, our. they occasionally carry their 
insolence so far, even, as to salute their masters with too, 
thou, and tera, thy, which is very seldom proper, except 
in some precative sentences that cannot well be mistaken 
or misconstrued as disrespectful, the third person is 
frequently substituted for the other two, which rather 
adds to the confusion in this department of the language; 
especially as the third person is also put in the plural, 
when speaking either civilly or respectfully of any indi- 
vidual, the dative is likewise, with many neuter or in- 
verse verbs, equivalent to our nominative, as we must 
in general prefer the direct mode of translating expres- 
sions like hum ko muuloom hue, it is known to us, we 
know ; oos ko shuoq hue, a desire is to him, he has a 
desire, milna, to meet, accrue ; hona, to be ; lugna, to 
seem ; ana, to come ; with a few others, often require 
the inverse form just discussed, and consequently add 
still more to the apparent intricacy of pronominal con- 
struction in this tongue. 

i wish i could say it was khooda kure such ho, ghu- 
true, but i will give you all ruz muen ap kee turuqqee 
the assistance in my power ke liye muqdoor bhur mu- 
to, aid your proficiency. dud kuroonga. 

you are good, i shall do my yih toomharee mihrbanee 



best to reap advantage by 
your instructions. 



have you a great desire to 
learn the language f 
certainly I i wish to attempt 
it ; but at present i do not 
know above twenty or thirty 
words, and a few common 
phrases, whichi have learnt 
by heart very well; we must 
get on by degrees. 



t'llwarrant your smallstock 
shall soon be increased. 

i must arm myself with per- 
severance; i hope i shall 
not be tired of it soon, which 
i am afraid of. 
do you understand this sen- 
tence, which i have just 
spoken in hindoostanee f 
i understand what you say, 
but i could not translate it 
literally, neither could i an- 
swer you in it. 

it very often happens that 
you comprehend the body of 
a sentence, though you can- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 147 

hue, muen muqdoor bhur 
koshish kuroonga ki toom- 
haree tu.uleem se koochh 
fa,idu ootha.oon, 
is zuban ke seekhne men ap 
ko khoob shuoq hue ? 
beshuk ! muen uesa qusd 
kiya chahta hoon, lekin ub 
muen bees tees lufzon uor 
ku,ee mooruwwuj joomlon 
ke siwa uor nuheen janta 
hoon, so muen ne conhen 
uch-chhee turuh noki zuban 
kiya hue, hum ahuste ahus- 
te seekhenge. 

muen kuhta hoon ki toom- 
haree yih kum poonjee juld 
burh jaegee. 

muen ap dhoon luga,e ru- 
hoonga, uesa nu ho ki muen 
juld mandu ho,oon ki oos se 
muen durta hoon. 
jo joomlu muen ne ubhee 
hindoostanee zuban men ku- 
ha, so toom sumujhte ho ? 
toom jo kuhte ho so muen 
sumujhta hoon, lekin ooska 
turjoomu lufzun nuheen kur 
sukta, uor oos men muen ju- 
wab bhee de nuheen sukta. 
uksur uesa hota hue ki ap 
joomle ka muz moon su- 
mujhte huen, ugurchi jooda 



l2 



148 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



not analyze it; but you 
ought not to be contented 
with knowing that simply, 
but satisfy yourself by find- 
ing out the meaning of each 
word. 

people who only require to 
know the general meaning 
of the sentence by its tenor, 
cannot, of course, acquire 
such a stock of words ; 
therefore in future i shall 
always seek for the literal 
meaning of the sentence, 
do not be discouraged at 
first by apparent difficul- 
ties ; for you will soon be 
able to conquer them, 
you give me some consola- 
tion, but i am impatient. 

do not be afraid of speak- 
ing; be confident ; and do 
not mind making mistakes, 
i will correct you ; never- 
theless, you must take great 
care and avoid getting into 
a habit of speaking corrupt 
hindoostanee. 

a military officer, 
pray, sir, to what regiment 
do you belong ? 



jooda buy an nuheen kur 
sukte, lekin ap ko lazim nu- 
heen ki sirf itna janne pur 
quna.ut kuren, chahiye ki 
hur ek lufz ke mu.une ni- 
kalne se upne tu,een khoosh 
rukhen. 

jo log joomle ka mutlub 
sirf qureene se duryaft kiya 
chahte huen, we mooqurrur 
itne ulfaz nuheen seekh suk- 
te, is liye muen ayundu 
ioomle ketuhtilufzee mu.une 
janne menkoshishkuroonga. 

puhle ap mooshkilati zahiree 
se kumhimmut nu hoojiye, 
kyoonki juld ap oonhen du- 
fu,u kur sukenge. 
toom to meree khatirdaree 
kurte ho, pur moojhe be 
subree hue. 

bolne se nu duriye khatir 
jumu,u ho, bhool chook ka 
lihaz nu furma,iye, muen ap 
ko islah doonga, tuobhee ap 
hoosh yar ruhen uor na mur- 
boothindee bolne kee wuzu 
chhor den. 

ko,ee lushkuree oohdedar. 
kuho miyan toom kuon pul- 
tun ke ho ? 



hindoostanee dialogues, 



149 



do you know where it was 
first raised ? 

is the whole regiment at 

present on duty here or 

elsewhere ? 

what office do you hold, and 

how long have you been an 

officer? 

under such officers as you 

in our army, how many 

men are generally placed? 

when you are stationed any 
where in the country, does 
the person or magistrate 
where you are on duty, ever 
make you a present of any 
thing or not ? 

what is your pay, and do 
you receive the whole month- 
ly or not? 

well, when any of your sol- 
diers are guilty of any op- 
pression on the country 
people, what steps do you 
take to prevent such an of- 
fence again? 

if in your presence several 
people were to attack the 
treasure of government, 
would you, to the utmost of 



toomhen koochh muuloom 
hue ki oos kee bhurtee 
puehle kuhan hoo.ee thee ? 
toomharee tumam pultun aj 
kul yuhan tu ( eenat hue ki 
uor kuheen ? 

toom kya oohdu rukhte ho 
uor kub se qohdedar hoo,e 
ho? 

toom se (or uese) qohdedaron 
ke tabui huraare yuhan ke 
lushkur men ketne juwan 
uksur ruhte huen ? 
jud toom kuheen dihat men 
ja ( o tu.eenatee pur wooh 
shukhs ya hakim jis ke 
yuhan toomharee chuokee 
puhru ruhta hue so toom 
ko koochh deta hue kudhee 
ki nuheen ? 

toomharee shuruh kya hue 
toomhen mah bu mah poo- 
ree miltee hue ki nuheen ? 
kuho to jis wuqt ko.ee toom- 
hare sipahiyon men se kisoo 
ruiyut pur koochh zoolm 
kure tub toom is ka kya 
fikr kurte ho jo pjhir uesee 
hurukut hone nu pawe ? 
jo toomhare ruhte ku,ee ek 
admee kee turuf se surkar 
ke khuzane pur daka purta 
tuo toom muqdoor bhur du- 



150 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



your power, seize the rob- 
bers alive, or would you 
kill the whole on the spot ? 
does a soldier's continuance 
on guard last from sun- 
rise till nine 0? clock, or till 
twelve o'clock? 
do you clearly understand 
all that i have told you or 
not? in answering me be 
not in the least apprehen- 
sive, speak whatever you 
please, without reserve, i 
will not take it in the least 
amiss. 

well, you may now go. 
taking accounts, 
tell the writer and steward 
to prepare their accounts 
for this last month, 
mention the different arti- 
cles separately, 
how much are the servants 
in arrear? pay them up to 
the end of last month ; and 
never allow them to be more 
than one month in arrear 
on any account, 
let them bring these shop- 
bills next week, when they 
shall certainly have their 
money, 
three months' interest is de- 



kueton ko jeete jee pukurte 
ki troont durobust ko mar- 
dalte ? 

fujur se puhur bhur sipa- 
hiyon ka puhru ruhta hue, 
ya ki fujur se do puhur tuk? 

jo bat hum ne kuhee hue 
toom se so tcomhen hur soo- 
rut se saf muuloom hoo.ee 
ki nuheen? juwab dene men 
koochh chinta mut kuro jo,ee 
ho be luga.o kuho hum hur- 
giz. boora nu manenge. 

khuer ub ja.iye. 

moohasubu lena. 
moahurrir uor khansaman 
se kuho ki pichhle muheene 
ka hisab tueyar kure. 
hur hur ruqum jooda jooda 
buyan kuro. 

nuokuron ka durmaha kit- 
na baqee hue ? oos muheene 
kee akhiree tuluk de dalo, 
uor oon kee tulub kisee tu- 
ruh kubhee ek muheene se 
ziyadu baqee nu ruhe. 
we ugle hufte men dooka- 
nee dustawez lawenge to we 
beshuk puese pawenge. 

is dustawez pur teen mu- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



151 



manded on this bill, it has 
been due so long. 

how much do the household 
eoopences amount to? tell 
me the sum total at once, 
it is much greater than it 
has ever been before, what 
is the reason of that? 
the table eoopences alone are 
nearly doubled by these fre- 
quent entertainments, 
well! i must be more eco- 
nomical in future. 

you must borrow some mo- 
ney for me ; what is the in- 
terest now f ask the banker 
who formerly lent me so 
much, to give me as much 
more. 

he requires so much interest 
and collateral security. 

let me know the amount of 
my debts, and in future i 
shall pay off so much every 
month. 

send these horses and the 
carriage to such a one's sale 
neoot week, and endeavour 
to reduce my eoopences as 
much as possible. 



heene ka sood churha hue, 

ooskee miyadd ko itne din 

ho chooke. 

ghur ka khurch kitna hue? 

moojji se ekbargee moojmul 

kuho. 

yih buhoot ziyadu hue, age 

kubhee itna nu tha, iska 

subub kya ? 

khane ka khurch itnee ziya- 

futon se qureeb doone ka 

hoo,a hue. 

bhula! ayundu moojhe is se 

ziyadu jooz-rusee zuroor ho- 

gee. 

mere waste toom ko koochh 

roopue qurz kurne honge, 

ub sood kya hue? oos surraf 

se poochho ki jis ne moojhe 

age itna qurz diya tha, oot- 

nahee uor moojhe de. 

wooh itna sood mangta hue, 

uor itne roopue kee khatir- 

jumu,ee. 

moojh ko mere duen jumu,u 

se waqif kuro, muen age 

hur muheene itna uda kiya 

kuroonga. 

ayunde hufte men ye ghore 

uor garee fulane ke neelam 

men bhejo, uor muqdoor 

bhur mere khurch kum 

hone ka qusd kuro. 



152 hindoostanee dialogues. 

i shall be ruined merely by muen sood hee dene se tu- 



paying the interest, 
look out for an upper roomed 
house with so many rooms, 
and let it be in a good situa- 
tion. 

has it convenient offices of all 
descriptions? and is the access 
good f 

the neighbourhood is very noi- 
sy, it is in too public a situa- 
tion ; inquire for one more 
retired. 

how far is mr. 's garden 

house from this f it is to be 
sold i understand. 

go and find out the particulars, 
and whether it is to be disposed 
of by private or public sale. 



bah ho.oonga. 

ek do-muhla ghur dhoond- 
ho, oos men kothriyan itnee 
hon uor wooh uch-chhee ju- 
guh men ho. 

hur kam ke la,iq juguh oos 
men hue ? rustu uch-chha 
hue? 

humsaye bure ghuogha,ee 
huen uor wooh suri bazar 
bhee hue, kuheen ek niralee 
juguh dhoondho. 
fulane sahib ka khanu bagh 
yuhan se kitnee door hue, . 
muen soonta hoon ki wooh 
bikega. 

ja,o, ooska uhwal duryaft 
kuro, wooh khoosh khureed 
ya neelam men bikega. 
this neelam is a vocable of rather spurious descent, but 

has now become almost legitimate hindoostanee. 

make three copies of this let- is khutt kee teen nuqlen 



terfor me, and write it in as 
legible a hand as you can. 
send to the post office, and in- 
quire whether there be any 
letters for me, and whether 
the packets from europe be yet 
opened. 

the postage of these is so much, 
and this is a double letter. 



mere waste kuro, uor muq- 
door bhur wazih likho. 
dak ke ghur men kisee ko 
bhejo uor dekho ki ko.ee 
khutt mere waste hue ki 
nuheen,uorwilayut ke khu- 
reete ub tuluk khoole huen 
ki nuheen. 

in ka khurchu itna hue, uor 
is khutt ka wuzu doona hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



153 



sir, the office is always shut 
at such an hour, 
how can i send these par- 
cels to such a place ? they 
are too large to send by 
post. 

this is a holiday, sir, and 
no business is done in any 
of the public offices, 
have those things i commis- 
sioned from such a place 
arrived yet ? 

they are to be had ready 
made in every market, 
these you must commission ; 
they are not kept ready 
made, as the demand for 
them is small and uncer- 
tain. 

buying and selling, 
will you sell this to me ? 
i am going to buy a horse. 

what is the lowest price ? 

a great deal too much, i 

cannot afford it. 

are these things for sale, or 

commissioned ? 

where is grain sold in 

wholesale here ? 

this is sold by retail in the 

newt market. 



sahib, dak humeshu fulane 
wuqt bund hotee hue. 
fulanee juguh in guthriyon 
ko kyoonkur bhejoon, bu- 
hoot bharee huen, dak pur 
bhejne joga nuheen. 
sahib, aj purub hue, uor 
surkaree dufturkhanon men 
koochh kam nuheen hota. 
jin cheezorj kee muen ne 
furma,ish kee thee, kya we 
ub tuk fulanee juguh se a 
puhoonchee huen ? 
ye hur ek bazar men bunee 

buna.ee miltee huen. 

toomhen in cheezon kee fur- 

ma.ish kurnee hogee, in ko 

tueyar nuheen rukhte, ky- 

oon ki in ke gahuk kum, 

uor be-thikane huen. 
mol lena uor bechna. 

yih toom mere hath bechoge? 

muen ek ghora mol lene jata 

hoon. 

nihayut kum mol kya hue ? 

yih buhoot ziyadu hue, 

muen itna de nuheen sukta. 

ye cheezen bikaoo huen ya 

furma,ishee ? 

yuhan unaj mot ka mot ku- 

han bikta hue ? 

oos bazar men yih khoordu 

bikta hue. 



154 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



i have no cash; will you 
trust me ? 

come, take one rupee earn- 
est for that piece of cloth, 
and my servant will bring 
the price you ask, and carry 
the cloth hence, 
it is too coarse, flimsy, un- 
even, fine, compact, long, 
broad, short, dear, cheap, 
white, black, showy, grave. 

where is the woollen cloth ? 

how much a yard $ 

this is a remnant, you shall 

have it at prime cost 

the nap is bad indeed ; the 

whole is threadbare. 

measure out Jive yards of 
your finest muslin, 
not a farthing' less than a 
rupee a pound. 



mere pas roopue nuheen, 
toom mera i,utimad kuroge? 
a,o, oos than ka ek roopuya 
bue,anu lo, uor jo qeemut 
toom mangte ho so kul mera 
nuokur le awega, uor yuhan 
se kupra le ja,ega. 
yih nihayut mota, puteel, 
reshudar, miheen, ghufs, 
lumba, chuora, hathon men 
kum, muhnga,susta,soofu ed, 
kala, rungeen, sadu, hue. 
pushmeenu kuhan hue ? 
fee guz kitna ? 
yih ek rezu hue, ub toom ise 
usl qeemut men pa,oge. 
khwab is kupre ka uch-chha 
nuheen, bilkooll khwab iska 
jata ruha. 

toom upnee khassee mulmul 
se panch guz nap do. 
fee roopuya adh ser, is se ek 
dumree kum nuheen. 



weigh the butter, measure muk-khunwuznkuro,doodh 

the milk, gauge the cask or napo, peepe ka undaz kuro. 
pipe. 

do you give nothing to boot jub muen is ek ruqum se 

when i buy so large a quan- itna leta hoon toom koochh 

tity of this one article ? rokun nu doge. 

what articles, now a days, aj kul bazar men kuon kuon 

sell best in the market ? ruqumen sub se uch-chhee 

biktee huen ? 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



155 



when will the sale of all the 
things come on ? 
your brother bespoke this 
chair ten days ago ; the ta- 
ble is also commissioned; 
then how can i sell either 
one or other f 

tell me at one word your 
lowest price. 

i will give you just half 
that. 

now, master, how can i ven- 
ture at once to tell the true 
price f 

i have, as god is my wit- 
ness, done so just now, still 
you offer only one half, 
will the sugar soon be dis- 
posed of in that country ? 
who generally buys such a 
commodity there ? 
give me the full measure, 
weight, size, fyc. 
hand me a rupees worth of 
fruit, fish, fowl, $c. 

take this watch in pledge 
for your money, till you re- 
ceive the whole, 
will you certainly redeem it 
to-morrow ? 
i ivant a pound of the small 



sub cheezon kee bikree ka 
wuqt kub hoga ? 
dus din hoo,e toomjiare 
bha,ee ne is chuokee ko le 
rukha hue, mez bhee fur- 
ma,ishee rukhee hue, tuo 
muen yih ya wooh kyoonkur 
bech sukoon. 

upne damon kee nihayut 
kum ek bat kuho. 
muen toomhen sirf is ka adha 
doonga. 

sahib, ub muen ek bargee 
such qeemut kyoonkur ku- 
hoon ? 

khooda shahid hue, muen ne 
ub theek kuha, tuobhee sirf 
adha diya chahte ho. 
oos moolk men shukkur juld 
bikegee ? 

wuhan uksur uesee jins ku- 
on khureed kurta hue ? 
moojhe pooree map, poora 
wuzn, miqdar wughueru do. 
ek roopue ka mewu, muchh- 
lee, moorgh, wughueru moo- 
jhe do. 

toom upne roopue ke waste 
is ghuree ko girwee rukho, 
jub tuluk nu bhur pa,o. 
toom ise kul beshuk chhoora 
loge ? 
muen adh serchhotee much- 



156 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



fish, and two pounds of the 
large. 

how many mangoes for one 
rupee ? 

they are damaged; i will 
not take them, 
were they ripened on the 
tree, or in the house ? 
they are unripe,rotten,sour, 
sweet, bitter, astringent, in- 
sipid, Sfc. i cannot eat them. 



is the milk in the country 

as dear in proportion as the 

butter is in town ? 

have you any invoice, bill 

of sale, list, fyc. ? 

had i bought those books, 

i would have sold them to 

advantage immediately. 

do they sell liquids in this 

country by weight, measure, 

or gauge f 

where there are no sellers, 

there can be no purchasers. 

what did that tent cost you? 

my boat cost me double that 

sum. 

never mind the price, i must 

have the diamond. 



hlee chahta hoon, uor ser 
bhur buree muchhlee. 
roopue ke kitne amb ? 

ye daghee huen, muen inhen 

nu loonga. 

we dal ke pukke huen ya 

pal ke ? 

ye kuch-che, sure, khutte, 

meethe, kurwe, kuseese, 

pheeke, wughueru huen, 

muen inhen kha nuheen 

sukta. 

shuhr men juesa mukkhun 

muhnga hue, wuesa hee 

doodh ganw men ? 

toomhare pas ko,ee beejug, 

qubalu, furd wughueru hue ? 

ugur muen oon kitabon ko 

mol leta to oosee wuqt moo- 

nafiu pur bechta. 

log is moolk men ruqeeq 

cheezen wuzn, nap ya pue- 

ma,ish kurke bechte huen ? 

juhan bechuewale nu hon, 

wuhan gahuk bhee nuheen 

hote. 

oos tumboo men toomhara 

kitna khurch hoo.a hue ? 

meree na,o men ooska doona 

khurch hoo,a hue. 

qeemut ka koochh mooza- 

yuqu nuheen moojhe heera 

lena hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



157 



goto the jewellers and pur- 
chase 1,000 rupees worth 
of pearls. 

how much did you offer for 
the elephant ? 
as much, if not more, than 
he is worth. 

will you barter those milk 
cows for my riding horse 9 
[udla budlee.] 
do they sell their children, 
in a famine, to preserve 
their own and their infants 
life ? 
where did you buy that ? 

i will give you something 
more than you bought it for. 

i do not want to sell it. 

making and mending. 

when will you make the ta- 
ble? 

he made the shoes yesterday, 
i cannot make a lock. 

why do they make a noise ? 

let him make the road. 

i intend to build, or run up, 

a wall here. 

make it quickly, this way 



juohuree ke yuhan ja,o uor 

huzar roopue ke motee mol 

lo. 

oos hathee ke waste toom ne 

kitna kuha hue ? 

jitna, ooske wajibee dam hue 

bulki is se ziyadu. 

toom con doodhuel gayen ko 

meree suwaree ke ghore se 

moo ( awuzu kuroge ? 

we kya quht men upne uor 

lurkon ke bucha,o ke waste 

lurke bechte huen ? 

toom ne cose kuhan mol liya 
hue? 

jitne ko toom ne mol liya 
hue, oos se koochh ziyadu 
muen doonga. 
muen cose becha nuheen 
chahta hoon, 
bunana uor murummut 
kurna. 
toom mez kub buna,oge ? 

oos ne kul joota bunaya hue. 

muen qoofl buna nuheen 

sukta. 

we kyoon shor kurte huen ? 

wooh rustu bunawe. 

muen yuhan ek deewar khu~ 

enchne ka qusd kurta hoon. 

ise juldee buna,o, is turuh, 



158 

that way, the best way you 

can. 

make no disturbance in my 



what will the making be ? 

prepare every thing in good 

time. 

the whole is ready. 

why do not you mend it f 

is there any body who can 
darn here ? 

i would repair the house 
had i cash enough. 

mend my coat. 

repair the terrace that it 

may never leak again. 

can they make paper in 

this country. 

he wants to make a great 

deal of money in a short 

time, and with as little 

trouble as possible, 

are all these things made in 

the market? 

consulting, 
what advice would you give 
a person insuch a situation ? 
he is quite at a loss how to 
act, being newly arrived, 



hindoostanee dialogues. 

oos turuh juhan tuk toom 
se uch-chha ho suke. 
meree huwelee men koochh 
ghool mut much ( ao. 
ooskee bunwa.ee kitnee ho- 



gee r 

bur wuqt sub cheezon kee 
tudbeer kuro. 
sub tueyar huen. 
toom iskee murummut kyoon 
nuheen kurte ? 
yuhan ko ( ee uesa hue ki ru- 
foo kur suke ? 
muen is ghur kee murum- 
mut kurta, jo mere pas itne 
rocpue hote. 

meree koortee kee murum- 
mut kuro. 

chhut kee daghrezee kuro 
ki phir kubhee nu tupke. 
log is moolk men kaghuz bu- 
na sukte huen ? 
muqdoor bhur thore dinon 
men uor tlioree mihnut se 
wooh buhoot se puese kuma- 
ya chahta hue. 
ye sub cheezen bazar men 
buntee huen ? 

musluhut kurnee. 
kisoo ko uesee halut men 
toom kya sulah doge ? 
wooh nuheen janta ki kis 
turuh kam kure, is liye ki 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



159 



and unacquainted with the 

manners of the people. 

let him do so and so; should 

this not answer, he ought 

to consult some experienced 

person. 

this plan is apparently the 

best. 

there is no saying what the 

result may be. 

this amounts to what i was 

told long since, however i 

must try it. 

where is the difference? i 

can see none. 

we must quickly determine 

upon something or other. 

take both his advice, and 

his assistance also, as he 

offers it 

let us contrive some other 

plan, this will never answer 

our purpose. 

my advice is that you be 
more wary in future, 
expostulating, 
why do not you obey my 
orders ? 

this laziness and neglect 
will never do in my house, 



wooh tazuwarid hue uor lo- 
gon kee chal se na-waqif. 
wooh uesa kure, ugur yih 
nu bun pure to chahiye ki 
wooh kisee waqif-kar admee 
se sulah kure. 

yih munsoobu zahira sub se 
bihtur hue. 

ko,ee kuh nuheen sukta ki 
unjam kya hoga. 
yih woohee hue jo muen 
mooddut se soonta tha, pur 
moojhe is kee tujweez kur- 
nee hogee. 

furq kuhan hue ? moojhe 
koochh soojhta nuheen. 
hum ko juldee se koochh nu 
koochh thuhrana hue. 
ooskee sulah lena hue uor 
mudud bhee, jub dene ko 
qubool kurta hue. 
hum uor koochh tudbeer 
thuhrawen, is men kubhee 
humara mutlub bur nu 
awega. 

meree sulah yih hue ki too m 
age ziyadu chuokusee kuro. 

rudd o budul kurna. 
toom mere uhkam kyoon nu- 
heen mante ? 

jo koochh halut soostee uor 
ghuflut kee uoron ke yuhan 



160 

whatever may be the case 
in other peopled, 
these people do nothing the 
livelong day, but eat, drink, 
and sleep, and they chatter 
the whole night long. 

have you no conscience, sir! 
no regard for your mas- 
ter's welfare, who feeds and 
clothes you ? 



areyouyourselfnot ashamed 
of your conduct 9 
i cannot be every moment 
looking after you. 
were you a decent man, 
there would be no necessity 
for my telling you to do 
your duty at this rate, 
how can i avoid abusing 
and scolding such a fellow 
as you, the most worthless, 
drunken, good for nothing 
creature i ever saw in all 
my life. 

you a servant ! a pretty ser- 
vant to be sure, to drink 
and gamble in this way. 
i see you are going head- 
long to the devil 



hindoostanee dialogues. 

ho we, so mere yuhan kub- 

hee nu hogee. 

ye log sara din uor koochh 

nuheen kurte, mugur khate, 

peete, uor sote huen, uor 

rat bhur gupshup kiya kurte 

huen. 

sahib kya toomhen koochh 

tumeez nuheen, upne kha- 

wind kee bih turee pur dhy an 

nuheen rukhte, jo khoor o 

posh deta hue ? 

toom upnee chal se apshur- 

mundu nuheen hote ? 

muen hur ghuree toomhare 

peechhe pur nuheen sukta. 

ugur toom bhule admee hote, 

to moojhe is qudur kuhna 

nu purta ki upna kam kuro. 



muen uese admee ko kyoon- 
kur galiyan nu doon uor 
bud nu kuhoon, juesa too 
pajee, mutwala, nakaru hue- 
wan hue, uesa muen ne kub- 
hee saree oomrnu dekha. 
too nuokur ! kya khoob nu- 
okur hue ki is turuh ka 
mutwala uor joowaree hue. 
muen dekhta hoon ki too sir 
ke bhul dozukh (ke ghar) 
men girta hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



161 



have you no fear of the 
house of correction, banish- 
ment, nor the gallows even? 

mend your manner sin time, 
my friend, or you are a 
ruined man, and i shall 
show you no mercy. 

you now lie, steal, rob, mur- 
der, forge, in short, what 
wickedness do you not com- 
mit every day ? 

how dare you show me your 
face, sirrah? get you gone 
in an instant, or i shall 
lodge you in jail this very 
night as a pest to society. 

a character ! what, i give 
a rascal like you a recom- 
mendation ! that you may 
again go and plunder some 
other unfortunate master, 
if that new servant will 
attend to his business, tell 
him i shall both pay and 
treat him well. 



for god^s sake, be quick 
with this business, or i shall 



kya hurunbaree ke jane, 
uor shuhr budur ke hone, 
bulki phansee ke purne ka 
dur nuheen rukhta ? 
bha,ee ! toom bur wuqt up- 
nee chal soodharo, nuheen to 
khurab hoge, uor muen toom 
pur koochh ruhm nu ku- 
roonga. 

toomub jhoothbolteho, cho- 
ree, loot, khoon kurte ho, 
ju,ul fyinate ho, ghuruz 
kuon sa goonah hue ki toom 
hur roz nuheen kurte. 
ube, yuhan ane ka tera 
moonh kuhan hue ? isee 
wuqt door ho, nuheen to 
muen toojhe aj hee kee rat 
qued kuroonga, ki too ad- 
mee ke huqq men bula hue. 
kya dustawez ! toojh se hu- 
ramzade ke liye muen sifa- 
rish likhoon ki too uor kisee 
kumbukhtkhawindkoloote. 

ugur woohnuyanuokur uch- 
chhee turuh upne kam men 
dil lugawe, to oos se kuho 
ki muen oose moonasib tu- 
lub bhee doonga, uch-chha 
soolook bhee kuroonga. 
khooda ke waste toom is kam 
men juldee kuro, nuheen to 



M 



162 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



lose my place by your vil- 
lanous delays and procras- 
tination. 

the papers must all be done 
before we stir out of the 
house, should we remain 
here writing till doomsday. 



what, sir ! do you trifle 
about a matter of such mo- 
ment as the business of go- 
vernment at this crisis? you 
are a fool, a blockhead, a 
madman. 

do not tell me of your holi- 
days, deaths, marriages, or 
any thing else ; the orders 
about the papers, grain, 
provisions, cattle, fyc. must 
be instantly executed, and 
at your peril, sir ! put the 
matter off one hour longer. 



it is impossible, the business 
cannot be finished to-mor- 
row. 

sirrah ! do you hear me, 
thousands of lives are at 
stake, the safety of govern- 
ment depends on our stre- 
nuous exertions, and let me 
never hear on such an oc- 



toomharee uesee shurarut 
kee deriyon uor talmutol se 
muen upna qohdu kho,oonga. 
ugur hum qiyamut tuk yu- 
han likhte ruhen, tuobhee 
is huwelee se nikulne ke 
age, chahiye ki kaghuz tue- 
yar hon. 

kya sahib ! surkar ke uese 
zuroor kam men uese wuqt 
tapato,ee kurte ho ? toom uh- 
muq, be-wooqoof, deewane 
ho. 

upne purub kee khubur, ya 
kisee ke murne kee, uor 
shadee kee, ya uor koochh 
moojh se mut kuho, kaghuz, 
ghullu, rusud, charpayon 
wughuere ke liye jo hookm 
hue so isee dum buja lana 
hoga, uor ooskee jokhon toom 
pur hue, sahib ! ugur ek 
ghuree kam muoqoof kuro. 
yih hone ka nuheen, yih 
kam kul tumam nu ho su- 
kega. 

ube ! soon, huzaron kee ja- 
nen is pur lugeen huen, sur- 
kar kee hifazut, humaree 
mihnuti dilee pur muoqoof 
hue, pus muen kubhee uese 
wuqt men uesee bat tere 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



163 



casion those words escape moonh se nu soonoon, ki 

from your tongue. " hone ka nuheen." 

mark what i say, the whole yad rukho jo muen kuhta 

business must and shall be hoon, chahiye ki aj hee rat 



done this very night, if it 
should cost your life, or my 
name is not 



well, master 1 , as you are so 
fearful of delays, and so po- 
sitive, every thing shall be 
settled as you order. 

that is now speaking like a 
man; and recollect once for 



tumam kam tueyar ho, bul- 
ki, khwah mukhwah tueyar 
hoga, go is men toomharee 
jan ja,e, ugur nu ho to mera 
nam fulanu nuheen. 
khuer, sahib! jo toom deri- 
yon se itna durte ho, uor 
urte ho, to sub koochh toom- 
hare hookm ke mootabiq poo- 
ra hoga. 

ub admee kee turuh bolte 
ho ; uor sub ke liye ek bar- 



all, that the people in this gee yad rukho, ki is duftur 

office, on which so much khane ke logon pur jo itna 

depends, must be daring as bhurosa hue, jub kisee zu- 

lions, and industrious as rooriyat pur oon ko kam 



ants, when their services 
are wanted upon any emer- 
gency. 

assenting and dissenting. 
i cannot believe he ever told 



kurna pure, tub chahiye ki 
we sheron kee turuh him- 
mutee, uor chyoontiyon kee 
manund mihnutee hon. 
raz.ee hona uor naraz hona. 
mere tu ( een yih yuqeen nu- 
you so, after telling me the heen ki oos ne moojh se khilaf 
reverse. kuhkur kubhee toom se uesa 

kuha ho. 

bhula, oos se poochhiye to 
suheeh, ugur muen jhooth 
kuhta hoon to moojhe suza 
deeje. 



well, ask him, and if i 
speak falsely, then punish 
me. 



m 2 



164 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



i heard another say so like- 
wise. 

i will never agree to this 9 i 
assure you. 

how could he suppose that 
it would ever be assented to 
by any one? 

it is as i say, i assure you, 
you may believe it or not as 
you please. 

it has the appearance of 
truth certainly, many others 
have told me the same story 
repeatedly, it must be true, 
do you agree to my terms ? 
if not i must go elsewhere. 

he is so situated, that he 
must agree to what i pro- 
pose. 

you may propose it, but i 
am certain they wont agree 
to take it on such terms, 
this is a very unreasonable 
proposition of your's, and 
i am surprised you can men- 
tion it. 

you have often taken it at 

more. 

we shall never, i am afraid, 

agree upon this subject ; it 



muen ne kisee uor ko bhee 
yoon kuhte soona hue. 
muen such kuhta hoon, is 
men muen kubhee razee 
hone ka nuheen. 
wooh kyoonkur sumjhe ki 
ise ko,ee kubhee qubool ku- 
rega ? 

such muen juesa kuhta hoon 
wuesa hee hue, toom yih 
mano ya nu mano. 
ulbuttu yih to zahira such 
mu,uloom hota hue, uksu- 
ron ne moojh se yih qissu ku- 
ha hue, chahiye ki such ho. 
ap meree bat qubool kurte 
huen ? nuheen to moojhe ku- 
heen uor jana hoga. 
wooh uesee halut men hue 
ki jo koochh muen kuhta 
hoon so oosko manna purega. 
toom yih kuho, pur moojhe 
yuqeen hue ki we uese iqrar 
pur lene ko razee nu honge. 
toomhara yih nihayut na 
mu ( uqool mooquddimu hue, 
uor moojhe tu,ujjoob hue ki 
toom se iska zikr ho sukta 
hue. 

toom ne uksur is se ziyadu 
dekur isko liya hue. 
muen durta hoon ki is bat 
men hum toom kubhee razee 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



165 



has been a constant bone of nu honge ; humare beech 
contention between us. men humeshu quziye ka su- 

bubi quwee yihee hoo,a hue. 
understanding and remem- sumujhna uor yad 

bering. kurna. 

he either will not or can- wooh meree bat sumjhega 
not understand me. nuheenya sumujh sukta nu- 

heen. 
do you easily understand toom ooske mu,une suhuj 
his meaning? if you do, i men sumujhte ho? sumu- 
cannot. jho to sumjho, pur rauen 

nuheen sumujhta. 
well, endeavour to explain bhula, toom muqdoor bhur 
it to me as well as you can, moojhe sumjhane ka qusd 

kuro. 
how can i recollect what itne urse kee bat ko muen 
happened so long ago, and kyoonkur yad kuroon, phir 
so minutely as you require? itnee tuhqeeqat se juesee 

toom chahte ho ? 
do not forget this as you ise mut bhoolo juese toom 
formerly did. age bhoole the. 

make me recollect this to- kul jub wooh awe, tub be 
morrow when he comes, oozr moojhe yih yad dilana. 
without fail. 



i shall make him compre- 
hend the contents some way 
or other, depend upon it, 

hearing, 
do you hear what i say to 
you? 

let one speak at a time, i 
cannot understand your 



muen oose iska muzmoon 
kisee nu kisee turuh sum- 
jha,oonga, yuqeen jano. 

soonna. 
toom soonte ho jo muen toom 
se kuhta hoon ? 
baree baree kuho, muen 
toomhara qissu sumujh sukta 



166 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



story, there is so much noise 
and confusion. 

he is deaf, i believe ; he does 
not appear to hear a single 
word they are saying. 

i heard you myself making a 
noise, and now you deny it. 

do not disturb us now with 

your noisy complaints. 

we shall first hear him, and 

afterwards you. 

did they listen to your story 

with patience ? 

i cannot at present hear any 
further, eome to-morrow. 

silence these noisy people at 

the gate. 

who is that making such an 

uproar there f 

let him tell his own story as 

briefly as he can. 

you enlarge so much upon 

every particular, who can 

with patience listen to it? 
going and coming. 

who is that going along there ? 

did these people arrive yester- 
day, or the day before f 
tell them all to come here the 
day after to-morrow 



nuheen, itna shor uor uesee 
ghubrahut hue. 
yuqeen kiwooh buhrahue, jo 
we kuhte huen, mu,uloom 
hota hue, ki ooska ek lufz 
bhee wooh nuheen soonta. 
muen ne ap toomhen shor 
kurte soona hue, uor ub toom 
in,kar kurte ho. 
toom ub shor o furyad se 
humen diqq mut kuro. 
hum puhle ooskee soonenge 
peechhe toomharee. 
oonhon ne tcomhara qissu tu- 
hummool se soona tha. 
is wuqt muen uor koochh 
soon nuheen sukta, kul a,o. 
durwaze pur oon ghuogha,ee 
logon ko choop kurwa,o. 
kuon wuhan uesa shorshar 
kurta hue ? 

wooh upna uhwal jitna 
mookhtusur kuh suke kuhe. 
toom hur ek mooquddime ko 
itna tool kurte ho, kuon ise 
tuhummool se soonega. 

jana uor ana. 
wuhan wooh kuon chula ja- 
ta hue ? 

ye log kul puhoonche the ya 
purson ? 

oon se kuho ki purson yu- 
han sub awen. 



in how many days can we 
reach such a place by land f 

from what part of the country 
are you come ? 

go there and inquire whether 
they be arrived yet or not. 

if he does not go more quickly, 
how can he arrive at the time 
you wish he should? 

allow them to breathe a little 

before they set out again. 

go slow before me to such a 

place. 

let them all go along with me. 

come near me. 

first turn to the right, and 
having advanced a little, then 
to the left, after which pro- 
ceed straight forwards, 
having done so, tell them to 
return as quickly as they can. 

i cannot go now, but shall in 
the evening. 

how many have arrived, and 
how many are still expected f 
go away, why do you come 
so near. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 167 

khooshkee kee rah hum kue 
din men fulanee juguh pu- 
hoonch sukenge ? 
toom is des kee kis turuf se 
aye ho ? 

wuhan ja,o uor poochho ki 
we ub tuluk a puhoonche 
huen ki nuheen. 
ugur wooh is se juld nu 
chule, to jub toom chahte 
ho tub wooh kjoonkur pu- 
hoonchega ? 

phir ruwanu hone ke age 
oonhen zura dum lene do. 
mere age ahuste ahuste fu- 
lanee jugih tuk chulo. 
con sub ko mere sathee sath 
jane do. 
mere pas a.o. 

puhle dahnee turuf pMro, 
uor zura age burhkur ba ( een 
turuf phirna, ooske bu,ud 
seedhe age chule jana. 
yih kam kurke, oon se kuho 
ki jitnee juldee ho suke phir 
awen. 

muen ub ja nuheen sukta, 
pur sham ko ja,oonga. 
kitne puhoonche huen uor 
kitne puhoonchne ko huen? 
chule jao, kyoon toom itna 
nuzdeek ate ho ? 



168 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



how far is that place from 
town f 

of the weather and 
seasons, 
the rainy 'season is approach- 
ing. 

it has rained without inter- 
mission these two days, 
what sort of a morning is 
it, has it still the appear- 
ance of rain f 
it rains now a little, and 
the sky is quite overcast 
with clouds. 

see how damp all these 
clothes are. 

we hear it has rained so 
incessantly there, that the 
whole country is overflowed, 
$ many villages swept away, 
how long does this season 
continue in general ? 
i think it is now breaking 
up, as the sky is quite clear 
to-day. 

there is a thick fog this 

morning. 

last night a great deal of 

dew fell. 

does the sun shine f 

there is a violent storm 

coming from that quarter. 



wooh juguh shuhr se kitnee 

door hue? 

ueyam uor muosim ka 

uhwal. 

bursat ke ueyam ate huen. 

in do din men bila naghu 
minh bursa hue. 
yih kuesee fujur hue, ub 
tuluk kya panee ke asar 
huen ? 

ub thora burusta hue, uor 
asman men ubr bilkocll chha 
ruha hue. 

dekho ye sub kupre surdee 
se kuese num huen 
hum soonte huen ki wuhan 
lugatar uesa minh bursa hue 
ki turn am moolk doob guy a, 
uor buhoot ganw buh gu,e. 
yih muosim uksur kub tu- 
luk ruhta hue ? 
muen sumujhta hoon ki ub 
muoqoof hone pur hue, 
kyoon ki asman aj bilkooll 
saf hue. 

aj fujur ko buhoot koohasa 
hue. 

rat ko buhoot see os puree 
thee. 

dhoop hotee hue ? 
oos turuf se buree andhee 
atee hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



169 



it thundered very much last 
night, and there was a 
great deal of lightning, 
was there any damage done 
by the lightning yesterday t 
which quarter is that ? 
this is the north, that the 
east, this the west, and here 
the south. 

that hill lies to the north- 
east ; the old castle to the 
north-west; you see at a 
distance a temple situated 
in a grove to the south-east; 
and to the south-west is a 
beautiful island surround- 
ed by the winding course of 
the river. 

the clouds are now totally 

dipersed. 

there is not now a breath of 

air stirring. 

this morning at sunrise it 

was rather cold. 

does the water ever freeze 

in the cold season ? 

it is now very cold indeed. 

there was a heavy shower 

of hail yesterday. 

i have seen no ice yet. 



rat ko badul buhoot gurja 

tha, uor bijlee buhoot chum- 

kee thee. 

kul bijlee se koochh nooq- 

san hoo,a tha ? 

wooh kuon simt hue ? 

yih oottur, wooh poorub, yih 

puch-chhum, uor yih duk- 

khun hue. 

wooh teela eesan kone men 

waqiu hue; pooranee kothee 

bayub men; toom dekho bu- 

ree door nuerit kee turuf 

durukhton ke jhoond men 

ek dewul ; uor ugin kee simt 

men ek khooshnooma juzee- 

ru ; jiskee charon or durya 

kee bankon se gheree hoo,ee 

hue. 

ub badul bilkooll phut guya. 

ub huwa mootluq nuheen 
chultee. 

fujur aftab nikulte koochh 
surdee thee. 

jare ke muosim men kub- 
hee panee jumta hue ? 
such ub buhoot surdee hue. 
kul ole[tugurg] khoobpure 
the. 

muen ne ub tuluk burf nu- 
heen dekhee. 



170 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



the sunshine is now very 
desirable. 

the days are getting hot 
quickly. 

the cold weather is entirely 
over. 

the hot wind even has com- 
menced blowing already, 
see how much dust is blown 
about. 

at mid-day the heat now is 
really so intolerable, that 
there is no going out of 
doors. 

this, however, is considered 
as the most healthy season 
by the natives, 
it is now dangerous to go 
out in the sun-shine, with- 
out something to protect 
you from it. 

are these storms of rain fre- 
quent ? they must be very 
acceptable in this season. 

time, <$fc. 
tell me exactly what the 
clock is. 
is your watch right now ? 

by the sun it must now be 
nearly mid-day. 



dhoop ub buhoot khoosh atee 

hue. 

roz bu roz gurmee juld 

burhtee chulee hue. 

surdee ka muosim bilkooll 

jata ruha. 

ub hee gurm huwa bhee 

chulne lugee. 

dekho kuesee gurd oortee 

hue. 

do puhur ko dhoop uesee 

purtee hue ki ghur se bahur 

koee nuheen nikulta hue. 

tuobhee yuhan ke log is 
ueyam ko uoron se (tubiyut 
ke) moowafiq jante huen. 
siwa ( e kisee asre ke ki jis se 
upne tu.een buchawe, dhoop 
men nikulna khutru hue. 

uesee jhuriyan uksur ho- 
teen huen? chahiye ki is 
ueyam men ye buhoot pu- 
sundeedu hon. 

wuqt wughueru. 
theek kuho moojh se ki kue 
gliuree din aya hue. 
ub toomharee ghuiee theek 
hue ? 

aftab ke undaz se qureeb 
do puhur hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 

the sun is now setting. 



171 



exactly at sun-rise will be 

a proper time. 

there is little or no twilight 

in this country. 

the days are now very short, 

next week they will begin 

to lengthen considerably. 

inquiring after health , fyc. 

go and inquire how he is to- 
day, and whether the fever 
has abated or not 9 

there is little or no difference 

this morning ; if any, he is 

rather worse than he was 

yesterday. 

how long have you been ill f 

he has intervals of ease now 
and then. 

how do you do to-day ? 
your general health is very 
good ; how long has this 
ague affected you ? 
i am now quite well again. 

they both suffered much be- 
fore they recovered, 
where did he receive this 



aftab ub ghooroob hone pur 
hue. 

aftab nikulte hee uch-chha 
wuqt hoga. 

is moolk men godhlee niha- 
yut kum hue. 
ub din buhoot chhote hue, 
ayunde hufte se thora bu- 
hoot burhne lugenge. 
khuer o afiyut wughueru 

poochhna. 
ja^ uor poochho ki wooh aj 
kuesa hue, uor tup men 
koochh tukhfeef hoo,ee hue 
ki nuheen ? 

aj fuj ur koochh thora sa tug- 
heer ho to ho ugur koochh 
hoo,a bhee hoga, to kul se 
beemaree kee ziyadutee men. 
kitne dinon se toom beemar 
hoo,e ho ? 

wuqfu kubhee kubhee hota 
hue. 

aj toom kuese ho ? 
uksur toomhara mizaj buhal 
ruhta hue, yih tupi lurzu 
kub se hoo,ee hue ? 
ub muen ne phir khoob aram 
paya hue. 

sihhut ke age oon donon ne 
buhoot se dookh pa,e. 
kuhan se oosko yih gha,o lu- 



IT* 

wound ? and here is a scar 
of another. 

he is still very lame and 
weak from the old wound. 

he should not fatigue him- 
self until he gains more 
strength, 
how old is the child now ? 

he appears to me to be a 

young man. 

he must be fifty years of 

age now. 

your constitution is very 

good yet. 

are you married or single ? 

how many children have 
you? 

are they all living ? 
where do your parents re- 
side ? 

my father has been dead 
many years ; but my mother 
is still living, and now very 
old, 

is your brother older or 
younger than you ? he looks 
much younger, 
my two sisters were mar- 
ried three years since, 
i have left my children at 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



gee? phir doosree ka nishan 

yuhan hue. 

wooh ub tuluk buhoot kum- 

zor uor lungra hue, poorane 

zukhum ke mare. 

lazim hue ki wooh upne 

tu,een nu thukawe jub tuluk 

ziyadu qoowwut nu pawe. 

wooh lurka ub kue burus ka 

hue ? 

moojhe mu,uloom hota hue 

ki wooh juwan hue. 

ooskee oomr ub puchas burus 

kee hogee. 

ub tuluk toomharee tubiyut 

buhoot uch-chhee hue. 

toomharee shadee hoo,ee ya 

moojurrud ho? 

toomhare kue lurke hoo,e ? 

we sub jeete huen ? 
toomhare ma bap kuhan 
ruhte huen ? 

ku,ee burus hoo,e mera bap 
mur guya; lekin meree ma 
ub tuk jeetee hue, uor ub 
buhoot booddhee hoo,ee hue. 
toomhara bha,ee toom se bu- 
ra hue ya chhota ? wooh bu- 
hoot chhota nuzur ata hue. 
teen burus hoo,e meree do 
buhnen byahee gu,ee huen. 
muen upne lurkon ko ghur 



hindoostanee dialogues. 173 

home, they are all too young men chhor aya boon, we sub 
to bring so far, buhoot chhote huen, itnee 

door a nuheen sukte. 
military dialogues. lushkuree soowal o juwab. 

order arms bundooq ootaro }o /w? bayonets sungeen chur- 
ha,o, shoulder arms bundooq kandhe pur rukho, present 
arms sulamee ka hath, charge bayonets sungeen ka hath, 
make ready ghora do pa,e pur churha,o, half cock firelocks 
ek pa,e pur ghora rukho, present shust lo (ya) bundooq 
jhooka,o, fire chhoro, dagho (ya) maro, handle cartridge 
tonte pur hath rukho, open pans phirjoola (ya) piyalu- 
kholo, prime runjuk pila,o, load tonta bhuro, draw ram- 
rod guz nikalo, ram down cartridge tonta guz se maro, 
return ramrod guz phir do, seize the firelock with a firm 
grasp bundooq moothiyake pukro, prime and load run- 
juk pila ( o, tonta bhuro, recover arms kan se maro, dress 
by the right duheene nuzur kuro, burabur ho ja,o, dress 
by the left ba,en nuzur kuro, burabur ho ja,©, eyes to the 
right duheene nuzur, eyes to the left ba,en nuzur, by the 
right backwards dress duheene dekh peechhe hutke bu- 
rabur ho jao, by the left backwards dress ba,en dekh 
peechhe hutke burabur ho ja,o, by the right forwards 
dress duheene dekh age burhke burabur ho ja,o, by the 
left forwards dress ba,en dekh age burhke burabur ho 
ja,o, to the right face duheene phiro, to the left face ba ( en 
phiro, to the right about face duheene se adha chukkur 
phiro, to the left about face ba ( en se adha chukkur phiro, 
rear ranks, take open order pichharee kholo, rear ranks, 
take close order pichharee milo, pile arms bundooq je oo- 
ree kuro, ground arms bundooq soola ( o, stand at ease 
hath mila ( o (ya) maro, attention jangh se hath mila.o, 
keep up your heads sir oothao, ordinary time, march 
thumbe qudum se age chulo, step short eree ungoothe ke 



174 hindoostanee dialogues. 

pas rukh dheere qudum chulo, quick march juldee qudum 
ootha,o, step out lumba qudam rukho, change the step 
qudum budlo, halt khure mho, to the right wheel du- 
heene khoont pur samhne se chukkur kha,o, to the left 
wheel ba,en khoont pur samhne se chukkur kha,o, on 
your right backwards wheel duheene khoont pur peechhe 
se chukkur kha,o, on your left backwards ivheel ba,en 
khoont pur peechhe se chukkur maro, the company will 
step back sioo paces kumpunee chhu qudum peechhe hu- 
tega, to the left, or right, oblique ba,en ya duheene tirch- 
ha qudum chulo, point your toes panw ke punje duba,o, 
to wheel on the centre beech ke khoont pur chukkur 
marna, mark time upnee juguh khure ho qudum ootha ( o, 
to march ivijile qutar chulna, the company will advance 
kumpunee age burhe, the recruits will go to ball practice 
every evening hur roz sham ko nu,e sipahee chand maree 
ke waste ja.enge, there will be an inspection of arms to- 
morrow morning, see that they are all very clean fujur 
• kul kante kee dikha.ee hogee dekh ki sub uch-chhee turuh 
saf ruhen, take care that the supernumerary arms are 
cleaned every day khuburdar ki surunjam jo oobaroo (ya 
ufzood) hue roz roz mula jawe, bring me a written re- 
port of the company daily kumpunee ka uhwal roz roz 
humare pas likh laya kuro, when were you enlisted 9 
toom kub nuokur hoo,e ? press the butt well to the shoul- 
der koonda mondhe pur uch-chhee turuh duba ( o, pull the 
trigger strong with the middle finger beech kee ocnglee 
lub lubee pur zor se dabo, tell off the company into three 
sections kumpunee ko teen tolee kuro, the company will 
wheel in echellon of sections pultun tirchhee tolee hoja ( e- 
gee ; pultun seerhee ka kam kurega, at what time does 
the battalion march to-morrow morning fujur kis wuqt 
pultun kooch kuregee ? how many men are for picquet 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



175 



to-night? aj rat kitne juwan tilaye kee nuokuree ke 
waste huen ? 

the learner must consult the observations in page 145, as 
a preamble to the medical men's dialogues, by way of me- 
mento, not mori, but mores, as they of all others are 
expected to speak like gentlemen at least, if not as scho- 
lars, a doctor is very apt to observe, i will order this or 
that for his patient, and might stumble on the verb 
furmana, which is decorous in the mouth of a king only, 
or when the speaker talks to or of another ordering, ob- 
serving, &c. thus, jo ap furmate so dooroost hue, what 
your worship remarks is just. 

tibbee soowal o juwab. 
kuho toomhara kya uhwal 
hue ? 

tup hoo,ee hue. 
kitne dinon se toom beemar 
hoo,e ho ? 
chhu ya sat din se. 
puhletoomhen tup kyoonkur 
a,ee thee ? 

buree thund uor lurze se, 
uor tumam uzoo men durd 
uor durdi sur bhee hoo ( a 
tha uor mu,uloom hota tha 
ki goya ko,ee surd panee 
meree reerh pur dalta tha. 
tis peechhe buhoot gurmee 
hoo,ee, piyas bhee buhoot 
lugee, sir bharee hoo,a uor 
durd bhee is shiddut sehoo,a 
ki kumputiyan turukne lu- 
geen, huwass y uhan tuk jate 



medical dialogues, 
what is the matter with you ? 

a fever. 

how long have you been ill? 

siw or seven days, 
how did the fever attack 
you at first? 

with great coldness, shiver- 
ing, pains in all my limbs, 
headach, and a sensation in 
my back like the pouring of 
cold water down my back- 
bone. 

i afterwards became exceed- 
ingly hot, with great thirst, 
fulness about the head, and 
throbbing of the temples, in- 
sufferable headach, and a 
confusion of ideas, which 



176 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



they tell me amounted to 
delirium. 

after some time a perspira- 
tion broke out, which re- 
lieved me much, and i fell 
asleep. 

the next morning, though 
much weakened, i felt my- 
self greatly better ; but in 
the afternoon the paroxysm 
returned with all its former 
symptoms. 

the shivering was less se- 
vere. 

though the fever has varied 
in degree, i do not believe 
it has been entirely off me 
since. 

feel my pulse, 
right, you have still a great 
deal of fever. 

what remedies have you ta- 
ken? 

none with any regularity ; 
i have been under a native 
doctor, who has given me 
some purgatives, but i be- 
lieve not of sufficient pow- 
ers, for my motions are still 
dark coloured and bilious, 
and by no means copious. 



ruhe ki log kuhte huen ki 
muen behosh hoo t a tha. 
bu,ud ghuree ek ke khoob 
puseena hoo,a uor is men 
took ek jee buhal hoo.a to 
muen so ruha. 
suwereugurchi nuqahut bu- 
ll oot thee, sath is kearam mu- 
jiiloom hota tha; pur teesree 
puhur ko phir oosee turuh 
se tup churhee. 

lurzu koochh kum tha. 

ugurchi tup men bu nisbuti 
sabiq tukhfeef hue, lekin 
mu^loom hota hue ki bil- 
kooll nuheen gu,ee. 
meree nubz to dekho. 
such,ubtuk toomharee nubz 
men buhoot tup hue ? 
kya duwa toom ne kha.ee 
hue. 

ihtiyat se koochh nuheen 
kha,ee ek hindoostanee hu- 
keem mera ilaj kurta tha 
oosne joollab diya hue, lekin 
sumujhta hoon ki oosne 
khoob usur nuheen kiya, 
kyoonki mere ja ( e zuroor ka 
rung ub tuluk kala uor su- 
frawee hue, mootluq khoolke 
nuheen hota. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



177 



you must now take some oosee turuh kee ko.ee duwa.e 

active medicine of that kind, quwwee toom ko khanee pu- 

regee. 

if the fever goes off, you jo tup jatee ruhe to koochh 

must then take some pow- pooryan phanknee puregee 

ders we use to prevent its jo hum dete huen ki phir 

return. tup nu awe. 

one every hour in a wine- urha.ee urha.ee ghureepeech- 



glassful of water. 

we generally take them in 
wine, but your religious te- 
nets, i suppose, will not al- 
low you to do so. 
as medicine i could take 
even wine ; but if water 
will do as well, i should 
prefer it. 

very well, try it in water to 
begin with. 

oh, doctor, i am glad to see 
you. 

this fever of mine still con- 
tinues. 

i have had a very bad night, 
and the pills have not ope- 
rated. 

i must order you a glyster, 
an injection, or lavement, 
immediately. 

i don't know what that is, 
but i will nevertheless take 



he goolabee bhur panee ke 

sath. 

hum uksur shurab ke sath 

khaya kurte huen, lekintoom 

upne muzhub ke roo se sha- 

yud kha nu suko. 

jo duwa ho to shurab bhee 

pee sukte huen pur ugur 

panee se ho suke to dil se 

qubool hue. 

uch-chha, panee ke sath 

shooroo.u kurke azma.o to 

suheeh. 

hukeem sahib, muen toom- 

hen dekkhur khrosh hoo,a. 

tup ub tuluk moojh ko hue. 

rat buree dookh se kutee, uor 

golee ne koochh fa,idu nu 

kiya. 

muen toomhare waste juld 

hooqne kee tudbeer kuroon- 

ga. 

wooh kya hue muen nuheen 

janta, lekin tuobhee muen 



178 



hindoostanee dialogues, 



it, if you think it necessary, 
for i have great confidence 
in your prescriptions. 

you have no appetite, i sup- 
pose. 

any sickness at stomach, or 
retching f 

any heartburn ? 

your urine is high coloured, 
i see. 

do you pass it freely, or 
have you any strangury? 
i had a strangury in the 
cold Jits ; but since then, i 
pass it more freely, though 
frequently, and very little 
at a time. 

put out your tongue. 

poh ! it is so covered with 
beetle, that i cannot see its 
actual state. 

have you any local pains 
about you, except the head- 
ache 
yes, i have a pain just un- 



loonga, ugur toom zuroor 
sumjho, kyoonki toomhare 
nooskhe pur meree buhoot 
khatir jumu,u hue. 
muen sumujhta hoon ki 
toomhen koochh bhookh nu- 
heen. 

kuho to toomhara jee yuhan 
tuk mutlata hue, ki que 
hoo,a chahtee hue ? 
koochh mi.ude men sozish 
hue? 

muen dekhta hoon ki toom- 
hare peshab ka rung zurd 
hue. 

peshab khoolkur hota hue, 
ya rook rook kur ? 
jub lurzu tha tub hubsool- 
buol tha lekin ooske bu,ud 
uch-chhee turuh se khoolkur 
hota hue ugurchi bar bar 
peshab kurta hoon, uor tho- 
ra thora hota hue. 
upnee zuban to bahur ni- 
kalo. 

oohho ! pan ke rung se jild 
iskee uesee dhumpee hue, 
ki khoob mu,uloom nuheen 
hota. 

durdi sur ke siwa uor ku- 
heen durd hue ? 

han, dahnee turuf uen pus- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



179 



der the short ribs of the 
right side ; aggravated on 
pressure, and on making a 
deep inspiration, 
i also feel it sometimes in 
the right shoulder. 

i suspect your liver is af- 
fected. 

let me examine it, does that 
pain you. 

yes, that is precisely the spot 
where thepain is most acute, 
you must use mercury both 
inwardly and by friction, 
until a salivation is pro- 
duced. 

do whatever you please, 
my mouth is now very sore. 

i spit a great deal, 
the pain in my side is quite 
gone. 

this mercury would be con- 
sidered as a severe disease 
in itself, if it were not of 
such signal use in removing 
maladies of a more danger- 
ous tendency. 

true, but i will order you a 
gargle, which will alleviate 

N 



lee ke neeche durd hue, du- 
bane se uor dum khuenchne 
se ziyadu hota hue. 

kubheekubhee dahne kand- 

he men bhee mu ( uloom hota 

hue. x 

moojhe shuk hue ki toomhare 

kuleje men koochh khulul 

hue. 

bhula tutoloon to kyoon ub 

dookhta hue ? 

han, oosee juguh durd bu- 

shiddut hue. 

toom ko pare kee duwa 

kurne puregee donon turuh 

se, yu.une khane se uor ma- 

lish kurne se, jub tuk ki 

moonh nu lawe. 

jo toom chaho so kuro. 

mere moonh men ub buhoot 

gha,o pure huen 

muen thookta hoon buhoot. 

meree bughul ka durd bil- 

kooll dufu,u hoo,a hue. 

ugur yih para buhoot bure 

murzon ke dufu,!! kurne se 

uesa mushhoor nu hota, to 

log iskee taseer ko ek sukht 

murz sumujhte. 

such hue,lekin muen too mhen 
ek ghurghuru butla,oonga, 
2 



180 



hindoostanee 



dialogues. 



the pain of your mouth, 
and dispose it to heal. 

you are very kind, 
will you do me the farther 
favour to look at my brother- 
in-law in the next room? 
he has been ill for a long 
time with a complaint in his 
bowels, for which he has 
taken many native reme- 
dies without effect, 
by all means i shall see him. 
do me the favour, sir, to 
describe your complaint to 
me. 

i have been ill, sir, of ajluoo 
for upwards of three months, 
during which time i have 
taken, i believe, every herb 
in the hindoostanee mate- 
ria medica, without any 
other effect that i can per- 
ceive, than that of turning 
my stomach at the nau- 
seousness of the doses. 

are you griped f 
are you much troubled with 
wind in the bowels, or vfith 
eructation from the sto- 
mach? 



wooh toomharemoonh ke durd 
ko fa ( idu kurega, uor gha,o 
bhee sookhawega. 
toom buhoot mihrban ho. 
mera sala oos kothree men 
hue oose toom mihrbanee 
kurke dekhoge ? 
woch pet ke durd ke mare 
buhoot dinonse beemar hue, 
uor is liye oos ne is moolk kee 
duwa buhoot see kee hue 
pur koochh fa,idu nu kiya. 
ulbuttu muen dekhoonga. 
sahib toom mihrbanee kur 
ke upne durd ka uhwal 
moojh se buy an kuro. 
sahib, teen muheene se ziy- 
adu hoo,a ki mera pet 
chuJta tha, is se muen bee- 
mar tha, iske durmiyan ju- 
han tuk hindoostanee du- 
wa, en theen so sub muen ne 
kha,een lekin usur oon ka 
uor to koochh mu uloom nu 
hoo,a mugur yihee ki mera 
zayuqu uesa bigar diya jo 
khane se jee bhagta hue. 
kya toom ko pechish hue? 
kya toomhare pet men ba,ee 
hue jis se toom dookh pate 
ho, ya dikar se? 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



181 



how many stools have you 
daily upon an average ? 
are they accompanied with 
griping? 

are they merely feculent 
motions? 

are they composed chiefly of 
blood and slime? 
sometimes after taking pur- 
gatives, a, few round hard 
lumps are discharged, some 
of which have the appear- 
ance of fat or suet, 
have you observed worms 
in them or any membrane- 
ous substance, not unlike a 
piece of thin bladder soaked 
in water ? 

of what kind were the 
worms ? 

were they long and round, 
like the earth worm; or 
long and broad, like a piece 
of tape, and divided into 
joints ? 

were they very small and 
white, like little pieces of 
thread, not exceeding a 
quarter of an inch to half 
an inch in length ? 
have you not always felt 
relieved after the operation 
of purgatives? 



hur roz toomhen kue dust 

surasuree ate huen ? 

pet men kya murora hue? 

toomhara ja,e zuroor kya 

putla uor muela hue? 

c»s men kya anw lohoo bu- 

hoot sa mila hue? 

joollab ke lene ke bund kub- 

hee thoree see gol gol sukht 

goothliyan mkultee huen uor 

koochh oon men churbee see 

nuzur atee hue. 

toom ne oos men keere dekhe 

huen ya koochh chhichhre 

juesa panee men putla 

phookna bhigone se ho jata 

hue? 

we keere kis turuh ke the? 

we kya lumbe uor gol kench- 
we kee turuh the ; ya lumbe 
uor chuore qor kee manund 
bund bund joode ? 

kya we buhoot chhote soo- 
fued soot ke burabur the, 
uor lumba,ee men do juo se 
kum nuheen uor adh oonglee 
se ziyadu nuheen? 
humeshu joollab ke bu,ud 
toom kya aram nuheen pate 
the? 



182 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



on the contrary, all your 

symptoms aggravated after 

taking any thing of an 

astringent nature? 

how long have you had a 

fever on you? 

pray let me feel your pulse. 

have you a continual thirst 

on you ? 

in what state are your 

bowels? 

have you a pain in your 

head? 

do you feel fatigued? 

are you restless at night? 

how many days is it since 
you have been taken ill? 
what do you complain of? 

do you find the pain in 
your right side very violent? 

place your hand exactly on 
the part you find most pain- 

have you any difficulty in 
breathing? 

i shall send you some me- 
dicine, 
you are to take them in the 



bur khilaf is ke kuselee 
cheez ke khane se phir sub 
ulamuten ziyadu hoo.een? 

kub se toom ko tup hoo,ee 

hue? 

a,o toomharee nubz to dek- 

hoon. 

kya toomhen chutka luga 

hue? 

pet toomhara kuesa hue? 

toom ko kya durdi sur hue? 

toom upne tu,een koochh soost 

pate ho? 

rat ko kya neend nuheen 

purtee hue? 

kue din hoo,e jub se toom 

beemar pure ho ? 

tusdee.ii toomhen kis bat kee 

hue? 

toomharee dahnee bughul 

men kya durd bu-shiddut 

hue ? 

juhan toomhen buhoot durd 

mu.uloom hota hue oosee ju- 

guh hath rukho. 

dum lene ke wuqt koochh 

tusdee,u hotee hue ? 

muen toomhen koochh duwa 

bhej doonga. 

jis turuh kuhoon oosee turuh 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



183 



evening, agreeably to my 
instructions. 

in the meantime, take great 
care of yourself, 
do not catch cold, 
be not persuaded by native 
doctors to take their medi- 
cines. 

i am well convinced they 
will not be of any service 
to you. 

they may do you a great 
deal of injury, 
they administer our medi- 
cines very frequently, with 
which they are entirely un- 
acquainted. 

how do you find yourself 
to-day ? 

did the medicine i sent last 
night produce a good effect? 

were you in much pain 
from the plaster 9 

if the pain continues, we 
must have recourse to mer- 
cury. 

but as you have an aversion 
to taking it internally, we 
shall throw it in by the ex- 
ternal method. - 
if the two pills you are to 



sham ke wuqt oonhen khana. 

bilfi.ul khoob ihtiyat se ru- 
hiyo. 

surdee nu khana. 
yuhanketubeebon ke kuhne 
pur oon kee duwa en nu kha- 
neen. 

moojhe yuqeen hue we toom 
ko koochh fa,idu nu kuren- 
geen. 

we toom ko buhoot zurur pu- 
ll ooncha wen. 

we humaree duwa, en uksur 
istiumal kurte huen, pur oon 
se mootluq waqif nuheen. 

kyoon toom aj halut upnee 

kuesee dekhte ho ? 

jo duwa muen ne rat ko 

bhejee thee oosne koochh 

fa,idu kiya ki nuheen ? 

toom ne kya rat ko mur- 

hum ke subub buhoot dookh 
j 

paya hue ? 

ugur durd uor ruhega to 

pare kee duwa kurnee pu- 

regee. 

jo toomhara jee khane se be- 

zar hue to is murz ko malish 

se dufu,u kurwa,enge. 

do goliyan jo toom rat ko 



184 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



take at night, do not operate 
well, you will mix this pow- 
der in two or three spoon- 
fuls of water ; and, stirring 
it well, drink the whole in 
the morning. 

you can take a little gruel, 
or weak tea, to assist the 
operation of the purge, 
this place is too low, damp, 
and close; have you no bet- 
ter room in this mansion? 



your fever never will leave 
you while you sleep in a 
place like this, 
you must remain very quiet, 
and do not allow a crowd 
of people to assemble in 
your apartment, till you get 
fairly well again, 
are you sensible of any par- 
ticular taste in your mouth? 
do you perspire much? 

are you sensible of any heat 
in the palms of your hands 
or the soles of your feet ? 
have you any flushing in 
your face? 

when is the cough most 
troublesome to you? 



kha,oge, ugur we fa,idu nu 
kuren to isee poorya ko do 
ya teen chumche panee men 
milakur uch-chhee turuh hi- 
laiyo uor suwere cose sub 
ka sub pee ja,iyo. 
thoree peech ya pheekee cha 
peena ki joollab uch-chha 
umul kure. 

yih juguh buhoot neechee 
surd, tung, hue, uor is hu- 
welee men kya uor ko,ee 
uch-chhee kothree nuheen 
hue? 

toom jub tuluk uesee juguh 
soya kuroge, hurgiz toom- 
haree tup dufu,u nu hogee. 
toom khoob chuen se ru- 
hoge, uor jub tuk ki toom 
phir uch-chhee turuh chun- 
ge nu ho, logon kee bheer 
upne ghur men hone nu do. 
toomhare moonh ka muzu bi- 
gra hoo,a hue ki nuheen? 
toomhen buhoot puseena ata 
hue? 

toomharee huthelee men ya 
tuloowon men koochh gur- 
mee mu,uloom hotee hue ? 
kya toomhara chihru tutn- 
tumata hue ? 

khansee kub buhoot ziyadu 
hotce hue ? 






hindoostanee dialogues. 



185 



do you spit blood, or any 
thing like matter? 
what is the general colour 
of your spittle? 
are you apt to faint at 
times after a violent Jit of 
coughing ? 

yes, in warm weather this 
often happens, and i am 
forced to appease the ex- 
cessive coughing by opium, 
how old is the child ? 
about nine months, 
have any of its teeth ap- 
peared yet ? 

there is one now cutting 
through the gums, 
is its belly very open ? 

yes, very much so. 
has the child ever been sub- 
ject to convulsions while 
teething ? 

does the child suck its mo- 
therms or any other persons 
milk ? 

have any fruits or raw ve- 
getable stuff been lately gi- 
ven to the child ? 
never let it eat any unripe 
trash from the market. 



toom lohoo thookte ho ya 

koochh peeb sa? 

toomhare thook ka rung uk- 

sur kuesa hue ? 

toom kubhee kubhee buhoot 

khanste khanste betab hote 

ho? 

han, gurmee ke muosim men 

uksur uesa hota hue, muen 

lachar hokur ufyoon khakur 

khansee ko suhata hoon. 

is lurke kee kya opmr hue ? 

qureeb nuo muheene kee. 

ub tuluk ooska ko.ee dant 

nikla hue ? 

ek dant ub musoore ko 

cheerkur nikla chahta hue. 

ooska pet kya buhoot chulta 

hue? 

han, buhoot. 

dant nikulte hoo,e kubhee 

wooh ukur guya tha ? 

yih lurka upnee ma ka 
doodh peeta hue ya uor ki- 
see ka ? 

koochh phul ya kuchchee 
turkaree aj kul oos lurke ko 
khila,ee gu,ee hue ? 
bazar ka koochh kuchcha 
sag pat hurgiz oose khane 
ko nu dena. 



186 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



what is the matter with the 

man? 

he is subject to the epilepsy, 

and is now in a Jit. 

open his collar, sprinkle some 

cold water in his face, don't 

crowd round him, and he will 

recover immediately. 

why are you crying, boy ? 
a mad dog has this instant 
bit me on the arm, and the 
wound is bleeding- a great 
deal. 

let it bleedfreely, my lad, there 
is no fear, if you will suck 
the part with all your might 
till i bring hot water to wash it. 



will this do me no harm ? 

none at all, provided you con- 
tinue spitting every thing from 
your mouth all the time you 
suck the wound, 
sir, this man in a ft of an- 
ger has swallowed a large 
piece of opium, 
give him a vomit instantly, 
and assist the evacuation with 
a large draught of warm wa- 
ter and vinegar. 



is shukhs ka kya uhwal 

hue? 

oose mirgee hoo,ee hue uor 

ub behosh hue. 

ooske gireban ko khol do, 

uor koochh surd panee ooske 

moonh pur chhirko, bheer 

ooske pas hone nu do wooh 

ubhee aram pawega. 

ue lurke too k yoon rota hue? 

isee wuqt ek ba,ola kootta 

mere bazoo men kat guya, 

uor zukhm se khoon buhoot 

jaree hue. 

baba khoob turuh lo hoo 

buhne do, muen jub tuk 

gurm panee ooske dhone ke 

liye la.oon tub tuluk toom 

oosee juguh ko chooste ruho, 

koochh dur nuheen. 

is men to koochh dur nu 

hoga ? 

mootluq nuheen lekin jub 

lug toom chooso, thookte 

ruho. 

sahib, yih shukhs ghoosse ke 
mare buhoot see ufeem kha 
guya hue. 

oose ubhee que kurwa do, 
uor que hone ke waste bu- 
hoot sa gurm panee uor sir- 
ku pilwa do. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



187 



get a strong glyster also rea- 
dy, and put a quantity of 
castor oil in it, that we may 
administer this after he has 
been well vomited, 
a cart has driven over this 
poor woman, sir, and crushed 
her elbow joint to pieces. 



this is very bad indeed, i must 
amputate above the joint, to 
save the patienfs life, 
oh, sir! i will rather die than 
submit to that, i can never 
bear the pain of it. 
it is not half so bad as you 
now suffer from this shocking 
wound. 

you will soon recover, and be 
able to bring up these two 
little children, which i see are 
yours. 

if you obstinately persist in 
your own opinion, i can only 
say you run every risk of 
dying in a few days, and 
leaving" your children as or- 
phans on the wide world, 
are you this unfortunate wo- 
man's husband ? 
yes, doctor, i am, and as you 
say she must lose her arm to 



pichkaree kee duwa bhee 
tueyar kuro uor thora sa 
urundee ka tel oos men mi- 
la^ ki jub wooh khoob que 
kur chooke tub oose doonga. 
sahib, ek garee is becharee 
rundee ke oopur se chulee 
gu.ee hue, uor ooskee kooh- 
nee koochul kur choor ho- 
gu ( ee. 

yih buhoot booree chot hue, 
ooske bucha,o ke liye oopur 
se hath kat dalna hoga. 
ue sahib ! is se murna qu- 
bool hue, muen iska durd 
hurgiz nu suh sukoongee. 
jitna bura durd is chot ka 
ub toom suhtee ho ooska ad- 
ha bhee yih nu hoga. 
toom juld chungee ho ja ( ogee 
uor ye chhote lurke jo toom- 
hare huen pal sukogee. 

ugur toom upnee hee bat 
pur hut kurogee, to muen 
kuhta hoon thore dinon men 
jan jokhon ootha,ogee uor 
lurkon ko yoonheen doonya 
men yuteem chhor ja ( ogee. 
toom isee becharee uorut ke 
khusum ho ? 

han hukeem jee, muen hee 
hoon, toom jo kuhte ho ki 



188 hindoostanee dialogues. 

save her life, i shall persuade ooskee jan buchane ke liye 
her to submit to your advice, ooske bath ko katna hoga, 

pus muen cose munwa.oonga 
ki toomharee sulah mane. 
that is like a man; she will yih murdon ka kam hue, 
soon recover the loss of her wooh hath ke katne se juld 
arm, but in my opinion can- aram pa,egee, pur mere nuz- 
not survive the effects of this deek yoon is chot se nu 
wound. buchegee. 

her whole fore arm must mor- ooska hath koohnee tuk bil- 
tify, she will fall a victim to kooll sur ja,ega, cosee se ak- 
the effects of that mortification, hir howegee. 

should the annexed conversation ever catch the eye of 
any enlightened civil or military ruler in british india, it 
is probable enough that copies of it will be printed and 
distributed all over the country, according to the inten- 
tion expressed in page 209 ; and to render such notifi- 
cation more useful, the different medical boards might 
be instructed to amend or enlarge the whole theme for 
the common weal, that many of my pupils may at pre- 
sent be found able and willing to execute the task ad- 
vantageously, there can be no doubt; nor can a liberal 
government grudge so small an expence for an object of 
so much importance to their millions of asiatic subjects, 
who are still exposed to die annually in thousands from 
the ravages of the small-pox alone. 

the subjoined intelligence was recently consigned to me, 
as a fact communicated to the public by a medical gen- 
tleman of eminence in the Scottish capital, a mode of 
vaccination has been lately suggested by him, as a test 
of the due absorption of the virus, which experience has 
proved to be as unequivocal, as its practice is safe and 
simple. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



189 



if a second puncture is made on the same or the other 
arm, with matter obtained from the same subject as the 
former, or from a fresh one, at the distance of four days 
from the first operation, both pustules will arrive at ma- 
turity on one and the same day, that is about the eighth 
or ninth ; this will invariably be the case if the vacci- 
nation has been successful ; otherwise both pustules will 
probably proceed to maturation independently of each 
other. 



jennerian dialogues between 
a european physician and 
a hindoo. 
have you any children f 
yes, sir, i have two, a son 
and daughter. 

have they both had the small- 
pox ? 

the son has, but the daughter 
not. 

was the son inoculated, or did 
he catch the disease naturally? 

he was inoculated by a priest. 

what ! are the priests also 

doctors ? 

sometimes, especially in the 

practice of inoculation. 

was your son very ill after he 

was inoculated f 

by no means, the small-pox 
appeared in the most favour- 



gooftogoo ek hukeemi fu- 
rung uor ek hindoo ke 
durmiyan. 
toomhare ko,ee lurke huen ? 
han sahib, do huen, ek lur- 
ka uor ek lurkee. 
oon donon kee seetla nikul 
chookee hue ? 

lurke ke niklee hue, lekin 
lurkee ke nuheen. 
lurke ko puchhne diye gu,e 
huen ya seetla ap se niklee 
hue ? 

ek bruhmun ne oose puchh- 
na diya tha. 

kya ! bruhmun bhee bued 
hote huen ? 

kubhee hote huen khoosoos 
puchhne ke kam men. 
puchhne dene ke bu,ud toom- 
hara beta kya buhoot beemar 
hoo,a tha ? 

mootluq nuheen, seetla bu- 
hoot uch-chhee turuh niklee 



190 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



able manner, and he immedi- 
ately recovered. 
is this always the case ? 
no, the patients are sometimes 
very ill. 

do you mean to get your 
daughter also inoculated f 
certainly, why not ? 
are you not afraid of any ac- 
cident happening to her from 
inoculation ? 
not in the least 
do those inoculated never die 
from the small-pox f 

very seldom ; perhaps not one 
in three hundred. 

is the small-pox by inoculation 
catching or not f 

without doubt it is catching, 
then in what manner do those 
children who never had the 
small-pox, escape infection, 
when they come near an ino- 
culated patient ? 
why, they take their chance, 
to be sure, and often die ac- 
cordingly, 
had they not been infected with 



thee, uor wooh juld chunga 
hoo ( a. 

humeshu uesa hee hota hue? 
nuheen, jin ko puchhne dete 
huen we kubhee buhoot bee- 
mar hote huen. 
toom upnee lurkee ko bhee 
puchhne diya chahte ho ? 
ulbuttu. kyoon nuheen ? 
toom hen lurkee ko puchhne 
dene se koochh dur to nu- 
heen ? 

mootluq nuheen. 
jin ko puchhne diye jate 
huen we kya kubhee uesee 
seetla se nuheen murte huen? 
buhoot kum, shayud teen 
sue men ek bhee nuheen 
murta hue. 

puchhne kee seetla men 
chlxoot lugtee hue ki nu- 
heen ? 

be shuk chhoot purtee hue. 
pus jin lurkon ke seetla nu 
niklee ho we ugur kisee 
puchhne diye hoo,e lurke 
ke pas jawen ye to kyoon- 
kur chhoot se buchte huen? 
we upnee qismut ka bhu- 
rosa rukhte huen, uor oosee 
men uksur murte bhee huen. 
uguroon ko seetla keechhoot 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



191 



the small-pox, do not you think 
they would have lived f 
how could they 9 when it was 
their fate to die. 
can fate produce good as well 
as evil ? 

undoubtedly it can. 
then suppose fate has so or- 
dered matters, that i shall 
communicate a new and per- 
fectly safe mode of inocula- 
tion to you, will you adopt it 
for your daughter f 



yes, provided there be nothing 
contrary to our religion in 
the process, and you can 
prove that it is better than 
our own mode, 
that i will with pleasure. 

first, not one in 10,000 dies; 
nay, it is even doubted whe- 
ther a single death has ever 
been occasioned by this new 
mode of inoculation, 
second, few are so ill as to re- 
quire any attendance ; and the 
eruption, if such it can be 
called, is confined to a single 
pustule at the inoculated part. 



nu lugtee to toom nuheen 
jante ho ki we buch ruhte? 
jo oon kee qismut men muot 
ho to kyoonkur buchenge ? 
qismut se kya boora,ee bhu- 
la^e bhee ho suktee hue ? 
be shuk ho suktee hue. 
tuo jano ki goya qismut hee 
ne yih hookm kiya hue ki 
puchhne dene ka ek nuya 
uor buhoot uch-chha dhub 
jo hue muen toomhen but- 
laoon, toom oose upnee lur- 
kee ke waste ukhz kuroge 
ki nuheen ? 

ulbuttu, ugur humaree ki- 
tab ke tuor se koochh khi- 
laf nu ho, uor toom sabit 
kur suko, ki yih humare 
tuor se bihtur hue. 
yih to muen kuroonga khoo- 
shee se. 

puhle to yih, ki is nu,e 
dhub ke puchhne dene se 
dus huzar men se ek, bulki 
ko,ee bhee, nuheen murta 
hue. 

doosre ki ko,ee uesa beemar 
kum purta hue ki ooskee 
khuburgeeree zuroor ho ; 
uor ugur koochh nikle to ju- 
han pachhte huen wuheen 
sirf ekphoonseesee hoteehue. 



192 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



third, no person catches in- 
fection from it. 
fourth, the person inocu- 
lated is never afterwards 
subject either to the inocu- 
lated or the natural small- 
pox. 

fifth, no bad ulcers nor sores 
ever appear in the inocula- 
ted part, nor does it ever 
leave in the constitution a 
disposition to other diseases, 
as the small-pox is supposed 
to have done. 

if what you allege be true, 
the new plan is certainly 
far better than the old. 

will you bring your child 
now f and i will at once 
inoculate her in the new 
way. 

but first tellme what this new 
operation is, and whence the 
matter comes, with which 
you inoculate. 

a physician in our country, 
named jenner, first disco- 
vered the new mode, by ob- 
serving that in his town, 
those people who milked 
cows, and caught a parti- 



teesre, kisee shukhs ko is se 
chhoot nuheen lugtee hue. 
chuothe, jisko puchhne dije 
gu,e hon oosko phir kubhee 
kisee turuh kee seetla nu 
niklegee. 

panchwen, juhan puchhne 
lugte huen, booree turuh ka 
gha,o ya nasoor nuheen hota 
hue, uor juesa ki uor seetla 
se uor uor murz uksur pue- 
da hote huen, so is men nu- 
heen hote huen. 
jo toom kuhte ho ugur such 
hue, to be shuk yih nuya 
tuor poorane dhub se buhoot 
bihtur hue. 

upnee lurkee toom ubhee 
la,o? to ek bargee muen 
oose nu,e dhub se puchhna 
doon. 

lekin puhle moojhe buta.o 
ki yih nuya kam kya hue, 
uor wooh panee kuhan ka 
hue, ki jise toom lugakur 
puchhne dete ho. 
humare moolk men jenner 
sahib nami ek hukeem hue, 
oo q ne jub dekha ki jo log 
oon ke shuhr men gayon ka 
doodh doohte the, oon ko oos 
se ek murzi khass pueda 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



193 



cular disease from them, 
never afterwards had the 
small-pox. 

how could cows infect hu- 
man bein&s 9 



there are small eruptions 
in the teats of cows in some 
parts of europe, which we 
call the cow-pock, these in- 
feet the hands of people 
who milk cows, and they 
are ever after proof against 
the small-pox. 



have the cows in hindoostan 
such a disorder ? 
not that i have yet heard ; 
it will prove very fortunate 
indeed if we can discover it. 

how then can you give my 
daughter the cow-pox 9 

very easily, for dr. jenner, 
after many years'* experi- 
ence, published his noble 
discovery, and all the nati- 
ons of europe have adopt- 
ed the practice; by which 
means, some hundred thou- 



hota tha ki phir kubhee con 
ko seetla nu nikultee, tub 
con ne yih tuor nikala. 
gayon ke murz se admee 
ko kyoonkur chhoot lugtee 
hue? 

wilayutkeekisee turuf, gay- 
on ke thun men chhotee 
chhotee see koochh phoonsi- 
yan nikultee huen, hum oon 
ko go thun seetla kuhte hu- 
en jo log oon gayon ko doohte 
huen, oon ke hathon men 
wuese heedanenikulte huen 
phir kubhee oon ke seetla 
nuheen nikultee. 
hindoostan men gayon ko 
uesa azar hota hue ? 
ub tuluk to uesa soonne men 
nuheen ay a ; uor ugur yu- 
han pueda ho to buree bat 
hue. 

tuo kyoonkur toom meree 
lurkee ko go thun seetla de 
sukoge ? 

buhoot suhuj men, kyoonki 
jenner sahib ne burson ke 
imtihan ke bu,ud yih uch- 
chha tujroobu zahir kiya 
hue, uor wilayut kee sub 
quom bhee isee dhub se ilaj 
kurtee hue, uor isee se hur 



194 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



sands of lives are annually 

saved. 

this may be very true, but 

you have not yet explained 

hovj the cow-pock matter 

reached india. 

very easily, in a glass vial, 
or on a lancet; and the 
matter thus sent was in- 
serted into the arm of a 
child, who received the in- 
fection, and had the cow- 
pock very favourably. 

this furnished a fresh sup- 
ply, which government dis- 
persed over the country; 
thousands have been inocu- 
lated with every success, 
and at last a small quan- 
tity of matter has reached 
me. 

your account of this matter 
has not only convinced me 
of the safety of the new in- 
oculation, but removed a 
strong prejudice which i 
had entertained against it 
on a religious account, i 
had heard from some of the 
inoculating bramins, that 



bums kuroron log muot se 
buchte huen. 

yih such ho to ho, lekin go 
thun seetla ka panee hin- 
doostan men kyoonkur pu- 
hooncha, oos ka uhwal toom 
ne ub tuk nuheen kuha. 
buhoot suhuj se, ek shee- 
shee men ya nushtur se lu- 
ga hoo,a puhooncha, uor woo- 
hee panee ek lurke kee banh 
men lugaya guya, iske su- 
bub se oos ko chhoot lugee, 
uor uch-chhee turuh go 
thun seetla niklee, 
isee men uor bhee nuya pa- 
nee mila, so oosko surkari 
kumpunee buhadoor ne tu- 
mam moolk men phuela di- 
ya, huzarha logon ko oos se 
uch-chhee turuh puchhne 
diye gu,e, akhur oosee turuh 
se koochh panee hum ko 
bhee mila hue. 
is kam ka uhwal jo toom ne 
kuha, oos se nu,e puchhne 
dene kee khalirjumuee moo- 
jhe yuqeen hoo ee, uor dee- 
nee bat pur mera i,utiqadi 
quwwee jo iske burkhilaf 
tha so door hoo,a. bu.uzi 
puchhne denewale bruhmu- 
non se muen ne soona tha ki 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



195 



it was necessary to kill a 
cow for the purpose of ob- 
taining the matter; but i 
am now convinced that this 
story tvas invented and 
propagated from interested 
motives ; and knowing that 
the disease arises naturally 
in the cow, i see no reason 
why we should not natu- 
rally adopt so easy a means 
of saving human life: i will 
therefore bring my daughter 
to-morrow morning early, 
the motive of the inocula- 
ting bramins, in thus de- 
faming the vaccine inocu- 
lation, is plain enough ; yet 
they shew no less folly than 
wickedness, in thus endea- 
vouring to deprive their 
fellow- creatures of so great 
a benefit; for would they 
take pains to learn the new 
method, they might derive 
the same profit from prac- 
tising it as the old mode of 
inoculation, bring your 
daughter, and i will en- 
gage that you never will 
repent having done so. 



panee lene ke liye ek ga ( e 
ko marna zuroor hota hue ; 
lekin ub moojhe yuqeen 
hoo.a ki yih bat ikhtira,ee 
thee; uor duryaft kiya ki 
yih murz aphee se gay on 
ko hota hue, tuo hum kis 
waste admiyon kee jan bu- 
chane ka uesa suhuj tuor 
uz Khood ikhtiyar nu kuren; 
khuer turke muen upnee 
lurkee ko la ( oonga. 



puchhne denewale bruh- 
mun jo is turuh go thun 
seetla kee budnamee kurte 
huen, iska subub khoob za- 
hir hue ; tuobhee we jo lo- 
gon ko is ghuneemut se baz 
rukhue ka qusd kurte huen 
is men oon kee nadanee oon 
kee shurarut se koochh kum 
nuheen, kyoonki ugur we is 
nu,e dhub ke seekhne men 
mihnut kurte, to ooske umul 
kurne se we wuese hee fa.ide 
ootha sukte juese sabiq tuor 
ke puchhne dene se oothate 
the. toom upnee betee ko 
la,o, muen iqrar kurta hoon 
ki toom is umul se kubhee 
nu puchta,oge. 



196 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



i shall be with you, with- 
out fail. 

is this the little girl ? 
yes, sir. 

give me her arm ; aye, this 
will do ; you see how easy 
it is; she does not even feel 
the lancet, from the punc- 
ture being so slight. 

why this is nothing at all. 
the disease will scarcely be 
more perceptible, so go and 
send as many of your neigh- 
bours' 1 children as you can, 
i will stake my life that no- 
thing bad will happen to 
any one of them ; you may 
now go. 

between the european phy- 
sician and a hindoo 
doctor, 
well, friend, who are you? 
a doctor, sir, at your ser- 
vice. 

what are your commands ? 
i hear, sir, that you wish 
to teach all us native doc- 
tors how to inoculate in the 
new way; and i shall be 
glad indeed to receive your 
instructions, viva, voce; as 
i was present yesterday 



muen be-qozr a,oonga. 

wooh yihee lurkee hue ? 
han, sahib. 

ooskee banh to moojhe do, 
bus, isee men hoga, dekho 
to yih kya suhuj hue, ki 
hum ne uesa soobook nush- 
tur lugaya ki oosko mu,u- 
loom bhee nu hoo,a. 
han yih to koochhee nuheen. 
is murz men bhee is se zi- 
yadu tukleef nuheen, khuer 
ja,o uor upne puros ke jitne 
lurkon ko toom bhej suko, 
bhejo, meree jan zamin hue 
ki con men kisee ko koochh 
zurur nu hoga, ub ja,o. 

soowal o juwab hukeemi fu» 
rung uor hindoo tubeed 
ke durmiyan. 
kuho sahib toom kuon ho ? 
muenbuedhoonsahib,apkee 
khid mut men hazir hoo ( a. 
ub kya kuhte ho ? 
sahib, muen ne soona hue ki 
jis turuh nu,e tuor se puchh- 
ne dete huen, oosee turuh 
hum sub hindoostanee bue- 
don ko sikhaya chahte ho ; 
muen chahta hoori ki ooska 
uhwal ap kee zubanee soon- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



197 



when you inoculated my 
townsman's daughter. 



you shall immediately know 
the whole business, 
i have heard all the history 
of the vaccine already; i 
want merely to know how 
the operation is performed; 
the proper treatment of the 
disease, with all its symp- 
toms, from first to last ; 
that i also may become a 
practitioner of such a noble 
art. 

hold! here is some fresh 
matter for you on a clean 
lancet, which has certainly 
never been used in small- 
pox inoculation; take this, 
and just raise the skin with 
the point, as you saw me 
do yesterday, after wetting 
it with warm water, 
i understand you, sir, very 
well; but where am i to 
procure more matter when 
this is expended? 
nothing so simple ; when 
the pustule in your patients 
arm is ripe, charge your 



kur khoosh ho ( oon, kyoonki 
mere hum shuhree kee be- 
tee ko jub kul ap ne puchh- 
ne dije tub muen hazir tha. 
toomhen juld sub kam mu,u- 
loom ho ja,ega. 
go thun seetla ka sub uhwal 
muen soon chooka hoon, pur 
ub muen sirf yih duryaft 
kiya chahta hoon ki is kam 
ko kyoonkur kurte huen, 
uor is beemareeka moo,aluju, 
sath ooskee sub ulamuton ke, 
uwwul se akhur tuk, kya 
hue ; chahiye ki muen bhee 
is ujeeb ilm se mahir ho 
ja.oon. 

dekho ! is saf nushtur men 
thora sa tazu paneetoomhare 
liye hue, uor kubhee pu» 
chhne dene men yih nushtur 
nuheen luga; isee lo, uor 
gurmpanee sebhigokur,nok 
se zura sa chumra ootha,o, 
juesa ki toom ne kul moojhe 
kurte dekha hue. 
sahib, muen khoob sumujh- 
ta hoon, lekin jub yih pa- 
nee khurch ho jaega, tub 
uorpanee kyoonkur milega? 
nihayut asanee se; jubtoom- 
hare mureez kee banh men 
wooh chhala pukega, tub 



198 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



lancet^ needles, thread, fyc. 
with as much as you may 
want, till the matter becomes 
plentiful from successive 
patients. 

i will describe to you the ap- 
pearances which take place 
in the inoculated part ; so 
that you may be able to as- 
certain not only that your 
patient is really infected 
with the true vaccine disease, 
but that you may safely take 
matter from such a patient 
with the certainty of com- 
municating the disease to 
others, and thus securing 
them for ever from the ef- 
fects of small-pox contagion, 
for the first two days after 
the insertion of the vaccine 
Jluid, nothing is seen in the 
part to distinguish it from 
a puncture made by a clean 
lancet; on the third, a small 
degree of elevation (and in 
fair skins, redness) is per- 
ceptible; this increases on 
the fourth ; and on the 
fifth a slight vesication, or 
small transparent blister, 
may be observed around the 
puncture ; this is gradually 



nushtur, ya soo.ee, soot, 
wughuere men jitna chaho 
luga leejo, jub tuluk ki uor 
uor mureezon se panee bu- 
hoot sa jumu.u nu ho. 
juhan puchhne dete huen, 
tuhan juese dikha,ee deta 
hue, ooska muen buyan ku- 
roonga ; ki toom ko mureez 
ke budun men usl go thun 
seetlaka nikulnatheek mu,u- 
loom ho, uor oos mureez 
se panee is turuh le suko 
jo doosre ko oosee se wooh 
murz de suko, ki ta zindu- 
gee oosko seetla kee chhoot 
nu luge. 



go thun seetla ke panee se 
puchhne dene ke bu,ud do 
roz tuk oos juguh uesa koochh 
dikha,ee nuheen deta ki saf 
nushtur ke chhed se koochh 
furq muuloom ho; teesre 
din koochh phoola hoo,a 
mu,uloomhotahue, uorwooh 
gore chumre pur lu,ul hota 
hue, chuothe din phir woo- 
hee burhtahue; panchwen 
din chhed kee charon turuf 
liye hoo,e ek chhota nirmul 
chhala sa nuzur ata hue, so 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



199 



enlarged on the sivth, se- 
venth, and eighth day, at 
which time the vaccine ve- 
sicle may be considered in 
its highest perfection, and 
it is now that the peculiar 
fluid which it contains, may 
be most advantageously ta- 
ken from it, for the purpose 
of continuing the disease on 
other subjects, 
the vesicle at this time is 
generally of a form very 
nearly circular, with smooth 
elevated edges and a flat 
surface; or rather some- 
what depressed in the mid- 
dle, at which point there is 
a small scab. 

if the vesicle be now punc- 
tured with a lancet, a small 
quantity of limpid fluid ex- 
udes, but it requires re- 
peated punctures over all 
the surface of the vesicle to 
obtain the whole of its con- 
tents ; and even when the 
whole of the fluid that can 
be procured at one time is 
let out, the vesicle still re- 
tains nearly its former ap- 
pearance, and does not fall 
flat down upon the skin be- 



woohee chhuthe, satwen, ath- 
wen din tuluk burhta hue, 
jub uesa ho tub jano ki go 
thun seetla khoob turuh 
nikul chookee, uor oosmen 
jo panee ruhta hue, doosre 
ko puchhne dene ke fa.ide 
ke liye oose liya jata hue. 



is wuqt chhala uksur go! sa 
hota hue, kunare ooske oothe 
hoo,e chikne, uor oopur se 
chipta, bulki durmiyan se 
kooehh buetha hoo,a hota 
hue, uor oosee juguh chho- 
tee chit see hotee hue. 

tub ugur yih chhala nush- 
tur se chheda jawe, to thora 
nirmul panee oos men se 
nikle lekin chahiye ki oos 
chhale ke oopur ja buja 
mootuwatur chhede, tuo oos- 
ke undur jitna panee ho, 
sub nikul awe ; uor ek bar 
ke chhedne se jitna panee 
nikal sukiye, sub ootna ni- 
kul purne sebheewooh chha- 
la qureeb wuesa hee nuzur 
ata hue, uor chumra bhee 
nuheen chupukta, juesa ki 



200 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



neath, as the cuticle of a 
common blister, or small- 
pox pustule would do : if 
the vesicle be now left un- 
touched for a few minutes, 
small globules of the same 
transparent fluid will again 
be seen rising through the 
punctures ; but as this is 
probably a new secretion, it 
may be expected to be less 
specific in its properties, 
and should therefore not be 
used in inoculation, except 
where there is a scarcity of 
efficient matter, 
it is on these three circum- 
stances, viz. the circular 
depressed vesicle, the trans- 
parency of its fluid, and 
the peculiarity of its con- 
struction in not yielding its 
contents to a single punc- 
ture, that i ivish particu- 
larly to fix your attention ; 
because it is on them that i 
apprehend the strong dis- 
tinction between the genu- 
ine vaccine vesicle and the 
small-pox pustule, or any 
other pustule or eruption 
tohatever, is at this period 
of the disease to be most 
firmly established. 



phuphole ya uor seetla men 
hota hue : ugur oosee chhale 
ko ekadh lumhu nu chhoo.o, 
to oonheen chhedon se gol 
gol chhotee chhoteeboonden 
juese hee saf panee kee juld 
niklengeen ; lekin yih nu,ee 
rezish hue, shayud ki wooh 
uslee khassiyut nu rukhtee 
ho is waste chahiye ki oos se 
puchhne nu dewen, mugur 
jub ki kam ka panee na 
yab ho. 



tuo inheen teen tuoron pur 
hota hue, y u,unee wooh chha- 
la gol chupka hoo,a hota 
hue, uor panee ooska buhoot 
saf, uor jitna panee ooske 
undur ruhta hue so ek chhed 
se nuheennikulta; pusmuen 
chahta hoon Jri toom in tee- 
non baton pur khoob lihaz 
kuro kyoonki meree danist 
men is wuqt usl go thun 
seetla, chechuk ya uor kisee 
phoonsee se, jo budun men 
nikultee hue, inheen teenon 
tuor se theek puhchanee ja- 
tee hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



201 



you are yourself aware that 
the small-pox pustule from 
inoculation, so far from 
possessing these character- 
istics, is, when mature, ge- 
nerally of a full, plump, 
or conical appearance, with 
uneven edges, or studded 
around with smaller pus- 
tules; and that its contents, 
which it readily discharges 
by a single puncture, are 
always of a purulent or 
feculent nature. 

it would be as endless as it 
would be useless to attempt 
to make you acquainted with 
the characters of all the 
other eruptions that some- 
times take place on the hu- 
man body ; it is sufficient 
for your purpose that you 
know what the genuine vac- 
cine is, and that you al- 
ways carry in your mind 
the conviction, that no pus- 
tule or vesicle which wants 
the peculiarities above men- 
tioned^ sufficient to secure 
your patient from small-pox, 
or to afford a source of in- 
fection for propagating the 
vaccine to others. 



toom ap jante ho ki sabiq 
tuor ke puchhne dene se jo 
seetla nikultee hue, so in 
ulamuton se kuheen furq 
rukhtee hue ; wooh jub puk- 
tee hue, tub uksur bhuree 
boo,ee, phoolee hoo,ee ya 
nokdar hotee hue, kunare 
ooske burabur nuheen hote, 
ya chhotee chhotee phoonsi- 
yan ooske gird nikultee huen 
uor ooske undur jo koochh 
(alaish) ruhtee hue, so ek- 
hee chhed se nikul atee hue, 
so wooh peeb hue. 
admee ke budun men uor jo 
turuh turuh kee phoonsiyan 
kubhee kubhee nikultee 
huen, oon kee ulamuton se 
toomhen waqif kurne ka ira- 
du rukhna tool o befa,idu 
hue ; toom ko itna hee bus 
hue, ki usl go thun seetla 
puhchan suko, uor upne dil 
men humeshu yuqeen jani- 
yo phora ya phoonsee, jis 
men oopur kee ulamuten nu 
hon, wooh toomhare mureez 
ko seetla se bucha nu suke- 
ga, uor cos se kisee ko go 
thun seetla kee chhoot nu 
lugegee. 



202 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



i have detained you thus 
long at the eighth day of the 
disease, because as i have 
said that this is the proper 
period for taking matter for 
subsequent inoculation, it 
is necessary that the disease 
should at this time be fully 
ascertained to be genuine : 
to goon withour description, 
by the end of the eighth day, 
or on the ninth, and some- 
times as late as the tenth, 
while the vesicle continues 
increasingin size, there will 
be observed in fair shins, a 
circular efflorescence, of an 
inch to three inches in dia- 
meter, accompanied with 
some swelling of the part to 
the same extent, and which 
in dark subjects must be 
considered as equivalent to 
the efflorescence; pain in 
the glands of the arm-pit, 
when the patient is old 
enough to notice it ; some 
degree of febrile perturba- 
tion of the system, generally 
slight, often scarcely percep- 
tible, and seldom or ever ex- 
ceeding twenty-four hours. 



ath wen din kee bat pur muen 
ne itna tool kiya, kyoonki 
muen ne kuha hue, ki doosre 
ko puchhne dene ke liye pa- 
nee lene ka yihee wuqt hue, 
pus lazim hue ki isee wuqt 
toom khoob puhchan lo ki 
wooh usl murz hue ya nu- 
heen : ub muen baqee uh- 
wal kuhta hoon. 
athwen din ke akhur, ya nu- 
wen din, uor kubhee ugur 
der ho to duswen din jub 
tuluk ki chhala burhtajawe, 
gore chumre pur soorkhee 
chuora,ee men ek oonglee se 
le teen oonglee tuk gol phuel 
jatee hue, uor ootnee door 
tuluk kcochh phoola hoo,a 
nuzur ata hue, kale admee 
ke budun men sirf woohee 
umas mu,uloom hota hue ; 
uor ugur rogee siyana ho, 
to bughul kee giltee men 
kccchh durdbhee mu,uloom 
kur suke, uor tup kee see 
halut hoo,a kurtee hue, so 
wooh uksur bookhari khufee 
hue, bulki kubhee kubhee 
butu^mmool mu,uloom hota 
hue, uor ruhna ooska ek 
shubanu roz se ziyadu kum 
hue. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



203 



these latter symptoms are 
considered as indicating 
the inexplicable constitu- 
tional affection which has 
the power of rendering the 
system ever after invulnera- 
ble to small-pox contagion, 
and to the vaccine itself a 
second time, they are so 
slight as scarcely to deserve 
the name of a disease ; many 
times they elude observa- 
tion altogether ; and we are 
forced to be satisfied with lo- 
cal appearances, but which, 
to an experienced eye, i am 
confident, willnever deceive. 



after the tenth day the ve- 
sicle, if left entire, is gra- 
dually converted into a solid 
dark brown scab, with a 
shining surface, not unlike 
a tamarind stone, andwhich 
from the fourteenth to the 
twentieth day, spontaneous- 
ly falls off, leaving the skin 
sound underneath, with a 
pit, which remains indelible 
for life. 



akhur kee ye halat ulamu- 
ten huen oos uhwali tubee,ee 
kee jo buy an men nuheen 
ata pur oos men yih khassi- 
yut hue ki phir kubhee ki- 
see turuh kee seetla uor go 
thun seetla bhee nu niklegee. 
we halat uesee khufeef hotee 
huen ki oon ko murz kuha 
nuheen jata, uksuri uoqat 
we bil-kooll mu ( uloom nu- 
heen hote, uor hum ko la- 
zim hue, ki puchhne dee 
hoo,ee juguh kee halut dekh- 
kur khatirjumuee kuren,pur 
muen yuqeen janta hoon ki 
jis ne oose bar bar dekha 
hoga, wooh is ke puhchanne 
men khuta nu kurega. 
dus din ke bu,ud ugur oos 
chhale ko wuesa hee rukh 
chhoro, to wooh ek muela 
chut kee soorut sukht ho 
jata hue, oopur ooske chikna 
uor chiyan sa hota hue, uor 
wooh chuodhwen din se bees- 
wen tuluk uzkhocd gir purta 
hue, neeche ooske chumra 
sumoocha ek dagh ke sath 
ruh jata hue ki phir wooh 
kubhee oomr bhur nu mit- 
neka. 



204 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



no circumstances have yet 
occurred in my practice 
(and i have now inoculated 
upwards of a thousand of 
all casts and ages), to re- 
quire any medical treatment 
whatever, except in one 
case, in which the arm in- 
flamed considerably ; i ap- 
plied goulard?s solution to 
it; but if such a thing 
should happen to you, i ad- 
vise merely the application 
of cold water, often re- 
peated, on a bit of clean 
thin rag. 

now, my friend, when i 
have again reminded you 
that your principal object 
in practising vaccine inocu- 
lation, must be to keep up 
a disease possessing all the 
characteristics above enu- 
merated ; which you may 
easily do by a minute atten- 
tion to the progress and 
form of the vesicle, and to 
the transparency of the 
matter, which should never 
be taken later than the 
ninth day ; i hope i have 
contributed to render you 



sub quom o uqsam sin ke 
huzar se ziyadu logon ko 
muen ne puchhne diye huen, 
pur kubhee mere is kam 
men kisee turuh ka moo,a- 
luju zuroor nu hoo ( a, mu- 
gur ek lurke ke huqq men, 
jis kee banh kee buhoot so- 
zish thee, so oos men moor- 
darsung ka ghola luga diya, 
ugur uesa toom ko bhee a 
pure, to muen sulah deta 
hoon ki sirf ek saf putla 
lutta surd panee men bhi- 
gokur bar bar oos men lu- 
gaya keejo. 

ue sahib, muen ne jub toom- 
hen phir jutaya ki go thun 
seetla ke puchhne dene men 
yihee mooquddum hue, ki 
jis murz men oopur kee sub 
ulamuten hon, ooseeko rukh- 
na ; uor yih toom suhuj men 
kur sukoge jub chhale kee 
burhtee pur uorooskee shukl 
uor panee kee shuffafee pur 
khoob ghuor kuroge, uor 
wooh panee nuo din ke bu,ud 
hurgiz nu lena ; tub moojhe 
bhurosa hoo.a ki jenner sa- 
hib ka fuez door tuk toom- 
hare desee bhaiyon ke dur- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



205 



the means of diffusing to a 
considerable extent the bles- 
sings of dr, jennets disco- 
very among your country- 
men. 

let me hear how you would 
proceed. 

yes, sir, with a lancet which 
my grandfather and blessed 
father used for fifty years 
before i was born, in ino- 
culating the small-pox, i 
am on the eighth day, when 
the pock is full and plump, 
to take some of the fine yel- 
low ripe pus, and in 



what! have i been lecturing 
for an hour to teach you to 
shun this, and in the very 
first attempt you run your 
head against it? go, friend, 
i will take no more trouble 
with you, nor any of your 
cast, for i see that the vac- 
cine disease can be kept in 
India only by the discrimi- 
nation and assiduity of our 
own practitioners, 
have a little patience, mas- 
ter ! i now recollect you 
told me, first, to use a new 



miyan phuelane ka ek wu- 
seelu muen ne toom ko kiya. 



ub kuho to suheeh toom ky- 
oonkur kam kuroge. 
han, sahib, oos nushtur se 
kuroonga, jis se mera bap 
uor dada buekoonth bashee 
puchas burus meree pue- 
da,ish ke age se seetla ke 
puchhne diya kurta tha ath- 
wen din jub seetla bhuree 
uor phoolee hoo,eehogee, tub 
muen koochh uch-chheezurd 
rung kee pukkee hoo,ee peeb 

loonga, uor 

kya ! muen ne ghuree bhur 
tuk toomhen sikhaya ki is 
bat se buch ruho, uor toom 
chhootte hee khilaf sumjho? 
ja,o sahib, toom se ya toom- 
haree zat ke uor kisee se 
muen uor durdisuree nu 
kuroonga, kyoonki muen 
dekhta hoon ki go thun 
seetla hindoostan men sirf 
humare hukeemon kee imti- 
yaz uor koshish se ruhegee. 
zura subr keejiye sahib, ap 
ne jo furmaya tha so ub yad 
aya, puhle, yih ki nuya saf 



206 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



clean lancet ; second, on the 
eighth day, to take the vac- 
cine Jluid from the pustule ; 
third, the pustule must ap- 
pear almost circular, with 
smooth rising edges, at the 
same time flat or depressed 
in the middle, with a small 
scab there; fourth, when 
the vesicle is punctured, a 
minute portion of fluid ex- 
udes from repeated punc- 
tures all over its surface, 
by which alone the whole of 
its contents can be obtained: 
fifth, when i find all these 
circumstances, as i have 
now described them, i will 
then, and not till then, con- 
ceive that i have the proper 
cow-pox under my manage- 
ment. 

well ! that is right, but do 
you recollect the difference 
between the vaccine pock, 
and the inoculated small- 
pock f 

to be sure i do, for you told 
me just now that the ino- 
culated pock was generally 
full, plump, and conical, 
with uneven edges, often 
surrounded with smaller 



nushtur loonga; doosre, yih 
ki athwen din oos chhale se 
panee nikaloonga ; teesre, 
yih ki chliala gol sa dikha,ee 
dega, kunare ooske chikne 
oothe hoc^e, uor chipta ya 
beech men buetha hoo t a, 
uor oos men ek chhotee chut 
see hotee hue; chuothe, jub 
oos chhale men nushtur lu- 
gaya jawe, tub ooske oopur 
ja buja bar bar chhedne se 
thora thora kurke tumam 
panee oos men se nikul ata 
hue, uor jo koochh ooske un- 
dur ruhta hue, so sirf isee 
turuhmiltahue; panchwen, 
juesa muen ne ub buy an ki- 
ya, jub oosko uesa dekhoon- 
ga, tub hee janoonga ki 
theek go thun seetla ub rae- 
ree tudbeer se hoo,ee. 
uch-chha ! yih dooroost hue, 
lekin tcotnhen yad hue ki go 
thun seetla uor puchhne dee 
hoo,ee seetla men kya furq 
hue ? 

beshuk moojhe yad hue, ky- 
oonki ap ne moojh se ubhee 
kuha hue, ki puchhne dee 
hoo,ee seetla uksur bhuree 
hoo,ee, oothee hoo,ee uor 
nokdar hotee hue, kunare 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



207 



pustules ; you moreover ob- 
served, that its contents 
were always purulent, and 
easily discharged by one 
puncture. 



better still! now i have some 
hopes by your aid to extend 
the blessings of dr. jenner's 
discovery over the whole 
country; your name will 
be renowned in this world 
as one of his benevolent 
disciples, and god will cer- 
tainly reward your skill 
and humanity in the next, 
besides, you will feel the in- 
estimable pleasure of doing 
good to your fellow-crea- 
tures. 

that is all very true, master ; 
but i am a poor man, i 
have a large family, and 
we are often in great dis- 
tress for subsistence. 
how can i be of service to 
you, my good friend f you 
know government gives me 
little, if any thing, more than 



ooske burabur nuheen hote, 
uor ooskee charon turuf uk- 
sur ghumoriyan see chhotee 
chhotee hotee huen; uor yih 
bhee kuha hue, ki oos ke un- 
dur humeshu peeb ruhtee 
hue, uor jitna koochh ooske 
undur ho, so ek chhed se 
suhuj men nikul ata hue. 
buhoot uch-chha ! ub mooj- 
he koochh bhurosa hoo,a ki 
toomharee mudud se jenner 
sahib ka fuez tumam mool- 
kon men pliuelega; uor 
toomhara nam is juhan men 
mushhoor hoga, ki fulanu 
ek ooske khuerkhwah sha- 
girdon men se hue, uor oos 
juhan men khooda beshuk 
toomharee rusa,ee uor insa- 
niyut keejuza dega. siwa,e 
iske admiyon pur ihsan kur- 
ne se nihayut khooshee hasil 
hogee. 

ye sub such huen sahib, pur 
muen ghureeb, buhoot uyal- 
dar hoon, goozran ke liye 
hum uksur buree tukleef 
men ruhte huen. 
ujee moojh se toomhara kya 
fa.idu ho sukta hue ? toom 
jante ho, ki yuhan kee 
surkar se mere khurchi 



208 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



a small encouragement to my- 
self for defraying unavoida- 
ble expences. hold! there are 
ten rupees for you, and if 
you will bring me an exact 
register of your vaccine prac- 
tice, in a month or two hence, 
you shall have double that sum. 
stop, master! you are too 
good, i will not take your 
money, for i know you doctors 
are not very rich men. if you 
will recommend me to the judge, 
collector, or some other gen- 
tleman in the civil or military 
service, for some little place, 
i shall be well contented, and 
pay every attention to your 
orders, should i not find every 
appearance as you have de- 
scribed, i shall again apply in 
person toyou. 



we shall see when you return 
what can be done ; go now, 
but do not forget what i have 
said. 

my memory does not keep pace 
with my zeal in this new busi- 
ness, if master will favour 



zurooriyat se koochh udhik 
moojhe kum milta hue. ub 
ye dus roopue toom lo, uor 
jin jin ko toom go thun seet- 
la se puchhne doge, do ek 
muheene ke bu,ud ugur oon 
kee furd qurar waqu f ee la,oge 
to iska doochund milega* 
bus, sahib ! ap to nihayut 
mihrbanee furmate huen, 
pur muen ap ke roopue nu 
loonga, kyoonki muen janta 
hoon, ki toom se hukeem 
khoob duolut mund nuheen 
huen. ugur ek adh kam ke 
waste kisee hakim ya amil 
ya uor kisee kumpunee ke 
nuokur ya lushkuree sahib se 
ap meree sifarish kur denge, 
to woohee mere huqq men 
buhoot hue, uor ap ke uh- 
kam dil se buja laoonga. 
juesee juesee ulamuten ap 
ne buyan keen, ugur muen 
wuesee nu dekhoon to phir 
muen ap ke pas a.oonga. 
jub toom phir a,oge tub sum- 
jha ja.ega; ub ja,o, lekin 
muen ne jo koochh kuha so 
nu bhoolna. 

is nu,e kam men mera hafi- 
zushuoqkeburabur nuheen. 
ugur ap moojhe likhkur de- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



209 



me with written directions, i 
will then promise to remember 
the whole* and act accordingly. 

you speak like a rational be- 
ing, and i am happy to furnish 
you now with several copies 
of the whole of our discourse, 
ready written in the nagree 
and persian characters ; keep 
one for yourself, and distri- 
bute the rest among your 
friends ; for it is so much the 
wish of the present liberal go- 
vernment to cherish and pro- 
tect all their subjects, that they 
have been at the expence of 
printing and circulating a 
number of the papers which i 
now give you, all over their 
dominions, particularly to the 
vaccinating stations. 



youmentioned vaccinating sta- 
tions ; i do not know what 
places you mean by that. 



mean those places at which 



wen to qubool kurta hoon ki 
oose muen yad kuroonga uor 
oosee ke mootabiq kam ku- 
roonga. 

yih uqlmund kee bat hue, 
tocm se uor hum se jo goof- 
togoo hoo,ee so sub naguree 
uor farsee men likhee hoo ( ee 
ku ( ee nuqlen tueyar huen, 
wooh ub muen khooshee se 
toomhen deta hoon; toom 
upne waste ek rukho, uor 
baqee upne doston ko banto; 
kyoonki is surkari fueyaz 
kee yih murzee hue ki up- 
nee sub ru^ieyuton ko pa- 
len uor suhara den, choonan- 
chi oonhon ne upne khurch 
se buhoot se kaghuz chhup- 
wakur upne tumam muma- 
liki muhroosu men, khoosoos 
oon mukanon men jo puch li- 
ne dene ke liye mooqurrur 
hoo,e huen, phuela.e huen, 
ub woohee kaghuz muen 
toomhen deta hoon. 
ap ne zikr kiya, ki go thun 
seetla ke puchhne dene ke 
liye mukan mooqurrur hoo,e 
huen so we kuon kuon mu- 
kan huen, muen nuheen 
janta. 

we wuhan huen ki juhan ju- 
p 



210 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



the supreme government has han surkari kumpunee bu- 
wisely, and humanely, thought hadoor ne, uqlmundee uor 
Jit to appoint certain gentle- insaniyut se, go thun seetla 
men of the medical department ke puchhne dene kee khu- 
to superintend the progress of burdaree ke waste ku,ee sa- 
vaccine inoculation ; for the hibon ko, jo hukeemee su- 



double purpose of preserving 
a permanent source of infec- 
tion, for the use of such as 
may apply for it, and (fusing 
every possible endeavour to 
disseminate the disease exten- 
sively over this country, the 
stations are Calcutta, dacca, 
moorshedabad, patna, benares, 
allahabad, cawnpore, andfur- 
ruckabad : and by sending to 
any of those places on a tues- 
day or friday morning, you 
may be always sure of obtain- 
ing a supply of fresh and ge- 
nuine matter, if by any acci- 
dent you should happen to lose 
the disease inyour ownpatients. 
i hope you will also very 
shortly be able to find it at 
every civil station at which 
there is a surgeon ; and that 
consequently the small-pox 
itself will henceforward be 
banished from india, as it has 
already been from most parts 
of europe. 



rishte se ilaqu rukhte huen, 
mooqurrur kiya in do iradon 
se ki jis panee se puchhne 
dete huen, ooskee hifazut ku- 
ren, ki jo mangega oosko 
diya kurenge, uor muqdoor 
bhur yih koshish kuren ki 
go thun seetla tumam is 
moolk men phuele. uor oon 
mukanon ke nam ye huen 
kulkutta, dhaka, moorshida- 
bad, putnu, bunarus, ilaha- 
bad, kanhpoor, uor furrook- 
habad ; ugur ittifaqun wooh 
panee, jo toomhare rogiyon 
se mile, goom ho ja,e, to oon 
mukanon se juhan toom 
mungul ya joomue ke din 
suwere admee bhejoge, wu- 
han se toom ko humeshu 
tazu uor usl panee mila ku- 
rega. yuqeen hue, ki jis jis 
zilu,on men ko,ee hukee- 
mi furung ruhega, thore 
dinon men wuhan se bhee 
mil sukega, uor isee turuh 
seetla is hindoostan se door 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



211 



by the blessing of god, and 
the benevolent wishes of the 
british government, fortune 
begins once more to smile 
upon india ; we natives 
ought sincerely to pray for 
tlie stability and prosperity 
of the british empire in this 
country. 

i think so, my friend; you 
may now depart, and god 
be with you. 



hogee, juese wilayut ke bu- 
hoot moolkon men se uikul- 
hee gu,ee hue. 

khooda ke fuzl se uor sur- 
kari kumpunee kee nek nee- 
yutee se, hind kee qismut 
phir khcolee pus hum ru ( ue- 
yuton ko lazim hue, ki hu- 
maree wilayut ke badshah 
ka qiyam uor duolut kee tu- 
ruqqee is moolk men jee se 
chahen. 

muen yuhee sumujhta hoon, 
sahib, ub ja,o, khooda hafiz. 



military terms. 

by way of variety, and to accommodate my juvenile 
military students with something more immediately in 
their department, i have in this work already presented 
them with the words of command most generally under- 
stood and adopted in the british indian armies, and shall 
here add the articles of war, in the hindoostanee language ; 
as a well-grounded knowledge of these will serve to enable 
theirselves to read and expound with propriety the mili- 
tary code to the men under their immediate orders, when 
as officers they will have this duty to perform periodically, 
in compliance with the rules of the public service, instead 
of employing a comparatively ignorant serjeant to perform 
this sacred duty. 

the following military terms, made use of by the na- 
tives in their own and our armies, may be of service to 

p 2 



212 hindoostanee dialogues. 

any young officer who is appointed to a sipahee corps, im- 
mediately on his arrival in india. after becoming master 
of them, he might attend every drill, observing carefully 
the expressions which the drill-serjeant makes use of in 
explaining the english words of command, when teaching 
the recruits their exercise, the whole should then be 
noted down, very carefully and alphabetically, in a me- 
morandum book, the officer paying due attention to their 
orthography, when he thinks he has obtained a sufficient 
number of words to be able to instruct a squad, he might, 
with his commanders leave, take charge of one, which 
he should exercise, morning and evening, for near two 
months ; pronouncing the words of command at first 
slowly and distinctly with the extent of his voice, rapi- 
dity of utterance will come of its own accord afterwards, 
by so doing he will get acquainted with the men, and 
they accustomed to his command ; the advantages attend- 
ant on which are well known to every officer, but more 
especially to those who belong to the native regiments. 

the military scholar will do well to recollect, that many 
useful words must be omitted in the subsequent vocabu- 
lary, from their having no such expressions in the hin- 
doostanee. in these instances, however, he must use the 
english word, more or less corrupted, according to cir- 
cumstances, with which a little practice will soon familia- 
rize the learner, some few of the corruptions in question 
will appear in the end of this volume, which will afford 
no bad clue to all the rest ; and those in italics here, are 
commonly preferred in our armies, it cannot be expected 
that the natives, in every regiment of the service, will 
make use of all the words of command exactly as they 
occur in these pages, since every one will take a certain 
latitude in his own translation of the english. at all 



hindoostanee dialogues. 213 

events, those now introduced, will be generally under- 
stood, and may serve as a good model for others, who 
may feel inclined to bring this department of military 
duty and colloquial agency to the perfection which it cer- 
tainly merits, in every point of view, in our armies. 

after examining the written materials that some friends 
had collected for the above purpose, i found such a chaos 
of corruptions and intermixture of tongues, as to make 
me relinquish the attempt, at least for the present, i may 
at some future period be induced to prepare a more com- 
plete military vocabulary, than i could accomplish now, 
especially if i be fortunate enough to receive any inter- 
mediate assistance and encouragement, to enable me to 
proceed in such a task, with private satisfaction and pub- 
lic advantage, without venturing to dispute the sound- 
ness of the policy recently adopted, of preserving all words 
of command in our own tongue, upon the parade and public 
occasions, i certainly am inclined to suspect, there is no 
such mighty spell in mere english words, as will sanction 
the rigid observance of this anathema on private exercises 
or particular emergencies, when the very idea of com- 
mands in the language of conquerors, may produce in- 
stantaneous effects, with infinitely worse consequences than 
the prompt use of an indian army's more intelligible and 
conciliating tongue, surely better calculated than any 
other to make them all forget, in the heat of battle, that 
they are but a conquered race, who from this alone, 
might imbibe some prepossessions for their temporary 
opponents. 

accoutrements, keel kanta, saz samam. 
anvil, ghun, niha,ee, sundan. 
approaches, morchu, morchal, urgura. 
alarm, pokar, hankpokar, v. the guide. 



214 hindoostanee dialogues. 

armistice, wuqfu, moohlut, thuhrawa. 

armour, buktur, jhool, chara,eenu. 

arms, huthiyar, hurbu, silah, v. the guide. 

arsenal, silah-khanu. 

articles of war, lushkuree a,een. 

artillery, topen, top-khanu, (man) golundaz. 

attack, nulla, dhawa, churhtee, humlu. 

(to-in front) moohra-marna. (the rear) pichharee-m. 

(in flank) kumur- (ya) kanee-m. v. flank. 
barrier, urgura, phatuk. 
base, ne,o, jur, booniyad. 
battery, morchu, dumdumu. 

blockade to, gher -nakabundee- mooha siru- or gird-k. 
blunderbuss, dhumaka, qurabeen, v. the guide. 
body of men, guroh, risalu, ghol, toomun. 
bomb, hooqqu, ghoobare ka gola, v. artillery. 
breach, koombhul, boogharu, durar, phoot, shigaf, (prac- 
ticable) chulta bcogharu. 
breast-plate, chupras. 
brigade, dustu, v. body above. 
carriage, ruhroo, ruhkulu, tukht. 
camp, pura.o, lushkur-gah. 
cantonments, chha ( onee. 

capitulation, quol, quol qurar. v. peace, cessation. 
carabine, qurabeen, dhumaka. 
car touch, v tosdan. 

cartridge, tonta, (light) juloosee,, sulamee, (grape) chhurra. 
casement, murhulu. 
cavalry, toork-suwar. 
centre, beech, naf, qulb. 
cessation of arms, moohlut, soolook. 
chamade, chadur-doputta, or kwpm-hilana. 

to ivave a sheet or cloth of any kind round the head 



hindoostanee dialogues. 215 

repeatedly, implies that the people who do so, consider 
theirselves in the power of the enemy, and mean to sub- 
mit accordingly, this in daylight answers every purpose ; 
but the rude state of military tactics in the east has not 
yet provided an adequate expedient, during hostile attacks 
at night, the natives would, under such circumstances, 
give over firing, call out — quol, quol, uluman, uluman, or 
uman, uman — and probably wave a light or torch circu- 
larly in the air, to shew that they had submitted, and 
expected mercy accordingly, in the daytime even, when 
a man, calling out, quol, quol ! leaves the ranks, and ap- 
proaches the enemy unarmed, he is considered as sacred 
as a person among us bearing a flag of truce, and will be 
received in the light, of a pacific messenger demanding a 
parley, &c. from the adverse army, who, if moosulmans, 
would probably respect a green flag more than any other, 
these precautions alone might have prevented the late un- 
happy affair of the qiladar, &c. in india. 
chamber of a gun, top kee kothee. 
challenge to, lura,ee mangna, mooqabulu-chahna, (as a 

sentry) tokna, roktok-k. 
colours, nishan, jhunda, bueruq, v. the guide, 
commission, oohdedaree-sunud. 
company, biraduree. 
convoy, qafilu, budruqu rusanee. 
to countermarch, kawa deke phirna. 
court-martial, lushkuree udalut. 
cuirass, chara,eenu, jhool. 
cymbal, jhanjh, munjeera. 
decamp to, chule-jana, ooth-j. kooch-k. 
defences, ar, ot, urgura, bucha ( o. 
defile, duru, naka, ghat, gulee. 
detachment, ghol, risalu, v. brigade, &c. tu,eenatee. 



£16 hindoostanee dialogues. 

division, tola, tolee, v. body. 

discharge, burturfee kee chithee, (to) nam katna, juwab-d. 

drum, tumboor, tublu, v. the guide, 
(-mer), tumboor-chee. 

duty, baree, khidmut, kam, nuokuree, chuokee. 

embrazure, rund, top ka jhuroka. 

to enfilade, aga-marna, or bandhna. 

encamp to, deru- or mooqam-k. 

evolution, hurkut. 

exercise, quwa,id. 

fascine, jhoonka, antee, lukree. 

feather-spring, kumanee. 

feint, bhoclawa, dhokha, buh kawa, bahanu. 

field-piece, top ruhkulu, top julebee. 

flank, bughul, kumur, kunee, kanee. 

file, pant, pura, qutar. 

file off to, qutar qutar- or kawa de ke chulna. 

forlorn hope, oommedwar sipahiyon ka jutha, janbazon ka 
ghol. viz. the hopeful band, or gallant phalanx. 
were our term translated literally, the inauspicious 
name alone would prevent the natives from comprehend- 
ing what was intended by the expression among us. it is 
in cases of this nature where not only the skill of a lin- 
guist is requisite, but that discrimination also, which can 
be attained from a real knowledge of the manners and 
customs of the people, through their vernacular tongue 
alone. 

forage, kuhee, rusud, luhna, seedha, panee. 
form, to, bunna, bunana, pura-bandhna. 
fosse, khunduq, pueghar, v. ditch. 
furlough, ruza, chhoottee. 
gabion, tokree. 
gate, phatuk, durwazu. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 217 

general, surdar, bukhshee, v. the guide. 

gin, thekee. 

glacis, pooshtu, dugram. 

grenade, hooqqu (thrower) hooqqe-baz. 

ground to, soolana. 

guard, chuokee, puhru (advanced) hurawul, qurawul, 

ugaree (rear) chundawul, pichharee (to) nigahbanee-k. 

khubur-lena, hifazut-k. 
guide, kurkaru, duoraha, v. the guide. 
gun-carriage, urabu, v. carriage. 
helmet, top, khod. 
hide, cham, chursa. 
howitzer, urabu. 
hospital, beemar-khanu. 
hurdle, thuthur. 

infantry, puedul, piyade, v. the guide. 
intrench to, morchu bundee- or sulabut koochu-k. 
knapsack, jhola. 
ladle, chumuch, do.ee. 
laboratory, baroot- or kar-khanu, 
limber, ruhroo, v. carriage, 
line, pura, suf. 

magazine, mukhzun, v. arsenal. 
mallet, mekh-choo, mogree. 
match, jamgee, diya sula,ee. 
mine, soorung, (to spring) soorung-marna. 
mortar, liocqqu, ban, ghoobara. 
motion, hurkut. 
mould, sancha. 

mutiny, dunga, fusad, hungamu, fitnu. 
oblique, kona kanee, tirchha. 
officer, surdar, oohde-dar 3 v. general. 



218 hindoostanee dialogues. 

ordnance, chuo chukkee, v. gun. 

outpost, aspas kee tu,eenatee. 

parade, quwa^d-gah, v. exercise. 

parley, juwab suwal, v. chamade. 

party, jutha, risalu, tu t eenatee. 

pass, nikasee kee chithee, dustuk rahdaree, purwanu, 

v. defile, and the guide, 
patrol, tilawa, tilayu. 
park, top-khanu. 
palisade, kutghura. 

peace, mel, soolh, sooluh, v. the guide. 
picket, mekh, khoontee. 
picquet, tilayu, girdawuree, itaqee. 
pivot, khoont. 
pioneer, bel-dar. 
platform, chubootru, muchan. 
port-fire, muhtabee, huth-phool, v. match. 
pole, phur, joo ( a, bum. 
priming wire, sozun, soo,a. 
priming, runjuk, (pouch, fyc.) runjukdan. 
quadrant, oostoorlab. 
rammer or pounder, moosul, doormoos. 
ram-rod, guz. 

rampart, fuseel, kumur-kota, deewar. 
range (of shot, gole ka) tuppa, pulla, mar, chot. 
rear, pichharee, pichhwara, peechha. 
to recoil, pulutna, hut-ana. 
redoubt, morchu. 

to relieve, budul-lena, budlee-kurna. 
rendezvous, udda, mujmu. 
reserve, phaltoo, oobaroo, fazil. 
retreat, puhloo-tihee, ( to) hutna. 
rocket, ban, v. the guide. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 219 

roll 9 ismnuweesee, furd, fihrist. 

sally to, khoorooj-k, oobhurna, phoot-nikulna. 

sand bags, baloo kee thuelee. 

sash, jalputka, v. the guide. 

scaling ladder, kumund, v. the guide. 

shovel or spade, belchu, koodal, phuora. 

sling, duwalee, v. belt, the guide. 

sponge staff, soombha. 

squadron, ghol, dustu, jhoond. 

stockade, kumur kota, v. palisade. 

target, chand. 

tar pawling, ghuta top, mom-jamu. 

touch-hole, runjuk-ghura, (ya) -soorakh. 

tompion, dutta. 

trigger, lublubee, kul. 

troop, toomun, risalu. (ev)> suwar. 

trunnions, purkan. 
tumbril, petee. 

vanguard, hurawul, agaree, mohra, v. guard. 
uniform, (sipahiyanu) bana. 
wadding, kusun, nuwalu. 
weapons, hurbu, huthiyar, v. arms. 
wing, puhloo, bughul, kanee, (right) muemuna, (left) 
muesura. 



220 hindoostanee dialogues. 

the english and hindoostanee part of the articles 

of war, with colonel william scottfs letter 

to the commander in chief. 

major general sir robert abercromby, k. b. commander in 
chief of the forces in india. * 
" sir, 

u i have the honour to present to you 
a translation of such of the articles of war into the per- 
sian and hindoostanee languages, as were selected by you, 
to which, in conformity to your instructions, is subjoined 
a translation of the declaration to be made to recruits 
previous to enrolment, as well as of the oath to be taken 
by them on that occasion. 

" diffident of my own ability to translate into the hin- 
doostanee language with grammatical precision, and con- 
sidering that the credit of government is concerned in 
having the work as correct and as perfect as possible, i 
consulted mr. gilchrist, whose extensive and accurate 
knowledge of the hindoostanee language is so fully at- 
tested by his very useful grammar and dictionary, this 
gentleman, with a laudable desire of applying his know- 
ledge to the public good, most readily afforded me his 
assistance, and has not only amended the language, and 
corrected the errors of grammar and construction which 
were found in my translation, but has taken the trouble 
to annex to the hindoostanee part, the words in roman 
characters, the utility of this will be obvious when it is 
considered, that officers who may not be competent to read 
the translation in either the persian or naguree characters, 
will, by a little attention to the key, be able to read it in 
the roman letters, and to explain it to the men under 
their command. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 221 

" the correctness of the grammatical construction may, 
to persons not well versed in the hindoostanee grammar, 
appear at first perplexing ; but as the words employed are 
in common use, and as there is amongst the natives a 
fixed standard for accurate writing and speaking, i cannot 
think it necessary, and i am sure it would not be credit- 
able, to follow a vitious orthography, or transgress the 
rules of grammar, for the purpose of accommodating the 
translation to a false pronunciation, or an incorrect and 
corrupt mode of speech, any more than it would have 
been to have framed the original english upon such a plan. 

" the ground-work of the present is the translation of 
many of the articles made several years ago by major 
kirkpatrick ; and where i have ventured to deviate from 
his translation, it has not been with the presumption of 
improving upon so great an authority, but with the view 
that the whole should be of a piece, in a plain simple 
style, and as close to the original as the idioms of the 
several languages would admit. 

" i have the honour to be, sir, 

f your most obedient and faithful humble servant, 
(signed) " william scott, 

u persian interpreter." 

" Calcutta, august 30, 1796. 



section ii. doosree a,een doosre bab se 

article ii. jo dunge pur hue. 

any officer or soldier who jo ko,ee buraya chhota coh- 

shall behave himself with dedar ya sipahee be,udubee 

contempt or disrespect to- ya hiqarut kure genera] ya 

wards the general, or other kisoo bure surdari fuoj ke 

commander in chief of the huqqmen ; ya bat kuhe ki 

forces, or shall speak words jis se bewuquree ya nooqsan 



%2% hindoostanee dialogues. 

tending to his hurt or dis- oon ka ho suke, tuo wooh 
honour, shall be punished upnee tuqseer ke moowafiq 
according to the nature of suza pawega, lushkuree 
his offence, by the judgment iidalut yu,une court-martial 
of a court-martial. kee tujweez se. 

general is now so generally known here, as to be per- 
haps a better word than either sipah salar or meer bukh- 
shee, munsubdar, &c. in use among the native armies ; 
especially as the martial staff of a bukhshee among us, 
and our adherents, has long since been shrouded in the 
peaceful bags of a paymaster, where there are no words 
among the hindoostanees to express ideas or things, which 
we must communicate to them, innovation is not only ex- 
cusable, but necessary ; it should nevertheless be divested 
of all corruption by us, accompanied with some such ex- 
planation as above, to prevent great misconceptions, should 
the natives hereafter distort our expressions, and per- 
versely affix etymological meanings to them, both inju- 
rious and disgraceful, they have long been puzzled to 
extract something significant from court-martial, under 
their abuse of it, viz. kot mattool, kot muhsool, &c. 
the pernicious tendency of which will now probably be 
counteracted by the simple words, lushkuree udalut, i. e. a 
martial or military court : a salutary institution, unknown 
in the armies of the east, and which, when properly un- 
derstood, will make the idea of distributive justice no 
less pleasing, than its existence or impartiality, in such a 
situation, must prove unexpected to an indian soldier, 
surdari fuoj is a persian form of construction, not very 
common in ordinary conversation, the sentence may still 
be amended or explained thus : " ya kisoo munsubdar ke 
huqq, men," &c. 

the words included within crotchets, are by direction 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



223 



omitted in the translation, the few additions which have 
been made to the original, are noted at the bottom of 
the page. 



article Hi. 
any officer or soldier who 
shall begin, ewcite, cause, 
or join in any mutiny, or 
sedition in the troop, com- 
pany, or regiment, to which 
he belongs, or in any other 
troop or company in the 
service, or on any party, 
post, detachment, or guard, 
on any pretence whatsoever, 
shall suffer death, or such 
other punishment as by a 
court-martial shall be in- 
flicted. 

article iv. 

any officer, non-commis- 
sioned officer, or soldier, 
who, being present at any 
mutiny or sedition, does not 
use his utmost endeavours 
to suppress the same, or 
coming to the knowledge of 
any mutiny, or intended 
mutiny, does not without de- 
lay give information thereof 
to his commanding officer, 
shall be punished byacourt- 



teesree a,een doosre bab kee. 
koee oohdedar ya sipahee 
jo upne risale men, ya com- 
pany, ya pultun, ya regi- 
ment men, ya uor kisee ri- 
sale ya company men, ya 
lushkur men, ya kisee tu ( ee- 
natee pur, ya thane pur, ya 
chuokee puhre pur, kisoo 
subub se koochh dunga ya 
fusad shooroou kure, ya mu- 
chawe, ya shureek kisee fit- 
ne men howe, tuo wooh ma- 
raja,ega jan se, ya uesee 
suza pawega juesee court- 
martial thuhrawe. 

chuothee a ( een doosre 
bab kee. 
io ko.ee chhota bura oohde- 
dar ya sipahee, kisee dunge 
ya fusad men hazir hoke, 
upne muqdoor bhur oosee 
ko mulmet nu kure ; ya ki- 
soo dunge ya oos ke irade se 
waqif hoke, troont upne sur- 
dar ko iskee khubur na pu- 
hoonchawe, tuo suza ooskee 
court-martial kee tujweez se 
qutl hoga, ya uor turuh kee 
tumbeeh upnee tuqseer ke 



224 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



martial with death, or other- lajq pawega 
wise, according to the na- 
ture of his offence, 
article v. 



any officer or soldier who 
shall strike his superior 
officer, or draw, or offer to 
draw, or shall lift up any 
weapon, or offer any vio- 
lence against him [being in 
the execution of his office], 
on any pretence whatsoever, 
or shall disobey any lawful 
command of his superior 
officer, shall suffer death, 
or such other punishment 
as shall, according to the 
nature of his offence, be in- 
flicted upon him by the sen- 
tence of a court-martial. 



panchween a,een doosre 
bab kee. 
ko,ee oohdedar ya sipahee, 
jo upne se bure ya qudeem 
cphdedar ko mare, ya tul- 
war oos pur khuenche, ya 
khuencha chahe, ya kisoo 
huthiyar ko oothawe, ya ki- 
see turuh kee zuburdustee 
numood kure, kisoo hoojjut 
se ; ya upne se bure ya qu- 
deem oohdedar ka ko,ee wa- 
jibee hookm nu mane, tuo 
wooh mardalaja,ega, ya uor 
ko,ee uesee siyasut jo oos ke 
goonah ke moowafiq hogee, 
so court-martial kee tujweez 
se oos ko deeja,egee. 



men not versed in faithful translations, can have no 
conception of the difficulty a conscientious interpreter 
must encounter, before he inserts an unexceptionable sub- 
stitute, in british india, for lawful, where three grand 
codes clash with each other, and consequently require a 
specification or latitude, that in one word is perhaps im- 
possible, wajibee for common use is probably the best, 
being most readily understood by all ranks of men. — 
were lawful here construed (as i think it ought) rational, 
mu,uqool might prove as good a term as any ; the truth 
however is this, that it, and all others such as moonasib, 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



225 



wajibee, ja,e sir, thikaneka, insanee, like shuru,ee, a t eenee, 
qanoonee, shasturee, kitabee, oprfee, &c. may admit of 
constructions inconsistent with the relative situation of 
superior and inferior officers, on critical occasions, where 
cavil and objections might prove fatal to one or both par- 
ties, if not to the service. 

section v. 

article i. 
all officers and soldiers, who 
having received pay, or hav- 
ing been duly inlisted in the 
service, shall be convicted of 
having deserted the same, 
shall suffer death, or such 
other punishment as by a 
court-martial shall he in- 
flicted. 

article ii. 

any non-commissioned offi- 
cer or soldier, who shall, 
without leave from his com- 
manding officer, absent him- 
self from his troop or com- 
pany, or from any detach- 
ment with which he shall be 
commanded, shall, upon be- 
ing convicted thereof, be 
punished according to the 
nature of his offence, at the 
discretion of a court-martial, 
article Hi. 

no non-commissioned officer 



puehlee a.een panchwen 
bab kee. 
sub ko.ee oohdedar, ya sipa- 
hee, jo tulub pake, ya upne 
nam likhakur dustoor moo- 
wafiq nokree men, phir oos 
se jo bhagen uor yih sabit 
ho, tuo oon kee suza muot 
hogee, ya uor ko,ee siyasut 
juesee court-martial se thuh- 
ra ( ee ja,egee. 
doosree a,een panchwen 
bab kee. 
jo huwaldar ya uor ko,ee 
chhota oohdedar, ya sipahee, 
upne surdar kee rcokhsut 
bina, upne risale, ya com- 
pany, ya kisee tu.eenatee 
se, upne tu,een ghuerhazir 
kure, uor yih oos pur sabit 
ho, tuo upnee tuqseer ke 
moowafiq suza pawega court- 
martial kee tujweez se. 



teesree aeen panchwen 

bab kee. 

jo huwaldar ya uor ko ( ee 



226 



hindoostanee dialogues, 



or soldier shall inlist him- 
self in any other regiment, 
troop, or company, without 
a regular discharge from 
the regiment, troop, or com- 
pany inwhich he last served, 
on the penalty of being re- 
puted a deserter, and suffer- 
ing accordingly ; and in case 
any officer shall knowingly 
receive and entertain such 
non-commissioned officer or 
soldier, or shall not, after 
his being discovered to be a 
deserter, immediately con- 
fine him, and give notice 
thereof to the corps in which 
he last served, he the said 
officer so offending shall by a 
court-martial be cashiered. 



article iv. 

whatsoever officer or soldier 
shall be convicted of having 
advised or persuaded any 
other officer or soldier to de- 
sert the service, shall suffer 
such punishment as shall 
be inflicted upon him by the 
sentence of a court-martial. 



chhota qohdedar, ya sipahee, 
chithee burturfee kee dus- 
toor moowafiq upne ugle re- 
giment, risale, ya company 
se nu pakur, uor kisee re- 
giment, risale, ya company 
men, upna nam likhawe; 
tuo wooh bhagora gina ja,e- 
ga uo wuesee hee suza pa- 
wega : tis pur joko,ee qohde- 
dar jan boojh kur uese 
chhote qohdedar, ya sipahee 
ko rukhe, ya nam likhawe 
ya oosko bhagora mu,uloom 
kurte hee troont oosko qued 
nu kure, uor iskee khubur 
oosee pultun men ki jis se 
bhaga hue nu puhoonchawe ; 
tuo woohee qohdedar court- 
martial kee tujweez se oohdu 
kho,ega uo burturuf bhee 
hoga. 
chuothee a,een panchwen 
bab kee. 
joko.ee qohdedar, ya sipa- 
hee, kisee uor qohdedar, ya 
sipahee ko nokree se bhagne 
ko kuhe, ya sikhawe, uo 
yih oos pur sabit ho ; tuo 
oosko uesee siyasut milegee 
juesee court-martial kee tuj- 
weez se thuhra,ee ja,egee. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



227 



section viiL 
article i. 
whenever any officer or sol- 
dier shall be accused of a 
capital crime, or of having 
used violence, or committed 
any offence against the per- 
sons or property of our sub- 
jects, such as is punishable 
by the knoivn laws of the 
land, the commanding offi- 
cer, and officers of every 
regiment, troop, company, 
or party, to which the per- 
son or persons so accused 
shall belong, are hereby re- 
quired, upon application 
duly made by, or in behalf 
of the parties injured, to use 
his utmost endeavours to 
deliver over such accused 
person or persons to the civil 
magistrate ; and likewise to 
be aiding and assisting to 
the officer of justice, in ap- 
prehending and securing 
the person or persons so ac- 
cused, in order to bring him 
or them to a trial, if any 
officer shall wilfully neglect 
or shall refuse^ upon the ap- 
plication aforesaid, to deli- 
ver over such accused per- 



puehlee a,een athwen bab 

kee. 
jis wuqt kisee oohdedar ya 
sipahee pur, bure goonah 
kee nalish ho, ya kisoo rue- 
jut ke budun ya mal ke 
koochh bidut, ya nooqsan 
kurne kee furiyad howe, jis 
kee suza muoqoof hue mool- 
kee a,een pur, jis kisee re- 
giment, risale, company, ya 
tu,eenatee men wooh asamee, 
ya we asamee ulaqu rukhte 
hon, jin pur furiyad hoo,ee 
hue ; tuo ooshee ke surdar 9 
uor qohdedaron ko chuhiye, 
is a,een ke moowafiq, moona- 
sib durkhwast pur, oos furi- 
yaddeeya furiyadiyon se, ya 
oon kee turuf se, ki upne 
muqdoor bhur oos asamee 
ya asamiyon ko, jin pur 
nalish hoo,ee hue, moolkee 
hakim ko sompe ; uor si- 
wa,e is ke chuhiye ki udalut 
ke oohdedar ko mudud o 
suhara dewe, oos asamee ya 
asamiyon ke pukurne, uor 
sulamut puhoonchane men, 
waste tuhqeeqat is nalishee 
mooquddume ke. ugurko.ee 
surdar ya oohdedar, dekh 
soonke nu mane, ya ghuflut 
2 



228 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



son or persons to the civil 
magistrate, or to be aiding 
to the officers of justice in 
apprehending such person 
or persons, the officer or 
officers so offending shall be 
cashiered. 



article ii. 

no officer shall protect any 
person from his creditors on 
the pretence of his being a 
soldier ; any officer offend- 
ing herein, being convicted 
thereof before a court-mar- 
tial, shall be cashiered. 

section ioc. 
article i. 
if any commissioned officer 
or inferior officer or soldier 
shall think himself wronged 
by his superior or other offi- 
cer, he is to complain there- 
of to the commanding officer 
of the regiment, troop, or 
company, who is hereby re- 
quired to summon a court- 
martial for the doing justice 
to the complainant. 



kure oosee durkhwast kee 
roo se moolkee hakim ko oos 
asamee y a asamiyon ke somp- 
ne men ya is asamee, ya asa- 
miyon ke pukurne men uda- 
lut ke logon kee koomuk nu 
kure ; tuo wooh surdar ya 
we oohdedar tuqseermund 
oohde uor nokree se burtu- 
ruf ho,enge. 
doosree a,een athwen bab 

kee. 
chahiye ki ko,ee oohdedar 
nu buchawe kisee quruzdar 
ko ooske muhajunon se, si- 
pahee hone kee hoojj ut se : 
jo oohdedar is bat ka tuq- 
seerwarthuhre court-martial 
men, nokree se juwab pa- 
wega. 

puehiee a,een nuwen 
bab kee. 
ugur ko,ee chhota ya bura 
oohdedar, ya sipahee, yih 
sumjhe, ki ooske upne sur- 
dar, ya uor kisoo oohdedar 
ne oos pur koochh zoolm ya 
beja kiya ho, tuo ocs ko up- 
ne regiment, ya risale, ya 
company ke surdar se is bat 
kee nalish kurneehogee, uor 
oos surdar ko chahiye isee 
a ( een kee roo se, ki court- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



229 



martial ko jumu.u kure fu 
riyadee ke insaf kurne ke 
live. 
section x. doosree a,een dus wen. 

i article ii. bab kee. 

whatsoever ?ion-commissi- jo ko,ee huwaldar, ya uor 
oned officer or soldier shall ko,ee chhota oohdedar, ya 
be convicted at a regimental sipahee beche, ya jan boojh- 
court-martial of having sold, kur ya ghuflut se, khurab 



or designedly, or through 
neglect, wasted the ammu- 
nition delivered out to him 
to be employed in the ser- 



kure, woohee baroot golee 
ya tote jo cosko huwale hoo e 
huen sirkar ke kam ko, uor 
yih bat pultunee court-mar- 



vice, shall, if a non-com- tial men oos pur thuhre, tuo 
missioned officer, be reduced wooh jo chhota oohdedar ho, 
to a private centinel, and sipahee ke durje men ake mar 
shall besides suffer corporal bliee kha ( ega, tuqseerwarsa, 
punishment, in the same moowafiq murzee court-mar- 
manner as a private cen- 
tinel so offending, at the 
discretion of a regimental 
court-martial. 

article Hi. 
every non-commissioned offi- 
cer or soldier, who shall be 



tial kee mar kha,ega. 



teesree a ( een duswen bab kee. 
hur ko,ee huwaldar, ya uor 
ko,ee chhota oohdedar, ya 



convicted at a court-martial sipahee, jo upne ghore, hut- 
of having sold, or lost, or hiyarou, kupron, ya sipahi- 



spoiled through his neglect, 
his horse, arms, clothes, or 
accoutrements, shall under- 
go such weekly stoppages 



yane surinj anion ko beche, 
kho,e ya upnee ghuflut se 
bigare, uor yih court-mar- 
tial men oos pur sabit ho ; 



(not exceeding the half of tuo uesa dand hur athware 
his pay) as a court-martial ooskee adhee tulub se liya 



230 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



shall judge sufficient for 
repairing the loss or da- 
mage, and shall suffer im- 
prisonment or such other 
corporal punishment as his 
crime shall deserve, 
section wi. 

article i. 
all non-commissioned offi- 
cers and soldiers, who shall 
be found one mile from the 
camp, without leave in writ- 
ing from the commanding 
officer, shall suffer such pu- 
nishment as shall he inflicted 
upon them by the sentence 
of a court-martial. 

article ii. 

no officer or soldier shall lie 
out of his quarters, garri- 
son, or camp, without leave 
from his superior officer, 
upon the penalty of being 
punished according to the 
nature of his offence by the 
sentence of a court-martial. 

article Hi. 

every non-commissioned offi- 
cer and soldier shall retire 
to his quarters or tent at the 



ja,ega,juesa ki court-martial 
thuhrawe, oos nooqsan uor 
kumtee ke poora kurne ko ; 
uor qued bhee hoga, ya itnee 
mar kha,ega, jitnee ooskee 
tuqseer ke la,iq ho.egee. 

puehlee a,een egarwen 
bab kee. 
sub ko,ee huwaldar, ya uor 
ko,ee chhote qohdedar, ya 
sipahee, jo lushkur ke moo- 
qam se adji kos pur pa,e ja- 
wen, bina upne surdar kee 
rokhsut kee chithee ; tuo oon 
ko uesee tumbeeh milegee 
juesee court-martial kee tuj- 
weez se thuhrawe ja.egee. 

doosree a,een egarwen 
bab kee. 
chahiye ki ko,ee qohdedar, 
ya sipahee, upne surdar kee 
purwangee bina, kuheen ba- 
hur rat bhur nu ruhe, upne 
dere, qile, ya lushkur ke 
mooqam, ya chhuonee se, 
nuheen to suza pawega, up- 
nee tuqseer ke moowafiq 
court-martial kee tuj weez se. 

teesree a,een egarwen 
bab kee. 
hurek huwaldar, ya uor ki- 
soo chhote qohdedar o sipa- 
hee ko chahiye, ki sham kee 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



231 



beating of the retreat ; in 
default of which, he shall 
be punished according to 
the nature of his offence, 
by the commanding officer. 

article iv. 

no officer, non-commissioned 
officer, or soldier, shall fail 
of repairing at the time 
fixed, to the place of parade 
of exercise, or other rendez- 
vous appointed by his com- 
manding officer, if not pre- 
vented by sickness, or some 
other evident necessity ; or 
shall go from the said place 
of rendezvous, or from his 
guard, without leave from 
his commanding officer, be- 
fore he shall be regularly 
dismissed or relieved, on the 
penalty of being punished 
according to the nature of 
his offence, by the sentence 
of a court-martial, 
article v. 

whatever commissioned offi- 
cer shall be found drunk on 
his guard, party, or other 
duty under arms, shall be 



top ya tumboor bajne pur, 
upne upne deron men, ya 
thikane pur ja ruhen, nu- 
heen to upnee tuqseer kee 
see suza wuhan ke surdar 
se pawega. 

chuothee a.een, egarwen 
bab kee. 
ugur ko,ee chhota ya bura 
oohdedar, ya sipahee qoosoor 
kure bur wuqt puhoonchne 
men quwa.idgah pur, ya uor 
jugeh juma hone kee, ki jo 
surdar ne thuhra,ee ho, bug- 
huer beemaree, ya uor ko,ee 
zuroorut zahiree ; ya oosee 
jugeh se, ya kisee chuokee 
puhre se upne surdar ke 
kuhe bina, ya upnee budlee 
ya chhoottee moowafiq dus- 
toor ke, age oothjawe ; tuo 
court-martial kee tujweez se 
juesee ooskee tuqseer thuh- 
regee wueseehee suza oos ko 
milegee. 



panchween a,een egarwen 
bab kee. 
jo ko,ee bura oohdedar, up- 
nee chuokee puhre pur, ya 
tu,eenatee, ya kisoo uor khid- 
mut pur, huthiyar bandhe 



232 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



cashiered for it; any non- 
commissioned officer or sol- 
dier so offending^ shall suffer 
such corporal punishment 
as shall be inflicted by the 
sentence of a court-martial. 



article vi. 

whatever centinel shall be 
found sleeping upon his 
post, or shall leave it before 
he shall be regularly re- 
lieved, shall sieffer death, or 
such other punishment as 
shall be inflicted by the sen- 
tence of a court-martial. 

article vii. 

no soldier shall hire another 
to do his duty for him, or 
be excused from duty, but 
in case of sickness, disa- 
bility, or leave of absence ; 
and every such soldier found 
guilty of hiring his duty, 
as also the party so hired 
to do another's duty, shall 
be punished at the next re- 
gimental court-martial. 



hoo ( e mutwala paya jawe; 
tuo is bat ke waste burturuf 
hoga, uo ko,ee chhota ooh- 
dedar, ya sipahee jo uesa 
goonah kure, etee mar kha ( e- 
ga jetee court-martial kee 
tnjweez men thuhra ( ee ja,e- 
gee. 
chhutheen a,een egarwen 
bab kee. 
ko,ee sentry, yu une puhre- 
dar sipahee, jo upne puhre 
kee jugeh pur sote hoo,e 
pukra jawe, ya oos jugeh 
ko chhore, buqa.idu budlee 
ke age ; tuo wooh qutl hoga, 
ya uor koee siyasut juesee 
court-martial tujweez kure 
wuesee pawega. 

satween a ( een egarwen 
bab kee. 
chahiye ki ko,ee sipahee up- 
ne iwuz doosre ko ujoore 
pur upnee lushkuree khid- 
mut kurne ke waste nu ruk- 
he, uor yih khidmut kisoo 
ko moo af nuheen hone kee, 
siwa ( e beemaree, lacharee ya 
rookhsut kee halut men, uor 
hur ek sipahee ki jis pur yih 
sabit hoga, ki wooh upnee 
khidmut theeke pur kurawe 
hue, tuo wooh uor iwuzee 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



article viii. 

andevery non-commissioned 
officer conniving at such hi- 
ring of duty as aforesaid, 
shall be reduced for it ; and 
every commissioned officer 
knowing and allowing of 
such ill practices in the ser- 
vice, shall be punished by 
the judgment of a general 
court-martial. 

article ioc. 

any person belonging to the 
forces, who, by discharging 
of fire-arms, drawing of 
swords, beating drums, or 
by any other means what- 
soever, shall occasion false 
alarms in camp, garrison, 
or quarters, shall be pu- 
nished at the discretion of 
a court-martial. 

article at. 

any officer or soldier, who 
shall without urgent neces- 
sity, or without the leave of 



jo ghuer kee sipahiyanee 
khidmut uese chookuote pur 
lewe, suza pawenge puehle 
pultunee court-martial se. 
athween a ( een egarwen 
bab kee. 
uor hur ko,ee chhota cohde- 
dar jo uesee theekedaree kee 
khidmut pur anakanee dcvve 
tuo wooh upne oohde se ni- 
kala ja ega ; uor hur ek bu- 
rn cohdedar jo uesee namu.u- 
qool baton ko janke mutiya- 
we ; tuo suza pawega, bure 
court-martial kee tujweez se. 

nuween a,een egarwen 
bab kee. 
ko,ee lushkuree admee jo 
bundooq ya oos ke qism ke 
chhorne se, tulwar khuench- 
ne se tumboor bujane se, ya 
kisoo uor tureh se, lushkur, 
ya chhuonee, ya qilu,e men 
kumurbundee ya tueyaree 
dhokhe se kurawe, tuo wooh 
tumbeeh pawega court-mar- 
tial kee bichar se. 

dusween a,een egarwen 

bab kee. 

ko.ee oohdedar ya sipahee, 

jo upnee tolee ko chhore 5 

bina lacharee, ya upne sur- 



234 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



his superior officer ; quit his 
platoon or division, shall be 
punished according to the 
nature of his offence, by the 
sentence of a court-martial* 
article ooi. 

no officer or soldier shall do 
violence to any person who 
brings provisions, or other 
necessaries to the camp, 
garrison, or quarters of the 
forces, on pain of being pu- 
nished at the discretion of 
a court-martial. 

article xii. 

whatsoever officer or soldier 
shall misbehave himself be- 
fore the enemy, or shame- 
fully abandon any post 
committed to his charge, or 
shall speak words inducing 
others to do the like, shall 
suffer death. 



article xiii. 

whatsoever officer or soldier 
shall misbehave himself be- 
fore the enemy, and run 
away, or shamefully aban- 



dar kee rookhsut ke; tuo oos 
ko uesee suza miiegee, jue- 
see court-martial kee tuj- 
weez men, oos ke qoosoor ke 
la,iq howegee. 
egarween a ( een egarwen 

bab kee. 
chahiye ki ko.ee qohdedar, 
ya sipahee, kisee admee ko 
nu sutawe jo rusud, ya uor 
ko t ee surinjam, lushkur, qi- 
lu ( e, ya chhuonee men pu- 
hoonchata hue, nuheen to 
suzapawega, moowafiq mur- 
zee court-martial kee. 
barween a.een egarwen 

bab kee. 
jo ko,ee qohdedar, ya sipa- 
hee, dooshmun ke samne 
koochal kure, ya beghueru- 
tee se kisee thane ko jo ni- 
gahbanee ke waste oos ke 
huwale hue chhorjawe, ya 
baten kuhe ki jin se uor log 
wueseehee koochalee kuren, 
tuo chahiye ki wooh jan se 
mara ja.ega. 
terhween a t een egarwen 

bab kee. 
jo ko ( ee qohdedar, ya sipa- 
hee dooshmun ke samne koo- 
chal kurke, bhage ; ya beg- 
huarutee se kisee gurh ko, 



hindoostanee dialogues, 



235 



don any fort, post, or guard, 
which he or they shall be 
commanded to defend, or 
speak words inducing others 
to do the like; or who, after 
victory, shall quit his com- 
manding officer or post, to 
plunder and pillage ; every 
such offender, being duly 
convicted thereof, shall be 
reputed a disobey er of mili- 
tary orders, and shall suffer 
death, or such other pu- 
nishment as by a general 
court-martial shall be in- 
flicted on him, 

article wiv. 

any person belonging to the 
forces, who shall cast away 
his arms or ammunition, 
shall suffer such punish- 
ment as shall be ordered 
by the sentence of a court- 
martial. 

article aw. 

any person belonging to 
the forces, who shall make 
known the watch-word to 
any person who is not en- 
titled to receive it, accord- 
ing to the rules and disci- 



thane, ya, chuokee puhre 
ko, ki jiske thambhne ko 
oose hookm hue chhorjawe, 
ya baten kuhe ki jin se uor 
log, wueseehee koochalee 
kuren, ya futih ke bu,ud, 
upne surdar, ya thane ko 
loot pat ke waste chhore, 
uor jo ko,ee uesa goonahgar, 
tuhqeeq kee roo se thuhre- 
ga; tuo woh lushkuree hook- 
mon ka na manne wala gina 
ja,ega, uor wooh qutl hoga, 
ya uesee uor siyasut, juesee 
court-martial menthuhregee 
pawega. 
chuodhween a ( een egarwen 

bab kee. 
ko,ee lushkuree admee jo 
upne huthiyaron, ya baroot 
golee wughuere ko phenk 
dewe, uesee suza pawega jue- 
see court-martial kee tuj- 
weez se hookm hoga. 

pundruhween a.een egarwen 

bab kee. 
jo ko ( ee lushkuree kisoo ad- 
mee ko parole, yu,une chuo- 
kee puhre wughuere ka is- 
haru soonawe, jo is ke mu,u- 
loom kurne kela.iq moowafiq 
qa ( ide o dustoor fuoj ke nu 



236 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



pline of war ; or shall pre- 
sume to give a parole or 
watch-word different from 
what he received, shall suf- 
fer such punishment as 
shall be ordered by the sen- 
tence of a court-martial, 
article oovi. 

all officers and soldiers are 
to behave themselves orderly 
in quarters, and on their 
march; and whosoever si tall 
commit any waste or spoil, 
either in [walks of trees, ~\ 
parks, warrens, fish-ponds, 
houses, or gardens, corn- 
fields, [enclosures or mea- 
dows,] or shall maliciously 
destroy any property what- 
ever, unless by order of the 
then commander in chief of 
the forces (where the ser- 
vice may require it), he or 
they tlmt shall be found 
guilty of offending herein, 
shall be punished according 
to the nature and degree of 
the offence, by the judgment 
of a court-martial, 
article xvii. 

whosoever shall relieve the 



ho, ya ki dheeth hokur jo 
parole oosne paya hue, si- 
wa,e oos ke uor ko,ee bat ya 
isharu dewe, tuo suza pa- 
wega juesee court-martial 
kee tujweez se hookm hoga. 

solhween a ( een egarwen 
bab kee. 
chahiye ki sub ko,ee qohde- 
dar, uor sipahee, upne bun- 
dobust kee chal pur chule 
upne dere, ya chhounee, ya 
kooch men, uo jo ko,ee lush- 
kuree, baghon ko ya rum- 
non,muchhlee talabon, ghu- 
ron, ya bustiyon, kheton ya 
khuleehanon ko thora ya 
buhoot loote, ya bigare, ya 
kisee admee pur ziyadutee 
kure, ya zidd se kisee mal 
ko khurab kure, oos wuqt 
ke bure surdar ke hookm 
bughuer ; tuo wooh admee 
ya we log jo uesee baton 
men goonahgar thuhren ue- 
see siyasut pawenge juesee 
court-martial kee tujweez 
se oon ke goonah ke moowa- 
fiq thuhregee. 
sutruhween a^en egarwea 

bab kee. 
jo ko,ee dooshmun ko nuqd 



hindoostanee 



dialogues. 



237 



enemy with money ', victuals, 
or ammunition, or shall 
knowingly harbour or pro- 
tect an enemy, shall suffer 
such punishment as by a 
court-martial shall be in- 
flicted. 

article ooviii. 

whosoever shall be convicted 
of holding correspondence 
ivith, or giving intelligence 
to the enemy, either directly 
or indirectly, shall suffer 
death, or such punishment 
as by a court-martial shall 
be inflicted. 



article ococ. 

if any officer or soldier shall 
leave his post or colours to 
go in search of plunder, he 
shall, upon being convicted 
thereof before a court-mar- 
tial, suffer death, or such 
other punishment as by a 
court-martial shall be in- 
flicted. 

article xooi. 

if the governor or common- 



se, baroot golee, ya rusud 
wughuere se pooshtee de bu- 
chawe, ya jan boojhkur ki- 
soo ek dooshmun ko bhee 
tikawe, ya rukhe ; tuo wooh 
uesee tumbeeh pawega jue- 
see court-martial thuhrawe. 
utharween a,een egarwen 

bab kee. 
jo ko,ee dooshmun se khutt 
kitabut kee roo se, ya zu- 
banee ulaqu rukhe, ya ap 
koochh khubur puhooncha- 
we, ya kisoo wuseele se, 
uor yih bat sabit ho; tuo 
jan se mara ja,ega, ya uor 
ko,ee siyasut jo court-mar- 
tial men thuhregee, so oos 
ko milegee. 
beesween a f een egarwen 

bab kee. 
ugur ko,ee oohdedar, ya si- 
pahee, upne thane, ya ni- 
shan ko chhorjawe loot pat 
ke tulash men, uor yih bat 
oos pur court-martial men 
tuhqeeq ho ; tuo wooh qutl 
hoga, ya uesee siyasut pa- 
wega j uesee court-martial 
thuhrawe. 
ekeesween a,een egarwen 

bab kee. 
ugur ko,ee oohdedar ya si- 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



der of any garrison, for- 
tress, or post, shall be com- 
pelled by the officers and 
soldiers under his command 
to give it up to the enemy, 
or to abandon it, the com- 
missioned officer, non-com- 
missioned officer, or soldiers, 
who shall be convicted of 
having so offended, shall 
suffer death, or such other 
punishment as may be in- 
flicted upon them by the 
sentence of a court-martial, 
article odogU. 

all suttlers and retainers 
to a camp, and all persons 
whatsoever serving with the 
forces in the field, though 
no inlisted soldiers, are to 
be subject to orders, accord- 
ing to the rules and disci- 
pline of war. 

section coii. 
article iv. 
the person officiating as 
judge advocate, shall [pro- 
secute in his majesty's name ; 
and] in all trials of offend- 
ers by general courts-mar- 
tial, administer to each 



pahee jo kisee qilue, gurhee, 
ya thane ke qiluedar ya sur- 
dar ke hookm men huen, oos 
qiluedar pur zuburdustee 
kurke woohee juguh doosh- 
mun ko dilawen ya chhora- 
wen ; tuo we chhote bure 
oohdedar, ya sipahee, jo 
uese goonahgar thuhrenge 
qutl ho,enge, ya uor siyasut 
court-martial kee tujweez 
se pawenge. 



ba,eesween a,een egarwen 

bab kee. 
lushkur ke tumam buniye 
dookandar, wughuere koon- 
jre bhutiyare luge lipte, uor 
sub ko,ee admee jinne fuoj 
ka sath pukra, goke likhe 
hoo,e sipahiyon men we nu- 
heen huen, tuo bhee lush- 
kuree a.een o qa,ide se hook- 
mon ko manna hoga oonhen. 
chuothee a.een barhwen 

bab kee. 
jo shukhs court-martial men 
judge advocate mooqurrur 
ho, oos ko chahiye ki sub 
goonahgaron kee tuhqeeqat 
pur, bure court-martial men, 
oos udalut ke hur ek admee 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



239 



member the following oaths. 

you shall well and truly try 
and determine, according to 
your evidence, in the matter 
now before you [between our 
sovereign lord the king's 
majesty, and the prisoner 
to be tried]. 

i, a. b. do swear, that i will 
duly administer justice ac- 
cording to the rules and ar- 
ticles for the better govern- 
ment of the officers and sol- 
diers [in the service of the 
united company of mer- 
chants of england trading 
to the east indies, and ac- 
cording to an act of par- 
liament now in force, for 
the punishment of mutiny 
and desertion of officers and 
soldiers in the service of the 
united company of mer- 
chants of england trading 
to the east indies, and for 
the punishment of offences 
committed in the east in- 
dies, or at the island of 
saint helena,] without par- 
tiality, favour, or affection; 
and if any doubt shall arise, 
which is not explained by 



ko is tureh se qusum khi- 

lawe. 

toom koyih mooquddumujo 

roobukar hue, khoob janch- 

na uor sucha.ee se thuhrana 

hoga, guwahon kee guwa- 

hee ke moowafiq. 



muen fulanu qusum khata 
hoon ki turufdaree,' re.ayut, 
uor mue,a moh ko chhorke 
juesa chahiye insaf wuesa 
kuroonga, moowafiq a ( een o 
qa,ide ke jo oohdedaron uor 
sipahiyon ke bihtur bun do- 
bust ke waste huen, uor jo 
uesa ko,ee shoobhu dekha,ee 
de ki cos a,een semuheen 
khoolta hue, tuo muen upne 
eeman kee (uor dhurumkee) 
roo se, uor uql ke muqdoor 
bhur, uor lushkuree riwaj 
ke moowafiq uese mooqud- 
dumon men, insaf kee tuj- 
weez kuroonga. o phir bhee 
qusum khata hoon muen, 
ki is udalut kee tujweez za- 
hir nu kuroonga, jub tuluk 
munzoor nu hoga, bure sur- 
dar fuoj ke, ya oos shukhs 
ke, ya oon shukhsonke, jin- 
kee sunud, yahookm se, yih 



240 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



the said articles, [or act of 
parliament,] according to 
my conscience, the best of 
my understanding, and the 
custom of war in the like 
cases, and i do further 
swear, that i will not di- 
vulge the sentence of the 
court, until it shall be ap- 
proved by the general or 
commander in chief, or the 
person or persons by whose 
warrant or authority the 
court-martial shall be held; 
neither will i, upon any ac- 
count, at any time whatso- 
ever, disclose or discover the 
vote or opinion of any par- 
ticular member of the court- 
martial, unless required to 
give evidence thereof as a 
witness, by a court of jus- 
tice in due course of law. 
and as soon as the said oath 
shall have been admini- 
stered to the respective mem- 
bers, the president of the 
court shall administer to 
the judge advocate, or the 
person officiating as such, 
an oath in the following 
words : 
i, a. b. do swear, that i will 



court-martial jumu.u hoo,a 
ho. o muen hurgiz kisoo 
subub se kudhee nu ku- 
hoonga nu butla,oonga is 
court-martial ke kisee ek 
admee ka buchun bichar, 
ya qiyas, judlug moojhe zu- 
roor nu pure oon baton kee 
guwahee dena, guwah hoke 
moolkee udalut men, insaf 
jaree hone ke liye. 



jud court-martial ka hur ek 
admee wooh qusum kha- 
chooka, tud oon ka presi- 
dent yane purdhan, judge 
advocate ya oos ke iwuzee 
ko, yih qusum ub khila- 
wega. 



muen fulanu qusum khata 



hindoostanee 

not upon any account, at 
any time whatsoever, dis- 
close or discover the vote or 
opinion of any particular 
member of the court-mar- 
tial, unless required to give 
evidence thereof as a wit- 
ness, by a court of justice 
in the course of law. 

the following is the mode of 
administering oaths amongst 

the people ofhindoostan: 
i( ifa moosulman, the koran 
is placed upon the hands or 
head of the person taking 
the oath, and the following 
words are pronounced to 
him, " khooda wahid sha- 
hid, jankur :" that is, " be- 
lieving that god is one and 
present" if a hindoo, a 
copper vessel containing 
water of the ganges, and 
some leaves of the toolsee, is 
put into his hands : if wa- 
ter of the ganges and leaves 
of the toolsee be not procu- 
rable, any water, with which 
the stone saligram has been 
washed by a bruhmun, may 
be substituted, in a copper 
vessel: if this be not at 



dialogues. 241 

hoon, ki hurgiz kisoo subub 
se kudhee nu kuhoonga, nu 
butla,oonga,is court-martial 
ke kisee ek admee ka bu- 
chun bichar, ya qiyas, jud- 
lug moojhe zuroor nu pure 
oon baton keeguwaheedena, 
guwah hoke moolkee udalut 
men, insaf jaree hone ke 

dhub qusum lene dene ka, 
uor buy an oos ka. 

jo moosulman ho chaho hath 
men ya sir pur oos ke qooran 
shureef deke kuhen, " khoo- 
da ko wahid shahid jankur." 
ugur hindoo ho, gunga ka 
panee tambe ke burtun men 
lekur, uo pat toolsee ke oos 
men dalkur, oos ke hath men 
den; jub ki gunga Jul uo 
toolsee pat nu mile, saligram 
ko bruhmun ke hath se ki- 
soo ek panee ke sath dhoke, 
woohee panee tambe ke bur- 
tun men dekur hath men 
dewen : jo wooh bhee moo - 
yussur nu ho, tuo tambe ke 
basun men pubittur panee 
lekur toolsee pat ya kisee 
qism ka phool jo mil suke, 
oos hindoo ke hath men rukh- 



242 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



hand, then a copper vessel, 
containing any pure wa- 
ter, is put into the hindo6>s 
hands, and also leaves of the 
toolsee, or Jlowers of any 
sort, and calling on the gan- 
ges, he is to throw the leaves 
into the water : if neither 
the leaves of the toolsee, nor 
any Jlowers be procurable, 
the grass named koos may 
be used alone, placing it on 
his head: if this be not pro- 
curable, the pothee doorga 
path is to be placed in his 
hands, and sworn upon, 
swearing by the pothee hu- 
ribuns and by the feet of a 
bruhmun are the most so- 
lemn oaths, but not used on 
common occasions : when 
the oath is administering, 
the following words are 
pronounced, " purmeswur 
ko jan mankur," that is, 
" trusting and believing in 
purmeswur" the oath must 
be administered, and the 
whole ceremony performed, 
by a bruhmun. 
persons of other persuasions 
are to be sworn according 
to their respective faiths. 



kur uo nam gunga ka zu- 
ban pur leke cos pat ko cosee 
panee men dekur, cos se qu- 
sum len. jo toolsee pat, ya 
kisoo phool ke qism se ko,ee 
phool nu hath awe, tuo kha- 
lee koos ko sir pur rukhkur 
qusum khilaya chahiye. jis 
wuqt yih bhee nuheen mile 
doorga path kee pothee hath 
men dekur suogund lewen — 
huribuns pothee uor bruh- 
mun ke panw kee buree ku- 
thin kiriya hue, suhuj moo- 
quddumon men cos se qusum 
moonasib nuheen hue. phir 
suogund lene ke wuqt cos 
ko kuhen " purmeswur ko 
jan mankur." yih kiriya 
ya suogund bruhmunhee ke 
hath se sub reet rusum cos 
kee kurake dilanee chahiye. 



uor muzhub ke logon ko, 
jo koochh con ke deen o dhu- 
rummen bureman kee cheez 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



243 



article v. 

all the members of a court- 
martial are to behave with 
decency, and in the giving 
of their votes, are to begin 
with the youngest. 



article vi. 

all persons who give evi- 
dence before a general court- 
martial, are to be examined 
upon oath ; [which oath the 
said general court-martial 
is hereby required and em- 
powered to administer to 
every witness, in order to 
the examination or trial of 
any of the offences that shall 
come before them;] and no 
sentence of death shall be 
given against any offender 
by any general court-mar- 
tial, unless two-thirds of 
the officers present (or four, 
where the general court- 
martial consists of no fewer 
than Jive) shall concur 
therein. 

R 



ho, so hath pur rukhkur 
oon se qusum lewen. 

panchween a een barhwen 

bab kee. 
chahiye ki court-martial ke 
tuman qohdedar, admiyut 
uor udub kee chal se chulen 
o apoos men, chhoton se shoo- 
roou kurke, hur ek durje 
bu durje, upnee upnee tuj- 
weez buyan kuren. 

chhutheen a, een barhwen 
bab kee. 
sub log jo guwahee dewen 
bure court-martial kee roo- 
buroo, tuo oon ko qusum 
pur janchna o poochhna ho- 
ga, uo ko,ee bura court- 
martial kisee goonahgar ke 
qutl kee tujweez nu kur 
suke mugur oos soorut men, 
ki jetne qohdedar bure court- 
martial men muojood hon in 
men se, do hisse ya ugur 
sirf panch admee huen, in 
men se char admee oosee 
tujweez uo mut pur ho wen. 



2U 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



oath to be administered to 
the witnesses : 



dustoor uor qa,idu qusm 
khilane ka guwahon ko, jo 
ki bure court-martial men 
guwahee denge, yih hue. 
yih mooquddumu jo dur- 
pesh hue jo koochh is men 
poochhajawe, sojuwaboos 
ka sucha ( ee se kuhna, uor 
isee mooquddume men bhee 
jo toomhen mu,uloom ho, 
buhoot rastee uor dooroostee 
se, bina luga,o thore buhoot 
ke, zahir kiya chahiye. 
khooda, &c. 



you shall well and truly 

answer make to all such 

questions as shall be asked 

you by this court, concern- 
ing the cause now trying, 

[between our sovereign lord 

the king's majesty, and the 

prisoner,'] and you are to 

speak the truth, the whole 

truth, and nothing but the 

truth. 

for the manner of administering the oath, see pages 
241. 

dusween a,een barhwen 
bab kee. 
hurek regiment, risale^ ya 
company ke bure qohdedar, 
upne surdar ke kuhne pur, 
chhote court-martial men 
jumu/u. ho sukte huen, qu- 
ziyon uor tuqseeron kee tuh- 
qeeqat ke waste jo roobukar 
hote huen, uo qoosooron kee 
suza kee marpeet khilane ke 
liye, uo tujweez mooqud- 
dume kee oon ke qiyas o 
mut kee kusrut uor sursa,ee 
pur thuhregee, lekun oos ko 
vtmul men nu lawen, jub 



article no. 

the commissioned officers of 
every regiment, troop, or 
company, may, by the ap- 
pointment of their com- 
manding officer, hold regi- 
mental courts-martial for 
the enquiring into such dis- 
putes, or criminal matters, 
as may come before them, 
and for inflicting corporal 
punishments for small of- 
fences, and shall give judg- 
ment by the majority of 
voices; but no sentence shall 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



245 



be executed till the com- 
manding officer (not being 
a member of the court-mar- 
tial), or the governor of the 
garrison, shall have con- 
firmed the same. 

article ooiii. 

no person whatever shall 
use menacing words, signs, 
or gestures, in the presence 
of a court-martial then sit- 
ting, or shall cause any dis- 
order or riot, so as to dis- 
turb their proceedings, on 
the penalty of being pu- 
nished at the discretion of 
the said court-martial. 

article ooiv. 

to the end that offenders 
may be brought to justice, 
we hereby direct, that when- 
ever any officer or soldier 
shall commit a crime deser- 
ving punishment, he shall 
by his commanding officer, 
if an officer, be put in ar- 
rest ;if a non-commissioned 
officer or soldier, be impri- 
soned till he shall be either 
tried by a court-martial, or 



lug wuhan ka surdar ya 
qiluedar jo court-martial kee 
subha se bahur hue mun- 
zoor nu kure. 



terhween a.een barhwen 

bab kee. 
chahiye ki ko,ee shukhs, 
jo,ee ho, court-martial kee 
mujlis kee hoozoor,- koochh 
dhumkee nu de, baton, is- 
haron, ya hurkuton se, nu 
wuhan uesa ghool ya bukhe- 
ra kure, ki jis se con kee 
roobukareemen khulul awe, 
nuheen to oosee court-mar- 
tial kee murzee moowafiq 
suza pawega. 
chuodhween a,een barhwen 

bab kee. 
is liye ki tuqseerwar suza 
pawen, yih hookm hue, ki 
jis wuqt ko,ee oohdedar, ya 
sipahee goonah la ( iq tum- 
beeh ke kure, jo bura ooh- 
dedar ho, tuo upne surdar 
kee mu.urifut nuzurbund 
hoga, uor jo chhota oohde- 
dar ya sipahee ho, tub qued 
kiya ja.ega jud lug court- 
martial men tujweez nu 
howe, ya sahib mookhtar 



246 



hindoostanee dialogues. 

ke hookm se mukhlusee nu 



shall be lawfully dsicharged 
by a proper authority, 
article oovi. 

no officer commanding a 
guard, or provost-martial, 
shall refuse to receive, or 
keep any prisoner commit- 
ted to his charge, by any offi- 
cer belonging to the forces ; 
which officer shall, at the 
same time, deliver an ac- 
count in writing, signed by 
himself, of the crime ivith 
which the said prisoner is 
charged. 

it is not possible to give a single word either in persian 
or hindoostanee, corresponding to provost-martial, without 
the risk of confusion ; for though the kotwal in indian 
armies answers nearly to the provost-martial in european 
armies, yet in our indian armies their offices are distinct. 



pawe. 
solhween a^en barhwen 
bab kee. 
chahiye ki ko,ee qohdedar 
mookhtar chuokee puhru, 
ya provost-martial rudd nu 
kure kisoo quedee ke lene 
uor rukhne ko, jo waste ni- 
gahbanee ke huwale ho, 
fuoj ke kisee oohdedar ko 
chahiye ki oosee wuqt oos 
goonah ka uhwal, ki jis se 
quedee giriftar hoo,a hue, 
likhkur upne dustkhutt se 
sipoord kure. 



article xvii. 

no officer commanding a 
guard, nor provost-martial, 
shall presume to release any 
prisoner committed to his 
charge, without proper au- 
thority for so doing ; nor 
shall he suffer any prisoner 
to escape, on the penalty of 
being punished for it by the 
sentence of a court-martial. 



sutruhween a,een barhwen 

bab kee. 
chahiye ki ko,ee cohdedar 
mookhtar chuokee puhru, 
ya provost-martial yih ghu- 
mund nu kure kisoo quedee 
ke chhora sukne ka, jo som- 
pa guya hue oos kee rukh- 
walee men, bina chhorne 
kee purwangee moowafiq 
dustoor ke, uor chahiye ki 
wooh kisee quedee ko bhagne 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



247 



article ocioo. 

and if any officer under ar- 
rest shall leave his confine- 
ment, before he is set at 
liberty [by the officer who 
confined him, or by a su- 
perior power, ] he shall be 
cashiered for it. 

article oox. 

whatsoever commissioned 
officer shall be convicted be- 
fore a general court-mar- 
tial, of behaving in a scan- 
dalous infamous manner, 
such as is unbecoming the 
character of an officer and 
a gentleman, shall be dis- 
charged from the service. 

section mii. 
article i. 
when any commissioned of- 
ficer shall happen to die, or 
be killed in the service, the 
officer commanding the re- 
giment, troop, or company 
to which he did belong, shall 
immediately secure all his 



nu dewe, nuheen to court- 
martial kee tujweez se suza 
pawega. 
oonneesween a,een barhwen 

bab kee. 
jo ko,ee bura cohdedar nu- 
zurbund hoke, upnee nuzur- 
bundee kee jugeh se nikule 
mukhlusee ke age, is bat 
pur burturuf hoga. 



beesween a,een barhwen 
bab kee. 
ko.ee bum cohdedar, jo beg- 
huerutee se upnee hoormut 
chhorke, uesee bud chalee 
chule, ki jis se surdar o 
murde admee kee abroo men 
butta lugega, uorwooh uesee 
baton men bure court-mar- 
tial kee rooburoo goonahgar 
thuhre, tuo wooh nuokree se 
juwab pawega. 

puehlee a,een terhwen 
bab kee. 
jis wuqt ko,ee bura cohde- 
dar nokree men upnee muot 
mure, ya mara jawe, oos re- 
giment, risale, pultun, ya 
company ke surdar ko, ki 
jis se wooh ulaqu rukhta tha 
chahiye ki troont tumam mal 



248 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



effects or equipage then in 
camp or quarters ; and shall 
before the next regimental 
court-martial, make an in- 
ventory thereof, to the end 
that his executors may, af- 
ter payment of his debts in 
quarters, and interment, 
receive the overplus, if any 
be, to his or their use. 

article iu 

when any non-commissioned 
officer, or private soldier, 
shall happen to die, or to 
be killed in the service, 
the then commanding offi- 
cer of the troop or company 
shall, in the presence of two 
other commissioned officers, 
take an account of what- 
ever effects he dies possessed 
of, above his uniform cloth- 
ings, arms, and accoutre- 
ments ; which said effects 
are to be accounted for to 
his lawful heirs, as is above 
directed. 

section oov. 

article i. 

the foregoing articles are to 

be read and published every 



ya usbab ooska, jo oos wuqt 
lushkur ya chhuonee men 
ho, oose jutun se rukhe uor 
ooskee ek furd bhee puehle 
pultunee court-martial ke 
age likhe, is liye ki bu,ud 
uda kurne lushkur ee duen 
uor khurch moorde ke, jo 
baqee ruhe ugur kooehh ho, 
ooske wusee pawenge upne 
ya ooske huqqdar ke waste, 
doosree a,een terhwen 

bab kee. 
jis wuqt ko,ee chhota cohde- 
dar, ya sirf sipahee nokree 
men upnee muot mure, ya 
mara jawe, tuo oos risale ya 
company ke surdar wuqt ko 
lazim hue, ki uor do bure 
oohdedaron kee rooburoo sub 
mal kee tufseel oos moorde 
ke likh rukhe, ooskee sipa- 
hiyane bane, uo huthiyar uo 
surinjam chhorke, kyoon- 
kur ki oos mal muzkoor ka 
wajibee hisab dena hoga oos 
ke huqqdar warison ko, ju- 
esa ki oopur kee a,een men 
likha guya hue. 
puehlee a,een pundruhwen 

bab kee. 
chahiye ki oopur kee lik- 
heen hoo.een a.eenen ek bar 



hindoostanee dialogues, 



249 



two months, at the head of 
every regiment, troop, or 
company, mustered or to be 
mustered in the service; and 
are to be duly observed, and 
exactly obeyed, by all offi- 
cers and soldiers who are or 
shall be in the service. 



article ii. 

all crimes not capital, and 
all disorders, or neglects, 
which officers and soldiers 
may be guilty of, to the 
prejudice of good order and 
military discipline (though 
not mentioned in the above 
articles of war) are to be 
taken cognizance of by a 
court-martial, and to be pu- 
nished at their discretion. 



article v. 

whenever any of the troops 
shall be employed, where 
there is no court of civil 



hur ek do muheene ke urse 
men purhee uor zahir kee 
jawen, hur ek regiment, ri- 
sale, pultun, ya company 
ke samne jis kee gintee hotee 
ho, ya hone ko hue nokree 
men uor chahiye ki duro- 
bust cohdedar uo sipahee, jo 
nokree men hoo,e ya ho,enge 
sub a,eenon ko umul kuren 
uor hurf bu hurf oon ko 
manen. 
doosree a,een pundruhwen 

bab kee. 
uese sub goonah ki jis se 
admee kee jan nu maree 
jawe, o hur ek bhool chook, 
khuta, ya qoosoor jo lush- 
kuree bundobust o soo duol 
men nooqsan law en, uor jis 
men rohdedar, uor sipahee 
tuqseer war ho suke, ugur- 
chi inhee a,eenon men oon ka 
zikr nuheen hue, tuo bhee 
oon kee tujweez court-mar- 
tial men hogee, uor in ba- 
ton kee suza cos udalut kee 
murzee pur muoqoof hogee. 
panchween a,een pun- 
druhwen bab kee. 
jo kubhee lushkur men se 
ko.ee pultun, risalu, wug- 
hueru, uesee jugeh kee tu,ee- 



250 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



judicature, the officer com- 
manding in chief [having 
the warrant or power of 
appointing general courts- 
martial,] shall order any 
person of the said troops, 
who may be guilty of wil- 
ful murder, theft, robbery, 
[rapes, coining, or clipping 
the current coin of the 
country where they may be,~\ 
or of any other capital crime 
or offence, to be tried by 
such general court-martial, 
and be punished with death 
or otherwise, according to 
the sentence of the court, 
[and whenever any of our 
forces shall be employed in 
the east indies, the officer 
commanding in chief, shall 
appoint general courts-mar- 
tial for trying and punish- 
ing offenders in our said 
forces, who may be guilty of 
the afore-mentioned crimes, 
in the manner above di- 
rected.] 

by order of the governor 
general in council, 
(signed) w. scott, 

persian interpreter to the commander 
in chief. 



natee pur ho, ki juhan ko ( ee 
moolkee udalut nuheen hue, 
jub oonhee lushkuriyon ke 
kisoo admee ne khoon, cho- 
ree, ya rahzunee, ya uor 
ko ( ee bura goonah, ya tuq 
seer kiya ho, chahiye ki wu- 
han ka bura surdar mookh- 
tar oosee ke uhwal ko, jun- 
chawe uo tujweez kurawe 
bure court-martial men, ki 
wooh qutl ho, ya uor ko,ee 
suza pawe, oosee lushkuree 
udalut kee tujweez se. 
by order of the governor 
general in council, 
(signed) w. SCOtt, 

persian interpreter to the commander 
in chief. 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



251 



the 6th article of the regu- 
lations relative to native 
recruits, published in mi- 
nutes of council of the 8th 
of august, 1796. 

prior to enrolment, the fol- 
lowing articles of war shall 
be read and explained to 
him (the recruit), vi%. the 
2d, 3d, Mh, and 5th arti- 
cles of the 2d section : the 
1st, 3d, and Uh articles of 
the 5th section : the 2d and 
3d articles of the 10th sec- 
tion : and the 1st, 2d, 6th, 
13th, 16th and 20th arti- 
cles of the 11th section. — at 
the same time the following 
declaration is to be made to 
him, and the following oath 
administered to him, in the 
front of the colours of the 
battalion, according to the 
tenets of his belief 



declaration. — " in time of 
peace, after having served 
three years, on making ap- 
plicationfor your discharge, 
through the commanding 
officer of your company, it 



chhutheen babut hookmon se 
jo nikle the ungrezee fuoj 
ke niye sipahiyon ke waste, 
august, kee athweentareekh, 
sutruh suo chhe anwe sal 

ungrezee. 
hur ek nu,e sipahee kee ism- 
nuweesee ke age chahiye ki 
oos ko soona ( ee uo boojha,ee 
jawen ungrezee fuoj kee 
yehee a,eenen : yu une doos- 
ree, teesree, chuothee, o 
panchween a ( eenen doosre 
bab kee: puehlee, teesree o 
chuothee a.eenen panchwen 
bab kee : doosree o teesree 
a.eenen duswen bab kee ; 
puehlee, doosree, chhuth- 
een, terhween, solhween, 
beesween, aeenen egarwen 
bab kee. tis pur bhee pul- 
tun ke nishan ke samne cha- 
hiye ki oosko age ka shurt 
namu zahir kiya jawe, uor 
age kee qusm oose khila.ee 
jawe oos ke deen o dhurum 
ke i,utiqad ke moowafiq. 

shurt namu. 
sooluh ke wuqt, teen bur us 
kee khidmutkurne kebu,ud, 
nokree se juwab raangne 
pur, upnee company ke 
surdar kee mu.urifut, toom- 



25% 



hindoostanee dialogues. 



will be granted to you, in 
two months from the date 
of your application, pro- 
vided it will not cause the 
vacancies in your company 
to exceed ten, in which case 
you must remain until that 
objection be removed; but 
in time of war you have no 
claim to a discharge, but 
must remain, and do your 
duty, until the necessity of 
retaining you in the service 
shall cease." 

oath. — " i, a. &., inhabitant 
of — village — pergun- 
nah — subah — son of — 
do swear, that i will never 
forsake or abandon my co- 
lours ; that i will march 
wherever i am directed, 
whether within or beyond 
the company's territories ; 
that i will implicitly obey 
all the orders of my com- 
manders, and in every thing 
behave myself, as becomes 
a good soldier and faithful 
servant of the company ; and 
failing in any part of my 
duty as such, i will submit 
to the penalties described in 



haree durkhwast se do mu- 
heene ke beech men toorako 
milega ; is shurt se, ki toom- 
haree company men dus ad- 
mee se ziyadu kum nuho ; 
nuheen to, toom ko ruhna 
hoga, jubtuk yihee rookao 
jata nu ruhe; pur lura,ee 
ke wuqt toomhara koochh 
du,uwa nuheen hue burtur- 
fee ka, bulki toom ko khwah 
mu khwah ruhna hoga, up- 
nee khidmut pur, jublug 
toom ko nokree men rukhne 
kee ghuruz muoqoof nu ho. 

lushkuree qusum namu. 
muen fulanu, ruhne wala 
bustee fulanee ka, purgun- 
ne fulane ka, soobu fulane 
ka, beta fulane ka, qusum 
khata hoon ki muen hur- 
giz upne nishan ko nuheen 
chhorja,oonga, o kooch bhee 
kuroonga juhan kuheen ka 
hookm pa,oon, ya company 
ke umul bhur ho, ya bahur, 
uor upne surdaron ke sub 
hookm tun o mun se ma~ 
noonga, ohur ek bat men, 
upne tu,een nibahoonga, ju- 
esa bhule sipahee, uor com- 
pany ke wufadar nokur ko 
phube; uo wuesahee hoke jo 



hindoostanee dialogues. 253 

the articles of war, which kisoo thoreesee upnee khid- 

have been read to me? mut men qoosoor kuroon, 

by order of the governor tuo muen qubool kuroonga 

general in council. suza,en jo likhee hoo,ee huen 

(signed) w. scott, a,een lushkuree men uor 

persian interpreter to the commander meree rOODUTOO DUrhee gU- 

in chief. ( een huen. 

by order of the governor 
general in council, 
(signed) w. SCOtt, 

persian interpreter to the commander 
in chief. 

for the manner of administering an oath to a moosul- 
man and hindoo, see pages 241 and 242. 

for fulanu, SfC. above, the persons' and places' name 
must be made use of. 

the military form of oath runs literally so. " i such 
a one, inhabitant village such a of, district such a of, pro- 
vince such a of, son such a one's, oath take do, that i ever 
my own colours (to) not abandon will, and march also will 
perform wherever to orders i may receive, whether the 
company's territories within be, or without, and my own 
officers of all the orders body and soul with i will obey, 
and every one circumstance in, myself (to) shall conduct as 
a good soldier and company's faithful servant (to) becomes, 
and such really being, if any trivial my own duty in failure 
i shall make, then i submission will make (to) the penalties 
which inserted have been the articles military in and me 
before read have been." 

before we proceed further in this volume, it is my wish 
fairly to try the learner's real progress in the syntax and 
etymology of the hindoostanee ; for without some share 



254 hindoostanee dialogues. 

of etymological acumen, and no small adroitness in the 
application of general principles in grammar to any one 
language, he never can become a great proficient in oriental 
tongues, that no excuse for ignorance may now remain, 
it seems just, before we proceed to the intended ordeal, 
that i should indulge the reader with the following 
digression. 

the derivation and composition of words in this lan- 
guage cannot well be very difficult to those who have 
studied the significant particles and words, from page 9 
to page 65 in the beginning of the guide ; i shall never- 
theless revert to the subject here, that as little as possible 
of this momentous portion of the hindoostanee may be 
omitted by me, or neglected by the diligent student, 
much will depend on the interchangeable letters being 
well recollected, with a facility of accounting for the 
suppression or addition of certain letters, either to pre- 
vent a disagreeable hiatus or monotonous repetition, of 
which instances in abundance have been produced, when 
treating of the orthoepigraphical hindee-roman alphabet 
in its proper place. 

the subjoined analysis is given rather as an imperfect 
specimen of what may be done, than as the faultless 
mode of what can be yet accomplished in hindoostanee 
grammar, lest the scholar prematurely and imprudently 
venture on grammatical disquisitions with his native 
teacher, i conceive it my duty to refer him to the technical 
terms in the subsequent pages, that he may not only ac- 
quire the words in question, but also learn to regulate 
his flights in hindoostanee philology among the natives, 
by the quantity, extent, and quality only of his verbal 
plumage in that popular tongue. 

let us now try the celebrated moral ode, by qoodrut, 



hindoostanee dialogues. 255 

in page 300 of the guide, which i shall here translate as 
literally as possible, and at the same time agreeably to the 
rules of construction, in order to instruct the reader 
effectually how to do so hisself, with any piece of writing 
in this dialect, that he may hereafter wish to attend to, 
as a student, translator, or oriental linguist, as such, 
however, should he aim at a very distinguished place, he 
will find it advisable to dip also occasionally in the sources 
theirselves, viz. the arabic, persian, and hinduwee tongues. 
is, the proximate demonstrative pronoun, yih, he, 
this, fyc in its singular 2d state or oblique, and governed 
by the postposition se, with, of, here meaning in ; turuh, 
manner, way, modus ; a feminine noun from the arabic, 
and like the latin word, or the hinduwee kur, dhub, 
duol, very useful in the composition of many pronominals 
or adverbials, kyoon-kur, kisturuh, quornodo, how, al- 
ready explained, is turuh se, therefore means, in this 
manner, thus, so ; turuh, though ending in uh, is very 
little subject to inflection in the singular, and belonging 
as it does to some nouns noticed in the table of declension, 
we may now venture to assert, that those of this class 
terminating in h, called ha^ hoottee, seldom or never 
admit of such a change in writing, as altogether to war- 
rant the pronunciation that is observed in speaking them ; 
for instance, is tureh se, seems too full, and is turih se, 
even is not just the thing required, though preferable to 
ture alone, kul, (or, according to the hindoos, kulh) 
yesterday is here an adverb, though with our own word 
likewise a noun, but unlike it, signifies to-morrow, also 
instrument, rest, huwus, ambition, desire, is an arabic 
word of the feminine gender, as is turgheeb, instigation, 
encouragement to evil; it here forms with dena 3 (and 
hona, to be, whence the auxiliary sign, was) a compound 



256 hindoostanee dialogues 



& 



verb, to instigate, in the imperfect of the indicative and 
feminine gender, detee thee, was giving, from the nomi- 
native huwus, being, as before observed, feminine, turg- 
heeb, is an arabic infinitive or verbal noun, and feminine, 
it comes from rughbut, desire, which forms raghib, de- 
sirous, murghoob, desirable, whence turgheeb, raising 
desire, temptation, like several of the arabic vocables 
already enumerated, moojh-e is the inflexion or second 
state of the personal pronoun muen, i, with its affixed 
postposition e, and in this state it greatly resembles the 
latin dative mihi, while moojh ko bears a similar relation 
to ad me, being the oblique of muen, with the postposi- 
tion ko, but used indiscriminately as a dative with moojh-e 
above, kya-hee is a sort of neuter pronoun of kuon quis, 
who, like quid, quod, what, with the energetic adjunct 
hee ; it is on the whole a curious, but very useful little 
vocable ; in the oblique it seems rather to have kahe, but 
this in general is so blended with, or lost in the inflexion 
kis, that it is not an easy task to discriminate the one 
from the other, kya-hee appears to be used as an inter- 
jection of praise, kya-hee moolk, what a charming coun- 
try ! the hee conferring an energy on the expression, that 
i have tried to preserve in, how very charming! and how 
truly grand ! for, in fact, we shall frequently be obliged 
to translate this word kya, by how, in many parts of our 
progress through the language, moolk e, a country, an 
arabic noun, with the persian genitive sign, i called iza- 
fut, attached to it, that here exactly corresponds with our 
of, but is made long for the sake of the verse, room, 
the name which the asiatics confer on greece, whence, 
sikundur roomee, aleocander the grecian, though they 
certainly extend it beyond the limits of that empire, 
kya-hee surzumeen e roos hue, the first, and the e of 



hindoostanee dialogues. 257 

the second, have been before explained : this is a persian 
feminine word, compounded of sur the head, surface, or 
here, probably, the whole ; and zumeen, land, ground, 
&c. sur, in composition, perhaps confers some kind of 
precedence or superiority on the compound ; whence i 
would consider zumeen, as the object of tillage, culture, 
&c. sur-zumeen, that of government or philosophy, as 
a kingdom, climate, &c. roos, the oriental name of 
russia, which though till lately little known in europe as 
a great empire, may have long held an elevated rank in 
the annals of asia ; for indeed the roos, roosee, must be 
the country or people we now call russia, &c. hue is the 
irregular auxiliary in the present tense of the indicative, 
and answering to the latin est, is, the infinitive of which, 
hona, in several respects greatly resembles esse, to be. 
gur, if, contracted from the persian conjunction ugur, 
and the most felicitous vindication of our if, gif, give, 
from gurdeedun, to revolve, pass, go, or give, grant, 
that, also confirmed by jo if, ja go, and goya as if, go, 
boogo, say, do speak, allow, grant, &c. mooyussur is 
an arabic word, much used to express attainable, pro- 
curable, &c. ; with hona, it forms the very useful verb, 
to be got, procured, had, found, &c. ho, the contracted 
aorist of hona, in the third person singular, and governed 
by gur ; the nominative of which must either be each of 
the countries taken separately, or a wish to get them, 
may be understood to ho, as a sort of optative mode : 
thus, — gur (yih arzoo) mooyussur ho, could this (wish) 
be accomplished ; and, what is equally probable, the sin- 
gular aorist is compatible enough with two nominatives 
considered separately, to, is a sort of expletive inde- 
clinable particle, but may be here rendered by then, well, 
truly, &c. kis, the inflexion of kuon or kya, what 9 



258 hindoostanee dialogues. 

governed by se, with, mentioned above, kya, what, 
has, like our word, various applications that use only can 
demonstrate, kya is se kya oos se akhir humara dil oodas 
hoguya, ivhat with this, and what with that, my spirits 
became dejected ; but for which, if we substitute koochh, 
partly, something, the meaning is considerably altered, 
muot kisee ko nuheen chhortee kya ghureeb kya oomde 
pur kis kis husrut se ye murte huen bu nisbut ghureebon 
kee, death spares no one, neither (and vjhether they be) 
the low (and or) nor the high, but with what (how 
much) anguish these die, compared with the poor, ush- 
rut, delight, pleasure, an arabic noun of frequent oc- 
currence in the hindoostanee, ueshushrut generally ex- 
pressing the luxury, dissipation, enjoyed by the rich, the 
idle, and the gay, while they freely gratify their several 
passions for wine, women, &c. keejiye is one of the irre- 
gularities of the active verb kurna, to do, which ought 
properly to be kuriye, or as a compound with jana, kee- 
jaiye, this form may be called its impersonal, potential, 
precative, or optative mode, and seems, in some respects, 
analogous to the latin subjunctive tenses in em and sem, 
which we express by might, could, would, should, &c. ; 
but it appears to agree with the third person only, and 
is, on the whole, one of those peculiarities of a language 
which experience alone can make the learner fully master 
of. we must recollect that this strange impersonal tense, 
(to which ap, ko.ee, or some other agent must be under- 
stood) in all regular verbs, is formed by adding iye to the 
root, or contracted infinitive: suk-iye, la-iye, rola-iye, ho-iye 
ja-iye, mar-iye, chul-iye, kuh-iye : the whole assume ga, 
with little or no alteration in their meaning ; whence kee- 
jiye, in the present quotation, might have been kee-jiyega, 
and furma-iyega, a-iyega, though this ga, like o, perhaps 



hindoostanee dialogues. 259 

at times confers a future signification, maniyo, ruhiyo. in 
addition to these remarks, it may be as well to subjoin one 
example, muen rah pur chulajata tha, uor ek a ek jee men 
aya ki (ap) ooske yuhan jaiye, i was going along the road, 
when suddenly it occurred to me that (myself) should go 
to his house, this last may also be rendered, ki muen ooske 
yuhan ja^on, which helps to prove the nature and extent of 
this irregular, impersonal, and subjunctive form, amidst 
dangers which admit of no delay, were a khulasee (clashy) 
or lushkuree (lascar) in a dark night to say, muen muoje 
ko nuzdeek phootte soontahoon, i hear the breakers not far 
off, a vessel might be on the rocks, merely because the officer 
did not understand the poor fellow's lingo, time enough to 
put about, and preserve the lives and ship under his charge 
from instant destruction, dead men tell no tales ; if they 
could, we would probably learn that many fatal accidents, 
by sea and land, originated in sheer ignorance of the 
popular speech of india, which is every day becoming 
more important to those connected with the british in- 
terests in that part of the empire, and ought to be con- 
sidered a sine qua non, without which no person should 
venture to that quarter of the world, in any capacity 
whatever, lest in the long run, he do his employers or 
self much more harm than good, from the want, in cri- 
tical cases, of an intelligible tongue, zindugee is a 
persian word, expressive of life, as a state or condition, 
connected with the means thereof; thus, zindugee-kurna, 
to live well, enjoy life, is very different in its application 
from zindugee-katna, to spend one^s days, the irregular 
persian verb zeestun, to live, gives zeest, life, mere ex- 
istence; the participle zindu, alive, living, assumes the 
gee, noted in page 166 of the guide, to form the noun 
in question, zindugee with the g, as the medial euphonic 

s 2 



260 hindoostanee dialogues. 

of zindu.ee, the regular form, cos, is the 2d state or 
oblique case of the remote demonstrative, wooh, he, that, 
&c. which must be governed by one or other of the post- 
positions, pur, men, &c. understood ; oos, in its remote 
capacity, applies to room, and stands contrasted with 
eedhur, is turuf, as applicable to roos. turuf, is an 
arabic feminine noun, (pi. utraf ) meaning a side, right 
or left, party, &c. whence turuf-dar, partial ; few voca- 
bles are of greater utility in the hindoostanee than this, 
which may be seen by referring to the adverbs of place, 
where, there, those ending in ward, and so on ; advert- 
ing, at the same time, to the reason just assigned for its 
pronominal component parts appearing inflected; kis- 
turuf, is-turuf, &c. supply ko, pur, men, se, &c. awaz-i, 
voice, sound, melody, a persian feminine noun, with the 
izafut i, standing in construction with the next word, tubl, 
a small drum, but which i have termed a lyre, in contra- 
distinction to the next instrument, and as more charac- 
teristic of greece. the word is arabic, and better known 
as tublu, which seems the persian mode of pronouncing 
and writing it, for they call the performer upon it, tublu- 
nuwaz : the diminutive tubluk is also in use among the 
poets, idhur (for the measure's sake, eedhur) isturuf, 
on this side, is an adverb of place, pronominally com- 
pounded with dhur, the imperative of dhur-na, to put, 
probably some old word like the saxon and our ther, in 
hither, idhur ; oodhur, thither, kidhur, whither, jidhur, 
whithersoever, tidhur, thither soever, which i have now 
exhibited in their quintuple pronominal, relative, and 
correlative relation to each other, and the pronouns yih, 
wooh, kya, jo, to. dhurtee, earth, almost indicates that 
terra, ter, ther, er, ere, are cognate particles with the 
dhur above, and or side, place, in yih or here, wooh or 



hindoostanee dialogues. 261 

there, suda-e, a persi-arabic noun feminine, which means 
sound, echo; the affixed e, is the izafut i, (under the 
form it acquires, when attached to words ending in a 
vowel) that here joins suda,ewith ko5s, the large kettle- 
drum, a word from the persian, which the learner should 
most carefully pronounce very long, that he may not 
confound it with koos ; an instrument of a very different 
nature, that cannot here be played on with impunity, by 
either a persian tootee parrot, or a hindoostanee muena 
starling, being, in fact, neither more nor less than the 
venerable mother of all men, often veiled under the sober 
name of the Scottish kirk, hue, having been noticed 
already, we come next to soonte-hee, the inflected present 
participle of the verb soonna, to hear, resembling the 
case called absolute in latin, and which signifies, on hear- 
ing, having heard, to which the hee gives the force of, 
the very moment she heard, ibrut, an arabic feminine, 
signifying terror, example, he. which i have personified 
also as a female, under the name of wisdom — 

we court fair wisdom, that celestial maid. — young. 
to preserve the consistency of the feminine verbs that 
follow, which would have had an uncouth appearance 
with ibrut, translated death, or the king of terrors, as it 
certainly might have been done, and perhaps with more 
propriety, ibrut ke waste, occurs very often for in ter- 
ror em, and i think may occasionally stand for conscience, 
virtue, religion, death, &c. as monitors to mankind ; for 
i do not yet know one good common word to express 
exactly what we mean by conscience, so little are the na- 
tives apparently acquainted with this monitory guard on 
their actions ; a retort, however, which they no doubt con- 
ceive may sometimes apply to ourselves ; and i begin to 
fear with too much reason, both at home and abroad. 



262 hindoostanee dialogues. 

yih, this, and though rendered thus in the translation, 
we need not enlarge on it now. bolee, is the preterite 
feminine from bolna, to speak, say, tell, agreeing with 
ibrut, as the subject, and englished by thus addressed 
me, that is, said what follows, yuk, yek, ek, the per- 
sian numeral one, representing our indefinite an, a, pre- 
ceding the noun tumasha, a sight, scene, sport, show, 
spectacle, from the per si an, whence tumashabeen, a spec- 
tator, idler, &c. muen, i, the first personal, and ap- 
plicable to the aorist, a little farther on. toojh-e, has the 
very same relation to too, tuen, that moojh-e, formerly 
explained, has to muen, and cannot therefore require any 
iarther illustration ; it is governed by the following active 
verb, chul, the imp. singular of chulna, to go, come, 
walk, &c. in the second person, expressed by too, thou, 
which is just at hand. dekha,oon, the present of the 
subjunctive, first person, (agreeing with the foregoing 
muen) from the causal verb dikhana, to show, from 
dekhna, to see, though this generally has dikhlana. jo, 
who, is the relative after its antecedent too, neither of 
which can possibly be difficult in the present sentence, 
since the nearest verb hue, takes the relative as its nomi- 
native, qued e, an arabic feminine vocable, with its 
izafut e, for i before the next vowel, to express captivity, 
bondage, bonds, prison ; whence quedee, a prisoner, 
qued-khanu, a prison-house ; it is now and then in use, 
with its original plural, thus, qued qoodood-kurna, to 
imprison, throw into gaol, az, a persian word for de- 
sire, passion, but little used, except in poetical composi- 
tion ; it has the adjective genitive or possessive sign ka 
after it, agreeing in gender and number with the mascu- 
line singular muhboos, an arabic participle, signifying 
imprisoned, a captive, &c. from hubs, imprisonment, 



hindoostanee dialogues. 263 

prison, and from this also hubs-khanu. hue, the sub- 
stantive verb art, to which jo is one nominative, and 
muhboos the other ; because the line could run thus, too 
chul jo hue muhboos, &c. come thou who art a prisoner. 
legu ( ee, the preterite feminine of lejana, to transport, 
carry, with its inherent pronoun she ; this verb is com- 
pounded of lena, to take, and jana, to go ; the conjuga- 
tion of which last it very naturally follows, these com- 
pound verbs in poetry, as well as in conversation, have 
their component parts sometimes transposed and disjoined, 
and might puzzle the learner where he is not put on his 
guard as to this circumstance, in such cases as, in suoda 
le deedu.i tur jidhur gu,e hum 
dubre jo the khooshk bhurgu^ hum. 
in plain prose, jidhur hum legu,e, &c. 
wherever i carried these gushing eyes of mine, i filled the 
puddles, that were drying up, with my tears, yek bargee, 
instantly, a persian adverb, resembling our at once, all at 
once, being composed of the numeral yek and bar, a time, 
turn, with its affixed particle gee, mentioned in pages 
166 and 171 of the guide, theg here also becoming the 
interfix, as r, though a snarling consonant, is often lost 
and treated as a, even in bard, converted to bawd, when 
John bull dog is not currish enough for the r in V amour, 
&c. gor e is the persian for a grave, and of the feminine 
gender ; the e connects it with the following word, gor e 
ghureeban ; which last seems applied much in the way as 
we do poor to a deceased friend, only in a more extended 
sense, and generally to the dead ; expressed here by the 
humble, loivly, poor, ghureeban being the persian plural 
of ghureeb, an arabic word that means a traveller, 
stranger; but in india it is mostly applied to express harm- 
less, inoffensive, quiet, humble 9 meek, poor, wretched ; 



264 hindoostanee dialogues. 

thence ghureeb-purwur-nuwaz, kind to the poor, cherish- 
ing strangers, and on the contrary, ghureeb-mar, op- 
pressing or oppression of the poor, ujeeb ghureeb, and 
their plurals ujajb-ghura^ib, apply to any thing wonder- 
ful, rare, strange, rarities, &c. ghoorbut, is the noun, 
and signifies humility, meekness, indigence, like the ab- 
stract ghureebee. gor-istan, is a burial place, gor-kun, 
a grave-digger, kee-turuf, (ko) fo-wards : this has been 
in a great measure pointed out above under turuf, and 
as it is a feminine noun, the reader will recollect why kee 
is in that gender also when thus translated to side of. jis, 
the second state or inflexion of the relative jo, which, 
with a postposition understood to it, and juguh, stead, 
place, a word that, like turuf, turuh, and some more, is 
very useful in the composition of adverbs, and on the 
same principles, jan-e, is a persian word, and generally 
feminine ; it means life, soul, beloved, and i have here 
expressed it by a restless spirit^ as the best calculated for 
the subject, since the author means to say, that a life 
spent in ambitious pursuits, is every way frustrated in the 
grave, tumunna, a feminine arabic noun, for avarice, 
covetousness, whence mootum unnee, covetous, suo, a 
hundred, but used here with turuh, to express everyway, 
many ways, the numerals often occurring indefinitely and 
hyperbolically. mayoos, an arabic participle, signifying 
disappointed, from yas, despair, disappointment, which 
may also be rendered mayoosee. hue, is, to which jan 
is the nominative, and mayoos its participial adjective, 
murquden, is the hindoostanee first state or nominative 
plural of a feminine arabic noun of place, murqud, a 
tomb, monument, a place of rest, from ruqd, rest, not 
used in this language, do teen, numerals, expressing 
two, three, a few ; with which murquden stands in con- 



hindoostanee dialogues. %65 



&■ 



cord plurally ; but from the want of a postposition not in 
the oblique, though governed by the following active 
verb in the preterperfect participle, dikhlakur, having 
shown, after showing, when she had shown, from dikh- 
lana, noticed already under dekha,oon : no part of the 
verb seems so useful as this participle, which, like the 
other soonte above, resembles the absolute case, and pro- 
duces, in many instances, a conciseness and force that we 
cannot always imitate ; besides elegantly suspending the 
meaning, through several members of a period, till it is 
finally closed by some other tense, lugee, the feminine 
perfect of lugna, to begin, commence, get, have recourse 
to, fall, set about, feel, hit, &c. which has its inherent 
pronoun, lugee, she began, kuhne, the inflected infini- 
tive kuhna, to say, tell, governed by lugee, or the post- 
position ko, understood, as we sometimes hear, rone ko 
luga, he began to cry, or fell a-crying ; though rone luga 
be more common, as all the infinitives here can more 
easily dispense with ko, in that mode, than ours can with 
to ; but this may be partly owing to ko being synony- 
mous with for, and na with to. lugee kuhne, is pro- 
bably an idiomatical expression, peculiar to the oriental 
tongues; whence we may account for the scriptural phrase, 
" and the lord spake unto moses, saying," i. e. the lord 
began to say. moojhe, me, to me, governed by kuhne, in 
the dative, which has been treated at large in the foregoing 
pages, yih, this, agreeing with the verb hue, is, and 
sikundur a proper name, yih dara hue, exactly as the 
last member, but, for the sake of variety, i have trans- 
lated it here lies darius, i. e. codomanus, who was con- 
quered by alexander. yih kueka,oos hue, kueka ( oos being 
cyrus or another darius, the son of hystaspes, i have 
changed this part of the sentence also, thus, " and there 



%66 hindoostanee dialogues. 

the mighty rnede." as objects of analysis, they both cor- 
respond with yih sikundur hue. from the obscurity and 
confusion that have now shrouded the names of those 
once illustrious kings, it is very difficult indeed to discri- 
minate one potentate from another, whence we shall find, 
that this same kueka.oos is called also nimrod, and pha- 
raoh, in other works ; but whether with more propriety, 
than by the names above, i cannot determine ; a circum- 
stance, however, that so far coincides with the moral of 
the text, and the words of the wisest of men, " vanity of 
vanities, all is vanity and vexation of spirit.'" whether 
we apply the sentiment to the mansions of the living or 
the dead, as suoda has done to the latter, in the stanza, 
page 278 of the guide, which i have paraphrased thus : 
" with reason's eye here take a glance, 
u through time and space's vast expanse, 

" nor blink it with a tear ; 
" at one by caesar's palace doors, 
" who knocking there, incessant roars, 
" is any body here ?" 
poochh, is the imp. singular of poochhna, to ask, en- 
quire ; to, well, then, the expletive, similar perhaps to 
the persian bi or boo in boopoors and our do ask. in se, 
the plural 2d state or oblique of yih, this, with its go- 
verning postposition se, from, of. ki, is a troublesome 
equivocal particle, that is at one time a conjunction like 
ut, at another it becomes a relative pronoun like qui, 
and, as in this place, it often appears almost to be a mere 
expletive to us, or a verbal point for comma , ; : i ima- 
gine that it is intended to fill up the vacuity left, when 
the speaker pauses more or less at the words he is about 
putting into another person's mouth ; whence it is called 
the (kaf buyaniyu) explanatory ki, and may be englished 



hindoostanee dialogues. 267 

by that, or whether, thus, he. according to circumstances, 
as in the following examples. ja,o malee se kuh do ki 
wuqt bone ka apuhooncha, go tell the gardener that the 
season for sowing is set in : poochho to oos se ki too ne 
ubt ig beej kyoon nuheen boya uor poochho to ki beej aj 
bo.ega ki nuheen, also ask him why he has not yet sown 
the seeds, and enquire whether he will sow the seeds to- 
day or not. jah, a persian noun ; it means grandeur, 
pomp, dignity, and is much joined with other similar 
words, jah o julal, pomp and splendour ; jah o hushmut, 
grandeur and state ; aleejah, of exalted dignity ; sahib 
jah, prceditus dignitate ; sahib muknut, prceditus po- 
testate ; sikundurjah, high as aleosander the great, o, 
wu, is the conjunction et, and ; it occurs two times in 
these lines as a copulative of similar words, but requires 
no farther elucidation here, muknut i, an arabic word, 
power, potency, puissance, &c. see jah, above, dooniya, 
arabic, the world, universe ; it is feminine, and conse- 
quently indeclinable, as this will account for its not 
being inflected, though ending in a, by the postposition 
se that immediately follows it. this word, signifying low, 
down, is of the most frequent occurrence in hindoostanee, 
with the same signification nearly that world has in our 
language, and its various derivatives preserve similar 
affinity, dooniyawee, worldly ; dooniya-dar, dooniya-pu- 
rust, a layman, worldly, wedded to the world ; dcon-him- 
mut, low ambition, se, of, from, it may be understood 
to all the three singular aptotes preceding it, as the 
moralist wishes to inculcate, that not even the shadow of 
glory, nor a single vestige of all these heroes' wealth re- 
mained, except the bitter reflection, that their former 
power and riches were now no more, or that these were 
not applied to nobler purposes, aj, hodie, jam, nunc, 



268 hindoostanee dialogues. 

to-day, at present, composed of a andj, the initials of 
a-na, to come, ja-na, to go, aj being that point of time 
which comes and goes between yesterday and to-morrow, 
aj rat, and aj kee rat, to-night, are by the hindoos used 
like our word, meaning this night ; while the moosul- 
mans generally understand by these very words last 
night, and express to-night, this night, by rat ko, i. e. 
at night, indefinitely, vide page 208, &c. of the guide. 
koochh, a pronoun like quodquam, which has apparently 
the same relation to ko,ee, qui, quisquam, that kya bears 
to kuon, quis; it means any, some, &c; there are many 
compounds from it and ko,ee, that greatly resemble those 
formed from quis, qui, in latin, bhee, is a sort of con- 
junctive syllabical adjection, which means also, even, 
very common in the hindoostanee, and derived from b, 
the sign of two, and of course consequential, from its 
etymology alone ; but at times, perhaps, it may seem to 
us a superfluous, though convenient expletive, like to, 
hee. con, is the oblique or second state plural of wooh, 
that, governed by the compound postposition ke sath, 
with, along with, ghuer uz, a persian preposition, pre- 
ceding the aptotes, husrut and ufsoos, which literally 
signifies other than, besides, except, save, &c; it often 
as a compound requires ke, v. page 67 of the guide. 
husrut, sorrow, regret, anguish, an arabic noun, and 
agreeing in most respects with the persian word ufsoos, 
repentance, &c. which in some places may be met with 
as an interjection, hue, the singular auxiliary est, to 
which koochh is the nominative, and oonke sath the 
governed case, like the latin, apud illos quidnam sit, 
cum illis quodquam est, or perhaps illis quicquid sit. 
and with this hue closes our analysis, which has been 
considerably amplified, not only to give the scholar an 



hindoostanee dialogues. 269 



iD' 



opportunity of seeing how fully this can be done, with 
any portion of the language he may yet analyze hisself, 
but also to allow of the insertion of several useful parti- 
culars, that were not before sufficiently discussed, hue 
above is not hyoo of the english tuesday, tyoozday, but 
the Scottish tuezday ! which contains my ue exactly, in 
the orthoepigraphy of my system. 

the prosaic exercise, mentioned in page 241 of the 
guide, applied to the poem in page 279, will form as 
good a theme as any for our etymological essay ; the 
reader will therefore commence, and go regularly through 
the whole, before he attempts to compare it with my 
efforts below, which have been confined, as his must be, 
rather to a deduction of derivatives and compounds, than 
to a regular grammatical analysis of the poem, as we 
have already had enough of mere construction, in the 
foregoing pages of this work. 

juwan-ee, youth, from juwan, young, juvenis, giova- 
nee, yeong, jong, long, in several tongues ; ke 's, jub 
tuk while, ueyam, season, days } the plural of yuom, a 
day ; huen, are ; buhar hue, spring is ; peer-ee, old- 
age ; jo, when ; phir to, then indeed ; a,ee, the fem. of 
aya, came, hath come ; ashkar hue, evident is ; khizan, 
seems a participial word, to express falling, fall, viz. 
autumn; ugur, gur, if, probably from gurdeedun, to 
revolve, pass, and, as formerly suggested, may be formed 
as our if is from give, gif, according to the ingenious 
reasoning of home tooke in his philological works, which 
deserve the serious attention of every scholar ; hosh-yar, 
attentive, from hosh, senses, and yar, for which mund 
is also used, and ee may be added to both, hosh-yar-ee, 
mind-ful-ness ; gosh, ear, whence gosh-u, a corner, khur- 
gosh, a hare, ass-eared, gosh-goozar, whispering, and 



270 hindoostanee dialogues. 



»' 



many others; gosh-bu-gosh, cheek-by-jowl; goshi-jan, 
the ear of the soul, savours too much of materialism for 
our ears, though we do not scruple to talk of the mind's 
eye, perhaps from this organ being deemed the spy-glass 
or mirror of the soul, whence she looks abroad, or may 
be reflected with more animation than by any other me- 
dium ; for one significant glance of the eye will often ex- 
press unutterable things, and shed light on a counte- 
nance, in other respects, of a dreary complexion ; pund, 
counsel, whence pund-namu, ethics, ghuflut, inatten- 
tion, an arabic word of the form zurbut, whence ghafil 
(zarib), inattentive, tughafool (tuzaroob), affecting in- 
difference, and any others with which the reader may 
meet in his studies, having the radical letters gh, f, and 
1, such as ghuffal, ghufeel, mootughafil, &c. ; yih wuqt, 
this time, in 1st state or the nominative, instead of is 
wuqt ko, the accusative of the verb jan, consider ; uoqat, 
times, life, is the arabic plural of wuqt, like those in 
page 197 of the guide, and wulud, offspring, uolad, 
race, with many more of this form ; ghuneemut (zuree- 
but), plunder, gain, blessing, from ghuneem (zureeb), 
enemy, foe ; ikhtiyar (iztirab) choice, power, from the 
root khar (zurb), he was well, whence khuer (zurib), 
well, khueriyut (zureebut), welfare, and mookhtar 4 (mooz- 
turub), free, absolute, &c; this being one of the tuu- 
leelat, stated in the guide, page 192, is given here rather 
as an imperfect key to the rest, than an accurate account 
of it even, and the same difficulty will occur wherever a ee 
oo w uo y are met with, as in the root khar above, these 
letters are denominated hurfi illut, whence tuuleel, infirm, 
unstable, diseased ; illut, meaning infirmity, and natu- 
rally enough applied to those capricious vowels just enu- 
merated, a consonant, on the other hand, is termed hurfi 



hindoostanee dialogues. 271 

suheeh, sound ', firm, correct, from sihhut^ health, fyc. 
moo,e soofued, the inverted form requiring the izafut e, 
which soofued moo, white hair, would not ; moo-miyan, 
hair or slender-waisted, mooshigaf-ee, hair, splitter, 
-ing, may yet appear, also soofued-u, white lead, hair 
powder, and soofued-ee, whiteness, &c. ; puegham, mes- 
sage, pueghum-bur, messenger, prophet ; hosukega, the 
third person singular masculine of the compound verb 
ho-sukna, to be able to be, to can be, in which there can 
now be little intricacy to the reader ; yar-ee, friend-ship, 
in the vocative, ue, o ! being understood, yaran, friends, 
in common use for my lads ! &c. ; yawur-ee, likewise 
means friend-ship, help-er, aid, &c. ; tumeez (tuzreeb), 
discrimination, distinction, from maz, he separated, 
whence imtiyaz (iztirab), respect, and moomtaz (mooz- 
turub), distinguished, illustrious ; mootumueyiz (mootu- 
zurrib) sagacious, discerning ; another of the tuuleelat, 
discussed in the last page, to aid the student mechani- 
cally through such forms, as they cannot be properly ex- 
plained within the compass of a hindoostanee grammar ; 
fiirq (zurb), difference, firaq (zirab), separation, absence, 
moofaruqut (moozarubut), distance, &c; tufreeq (tuz- 
reeb), discrimination; tufarooq (tuzaroob), difference, 
mootufurruq (mootuzurrub), different; siyuh, siyah, black, 
dark, siyah-ee, blackness, ink; gurd-ish, turning, revo- 
lution ; gird, gurd, gurdee, gurdan, all denote something 
round, rotary, like gurd, dust, gurdun, the neck, gird-ab, 
a whirlpool, or water, gird-bad, a whirlwind, surgur- 
dan, a vertigo, shub-gurd, a night-watch or patrol; 
luel o nuhar, night and day, arabic words often intro- 
duced in hindoostanee poetry; ek-san, uniform; umul 
(zurb), act, amil (zarib), actor, muumool (muzroob), 
habit, moo^mulut (moozarubut), transaction, the plura] 



272 hindoostanee dialogues. 

moo,amulat, is used, though in the singular; this, and 
many others in this form, drop the final t entirely, whence 
moo,amulu, &c.; ilm (z-irb), knowledge, alim (zarib), 
knowing, muuloom (muzroob), known, uleem (zureeb), 
omniscient, tuuleem (tuzreeb), teaching, mooullim (moo- 
zurrib), teacher, moo.ullum (moozurrub), taught, mootu,ul- 
lim (mootuzurrib), a pupil, tuhseel (tuzreeb), acquisi- 
tion, from hoosool (zooroob), gain, hasil (zarib), advan- 
tage, muhsool (muzroob), collection, tax, moohussil 
(moozurrib), collector, dunner; admee, properly adum-ee, 
a man, from ad-um, first man, adam ; murdee adu- 
mee, a gentleman, is in great use among the hindoo- 
stanees, though the derivation be a little obscure, murdee 
being rather manhood than manly, murde is emphatic 
for a or the man, which with admee person, may imply 
a person who is a man, not a brute, consequently a 
humane or gentle-man ; isee, is the definitive yihee, this 
very, inflected; wuqar (zurab), honour, from wuqr (zurb), 
the root also meaning weight, dignity, &c. whence tuo- 
qeer (tuzreeb), honouring, moowuqqur (moozurrub), 
honoured, and tuwuqqoor (tuzurroob), &c. should they 
appear ; alum, world, universe, state, condition, whence 
alum-geer, epidemic, also a conqueror; pueda, created, 
made, and pueda-k. to create, pueda.ish, creation, pro- 
duce, &c; kumal (zurab), perfection, kamil (zarib), 
perfect, ukmul (uzrub), very perfect; chahe, the 2d 
person singular of aorist or subjunctive of chahna, to 
choose, which comes nearer our verb than the reader 
suspects, unless he recollects that h and s are sometimes 
interchangeable, ho be, is often the auxiliary sign, which 
the aorist can take as well as the indicative ; though here 
it will be as well to translate the words thus : ugur too 
chahe if thou choose, uzeez ho be estimable, as the 



hindoostanee exercises. 273 

construction will become more easy and evident to every 
learner; uzeez (zureeb), dear, esteemed, friend, from 
izzut (zirbut), honour, iuzaz (izrab), honouring, moo- 
,uzzuz (moozurrub), honoured, honourable ; uor in this 
place implies, i think, for, because, since ; chushm, eye, 
chushm-u, fountain, chushm-uk, spectacles ; khulajq 
(zura,ib), plural of khulq (zurb), created being, &c. kha- 
liq (zarib), creator, mukhlooq (muzroob), creature, 
plural, mukhlooqat; whence mukhlooqat ool urz, the 
creatures of the earth, khwar-ee, despicable-ness, &c. 
perhaps connected with khar, a thorn ; namurd-ee, un- 
manly (people) cowardice; keene, the 2d state or infl. 
of keenu, spite, whence keenu-kush-wur-ee, spite-ful- 
ness, shootoor-keenu, rancorous, having the spite of a 
camel, which generally bites the piece out ; zooban, zu- 
ban, tongue, speech, language; zooban-ee, verbal; zco- 
ban-duraz, long or foul-tongued, abusive ; toohmut (zoor- 
but), calumny, ittiham (iztirab), slandering, moottuhim 
(moozturib), slanderous; ghat-ee, wily, from ghat, a 
snare, ambush; a very different word from ghat, a narrow 
pass or defile, which, by a bad military linguist, might be 
mistaken for each other, and thereby occasion, in critical 
situations, a great deal of mischief to our arms; na-bu-kar, 
not for use, worthless, good for nothing, or aught, whence 
of course naughty, also expressed by nukaru, nikumma, 
koochh kam ka nuheeri, useless, waste, (paper, &c.) ; 
nek-namee, good-name, reputation; husud (zurub), envy, 
hasid, envious, muhsood, envied; dum, breath, dumu, 
asthma, bellows, dumbund, dumbukhood, speechless ; 
dum is much used in composition for moment, &c. dumi 
murg, at the point of death, dum bu dum, constantly, 
dum-baz, puff-er ; qutl has been explained in page 192 
of the guide ; mooqatulut (moozarubut), carnage, is like- 

T 



274 hindoostanee exercises. 

wise in use. nuosheerwan, &c. the names of a king, as 
a generous man, and a hero renowned in persian history, 
the etymology may be bold as a young tiger ', or having 
the fresh milk of human nature in his breast, from sher 
tiger, sheer milk, which forms sheereen sweet as milk, 
bland, mild, gentle, &c. ; ta hum, or tuobhee, never- 
theless, still ; nami neko, good name, the o is redundant; 
yad-gar, memorial, assisting the memory; udl (zurb), 
udalut (zurabut), justice, adil (zarib), just, iutidal (izti- 
rab), moderation, moo,utudil (moozturib), moderate; suk- 
hawut (zurabut), generosity, sukhee, (zureeb), generous, 
but one of the most difficult tuuleelat, not easily explained 
here; shuja,ut (zurabut), courage, shoojau (zoorab), brave; 
bina (z-irb), foundation, banee (zarib), founder, another 
of the tuuleelat ; juhan, the world; pa,e-dar, stable, horn. 
pa ( e the foot, and dar, holder ; be-qurar, restless, qurar 
(zurab), rest, stability; iqrar (izrab), promise ; mooqur- 
rur(moozurrub,) certain, tuqurroor (tuzurroob), certainty; 
tuqreer (tuzreeb), declaration, mooqir (moozrib), decla- 
ring, affirming; hoosn (zoorb), beauty, husun, (zurub), 
huseen, (zureeb), beautiful, uhsun (uzrub), more or very 
beautiful; tuhseen (tuzreeb), praising, beautifying, me- 
lioration ; whence tuhseeni tulufFooz, the euphony of 
speech, and the scripture phrase hosannah, husuna, with 
praise ; arizee, fleeting, from urz, representation, &c. ; 
muurooz (muzroob), represented ; ariz, accident, &c. ; 
muhw, muhv, muho, absorbed in; jumal, (zurab), beauty, 
jumeel (zureeb), beautiful; tujummool (tuzurroob), lustre; 
zuwal, decay, be zuwal, inviolate ; mue, wine, mue fu- 
rosh, a wine merchant, ghooroor (zcxDroob), pride, mugh- 
roor (muzroob), proud; bud-must, intoxicated; zur-must, 
purse-proud, laghur-must, having, what we call, stinking 
pride, without one penny to support it, and almost as 



hindoostanee exercises. 275 

offensive as the former; as must means drunk, lascivious, 
proud, &c. ; hoojiyo is the future or precative of hojana, 
to become, resembling those noted in page 258; khoomar 
(zcorab), crop -sickness, from khumr (zurb) leaven, fer- 
ment, khumeer (zureeb), fermenting ; mukhmoor (muz- 
roob), drunk, and some others not much used ; jooz, ex- 
cept, but, a sheet of paper, whence probably jooz wee, a 
little, few, and joozrus-ee, penetrating, parsimonious, 
attentive to minutice ; durd i sur, head-ach, pain of 
head, dil, heart, mind, breast, &c., whence dil-dar, a 
beloved object, and a vast quantity of other such com- 
pounds ; a,eene, inflected by kee from a,eenu, a mirror ; 
numut, manner, used here as a fem. postposition ; ghoo- 
bar, dust, gloom, ghoobar-aloodu, dusty, dismal, dreary ; 
jis ko, jo, or juon, who, in what is called the dative sin- 
gular; kudoorut, impurity ; kisee se, with, the ablative 
of ko,ee, this may be termed any person. 

the scholar has, no doubt, by this time acquired a tole- 
rable notion of arabic roots and their derivatives, (guide, 
188) which will help him forwards with all the rest, whether 
he may yet study the arabic regularly or not, since, as a mi- 
litary officer merely, he never may find it so very essential 
as the persian and turkish must prove to those in civil and 
diplomatic situations in asia. i hope the learner can give 
an english version of hadley's hindoostanee story from the 
arabic, which was introduced in the guide (p. 26%) merely 
to be contrasted with his jargonic farrago, under that title, 
at leisure, if the reader still preserves patience enough to 
look at so curious a production, ungrammatical and 
absurd in the extreme, but one that continues, somehow 
or other, to be palmed on unexperienced youths annu- 
ally, to a considerable amount, by men interested in 
keeping up the deception as long as possible, the only 

t2 



876 hindoostanee exercises. 

tolerable part of hadley's grammar of jargon, as he calls 
it, having been purloined from my labours, i have a 
better right than any man to speak out, and on every occa- 
sion to expose the imposition to public notice, which will, 
i trust, at last prove effectual, and henceforth consign 
such a preposterous performance to its proper office 
alone, vendentem thus et odores. 

though the materials of the present volume or its pre- 
cursors, the story-teller and guide, be not perhaps ar- 
ranged in the best possible manner, i believe they will 
be found so full and distinct, that any man, with adequate 
talents for such an office, may form from the whole a 
very complete course of practical lectures on the hindoo- 
stanee language, if every word, with its various meanings, 
in the aforesaid works, be diligently collected, and formed 
into a regular vocabulary, to be reversed also at leisure, 
the learner will thus be in possession of a most useful 
collection at his first outset, without the disgusting drudg- 
ery of conning the whole by heart ; and as learning the 
languages of the east, on the principle of significant 
moveable particles, will be attended with the best effects, 
the practice cannot be too frequently inculcated. 

a list of technical terms, much used in oriental 
philology. 

when consulting and applying these words promiscu- 
ously, the reader should always recollect, that the ideas 
of occidental and oriental philologers are very far from 
coinciding on matters of grammar, and the application 
of its technical terms, by this he will be sufficiently 
prepared to make due allowances on many occasions for 
seeming inconsistencies, which will vanish as he farther 
advances in the pursuit of eastern literature. 



technical terms. 277 

as an adequate progress therein is indeed the only 
touchstone and grand reconciler of apparent contradic- 
tions, that must in every attempt present themselves to a 
novice in researches of this nature, he should, in the out- 
set at least, preserve some consideration for, and patience 
with, the labours of those who thus endeavour to in- 
struct him. were beginners to reflect on their own rela- 
tive situation with authors, and the natives of india, who 
cannot, of course, explain difficulties incident to science 
satisfactorily, they would seldom require a caution of 
this sort, as they would abstain from condemning, until 
both parties had equally the means requisite for such 
abstruse communications with each other, some gram- 
matical terms have been omitted, as wholly inapplicable to 
the hindoostanee, however useful they may prove in the 
arabic language, where logic and grammar seem more 
intermixed than in most other tongues : it must likewise 
be understood that the technicals here are almost exclu- 
sively restricted to the usage of moosulman philology, 
as the hindoos, on their side, have recourse, when un- 
avoidable, to the sunskrit. 
abbreviated, mookhtusur. -Hon, ikhtisar. 
abstract, khoolasu, intikhab, -idea, urz. 
accidence, surf, amud-namu. 
accusative and dative, mufoo], v. case, participle, 
adjective, sifut, nu,ut, (-with a noun) sifut- muosoof, 

nu,ut-munqot. 
addition, izdiyad. 
adventitious, arizee, za,id. 
adverb, hurf, zurf, tumeez. (of time) zurfi zuman. (of 

place) zurfi mukan. 
affirmation, isbat, eejab. 
affirmative, moosbit, moojibu. 



278 technical terms. 

allegory, &c. raujaz, -ee, -un. 

allusion, kinayu. 

alphabet, ulif-be, hooroofi-tuhjee, tuhujjee or tuhujjoo, or 

-mooquttu,ut. 
anagram, tuhreef. 
analogy, qureenu. 
analysis, tufreeq, tufseel, tushreeh. 
anastrophe, moonqulub. 
antecedent, murju ( u, moozmur.X 
aorist, moozaru, ghabir, shurtiyu. 
article, hurf, ism. 
augmentative, muzeed. 
auxiliary, rabit, pi. ruwabit, v. to construe, 
before, prepositive, ma-qubl. 
behind, postpositive, ma-bu,ud. 
case, halut, i. e. state, condition, 
causal, or efficient verb, mootu.uddee bil-ghuer, mootu.ud- 

dee bu-do mufool. 
cause, subub, wujuh, illut. 
concealed, moozmir, mukhfee. 
concrete noun, sifuti mooshubbu. ^ 
condition, shurt. (-al) shurtiyu. (adv.) hurfi shurt. 
conjugate, to, gurdanna, tusreef-kurna. 
conjugation, bab, gurdan, tusreef. 
conjunction, utf, hurfi turdeed, hurfi juza, temporal- 

rabiti zumanee, conjoined, muutoof. 
common, mooshturik. 
compound, moorukkub. 
commencement, ibtida. 

connect-ed, mootuwussil, mootu.ulliq, moolhuq. (-ion) ittisal. 
consequence, juza. 
consonant, hurfi suheeh. 
constituent, or radical part, juohuri-kulimu. 



technical terms. 279 

construe to, rubt-d. (-d.) murboot. (-Hon) rubt. 
context, tenor, #c. subaq-siyaq, turzi-kulam, fuhwa ( e- 

kulam. 
copula, rabit, pi. ruwabit, applied to substantive verbs. 
declin-able, mootusurrif. (-sion) bab, tusreef. 
define, to, tu,ureef-k. sifut-k. 
definit-e, mu ( urifu. (-ion) tu,ureef. hudd. 
degree, seeghu. (comp.) seeghu.e-tufzeel. (sup.) moobalighu. 
demonstrative pronoun, ismi isharu. 
derivation, ishtiqaq, wujuh tusmiyu. 
diacritical points, i.urab, hurkat, matra. 
diminutive, (word) hurfi tusgheer. 
distich, buet, furd, doha. 
double letter, mooshuddud, idgham, tushdeed. 
doubt, ibham. (-ful) moobhum. 
dual, tusniyu, moosunnu. 
effect, moosubbub, malool. 
efficient, kargur, moo,ussir. 
elision, huzf, muhzoof. 
emphasis, zurb, emphatic, takeedee. 
etymology, wujuh-tusmiyu, (in grammar) surf. 
euphony, tuhseeni tuluffooz. 
example, nuzeer, musl. 
exception, shaz, istisna, moostusnu, 
explanatory, buyaniyu. 
expletive, tukiyu kulam, tumeez. 
explication, shuruh, tufseel, tufseer. 
expressed, mulfooz, muktoob. 
feminine, tanees, moo ( unnus. 
foot in verse, rookn, jooz. 
future, istuqbal, moostuqbil. 
gender, seeghu. 
genitive, halut-i-izafut, moozaf-o-moozafileh. 



280 technical terms. 

in hindoostanee, every noun to which the genitive 
signs, ka, ke, kee ; ra, re, ree ; na, ne, nee, are affixed, 
is termed moozaf iluehi, and it may either precede or fol- 
low the moozaf or governing noun : in the persian, on 
the contrary, the moozaf, suri murd the head of a man, 
must always precede the moozaf iluehi. very little atten- 
tion to this remark will prevent the scholar's ever for- 
getting a matter which will otherwise often escape his 
memory, any word having been demonstrated by the 
isharu yih, the, this, is also termed moosharun iluehi, 
by the reciprocal effect which the orientalists denote by 
such words as fail, mufool, subject and object; sifut, 
muosoof, quality and qualified; izafut, moozaf, genitive 
and its concomitant ; utf, muutoof, conjunction and 
conjunctived ; nida, moonada, vocative and vocatived, &e. 
gerund, ism-musdur, ism-mufool. 
govern, to, uml-k, -ing, amil, -ed, mu.umool. 
grammar, surf-o-nuho, qa,idu, quwaneen,. &c. 
grammatical, murboot, v. regular, 
grant, (suppose) jano, furz kuro, (-ed) mufrooz. 
hyperbole, moobalughu, oot prechha, 
hypothesis, shurt, furz, utkul. 
idea, khiyal. 

ideal, furzee, khiyalee, urzee. 
idiom, moohawiru, roz-murru. 
illative, juza. 

imperative, umr, -of duration -moodamee. 
imperfect, (-tense) mazee istimraree, (as a noun) jamid, 

naqis. 
indeclinable, ghuer-mootusurrif. 
indefinite, nukiru, tunkeer. 
inexplicable, la-hul. 
inference, juza, hasil 



technical terms. 281 

infinitive, musdur. 

inflection, tusreef, tubdeel, (-ed) mootusurruf. 

innate, usl, juohuree, zatee. 

interjection, hurfi rnundood, hurfi nida. 

interrogative, (pronoun) hurf istifhamee. 

inverse, moonqulub. 

letter, hurf. pi. hooroof. 

masculine, tuzkeer, moozukkur. 

metre, qafiyu, nuzm. 

mood, seeghu. 

moveable, mootuhurrik, vowelised by u, \, oo. 

mutable, mootubuddil. 

negative, munfee, -particle, hurfi-nufee or -sulb. 

the oriental mode of terming a verb munfee, negative? 
because connected with nufee, a negative, has no advan- 
tage that i can perceive; on the contrary, it tends to 
make a distinction where there is no real difference, and 
thus introduces an endless string of negative conjugations, 
which are the mere affirmatives repeated before or after 
a negative particle; but the learner ought on these occa- 
sions and many others to recollect, that oriental and occiden- 
tal grammarians often see things in a very different point 
of view : he will never therefore wrangle or dispute with 
a moonshee on such themes, until he acquires an adequate 
command of language for those abstruse and difficult 
discussions. 

neuter verb, fiuli lazimee. 
nominative case, haluti-fa,il. 

noun, (subst.) ism-zat or jamid, (abstract-) ism-sifut, (of 
excess) ismi-moobalughu, (of place) ismi-zurf, (dimi- 
nutive) ismi-tusgheer, (of instrument) ismi-alu, (ap- 
pellative-) ismi-jins, ismi-ulum, (the governing) moozaf, 
(governed) moozafileh, (arbitrary) ismi-suma,ee. 



282 technical terms. 

number, seeghu, buchun. 

a numeral, ismi-udud. 

nunnation, tunween. 

omitted, muhzoof. 

origin, usl, maddu. 

orthoepy, tuluffooz, qira.ut, mukhruj. 

orthography, imla, rusm-khutt. 

parenthesis, j cpmlu-moo^iturizu . 

parsing, huqeequt-ulfaz. 

part of speech, kulimu, particle, hurf, rabit. 

participle past, mazee mu,utoofu, ismi mufool. 

participle, (present) ism fa,il, ism haliyu. 

no portion of the verb is more useful than this, nor 
less understood by us. if we suppose all such expressions 
elliptical, and supply what is wanting by hoo ( e kee halut 
men, of state in, the difficulty vanishes at once, and the 
state expressed by the inflected present participle of verbs, 
becomes perfectly evident without any relation to the 
gender or the number of the nominative, i heard him 
(in the state of a speaker or while) speaking, muen ne 
oose bolte (hoo,e kee halut men) soona hue. oos cheez 
ko muen ne girte (hoo,e kee halut men) dekha hue, i saw 
the thing falling, these expressions, however, must 
often prove ambiguous ; because we cannot positively say 
here, whether the speaker or the thing was falling; and 
others may certainly occur still more equivocal than this. 
perfect, mazee or mazee mootluq, (preter-), mazee 

qureeb, (plu-) mazee-bu,eed. 
person, (1st-) mootukullim, (2d-) mookhatub, hazir, (3d-) 

gha.ib. 
phrase, istillah, (a proverbial-) zurb col musl. 
plural, (number) jumu,u, buhoo-buchun. 
poem, ghuzul, rekhtu, musnuwee. 



technical terms. 283 

potential, imkanee. 

precative, tuuzeemee. 

predicate, ibtida, moobtudu. 

pre- or post-position, v. hurfi-mu.unuwee. 

present, hal, haliyu, v. participle, tense. 

pronoun, zumeer, v. relat. inter, and common. 

pronunciation, tuluffooz, mukhruj, oochar, lub-o-luhju, 

swur. 
preter-imp. subjunctive, maz.ee shurtiyu, mazee-mootu- 

shukkee. 
primitive, usl, moofrid. 
prose, nusr, prosody, qorooz. 
proximate and remote, qureeb o bueed. 
quiescent, sakin, muoqoof. 
radical, uslee, juohuree. 

regular, ba-qa,idu, ba-turteeb, v. ungrammaticaL 
relative, ismi-muosool, -noun, ismi-munsoob. 
repeated, mookurrur. 
rhyme, rudeef, qafiyu. 
rule, zabitu, qa,idu, qanoon. 
scanning, tuqtee.u. 
simile, tushbeeh, tumseel. 
simple, moofrid, -at, pi. 
sign, ulamut. 

singular, {number, q. v.) wahid, moofrid. 
spell-ing, imla, hije, tuhjee, burtunee, (to) huje-k. 
subject, v. predicate, khubur, v. nominative, 
subject, (theme) zumeen, muzmoon. 
substitution, tubdeel. 
superlative, moobalighu, v. degree, 
syllable, (1st-) fa-kulimu, 2d- uen- 3d- lam- and 4th- Iam- 

sanee-kulimu. 
synonymous, mooturadif. 
syntax, nuho, subd, v. grammar. 



284 technical terms. 

tense, zumanu, sumue. 

tetrastich, rooba.ee. 

verb, fi,ul, -act. or -trans, mootu.udde, -n. lazimee. 

verse, nuzm, blank- natuk, buhri- tuweel. 

voice, seeghu, -active, mu,uroof, -passive, mujhool. 

vowel, hurfi-illut, matra, the short vowels, or points, 

i ( urab, hurkut, {called) zubur, futuh ; zer, kusr ; pesh, 

zumm. 
vocative, haluti-nida, moonada, v. case, 
understood, mooquddur, moozmir, muhzoof. 
ungrammatical, na-murboot, khilaf, or be qa,idu. 
unlimited noun, zurf zumani ghuer muhdood. 
word of similitude, hurfi-tushbeeh. 



europe has now become the school for asiatic, as well 
as european languages ; but it is a matter of serious 
regret, that students there have always been deficient in 
the most essential requisite of the former languages, it 
is almost unnecessary to say, i mean pronunciation, this, 
every person will allow, cannot be acquired but by the 
following two methods : first, from the mouth of a well- 
informed native, or any person who has resided long 
enough in the country where the language required is 
current, to be able to speak it as well as any foreigner 
can ; and, secondly, it may be acquired from books in 
which the language is written in the character of the stu- 
dents native tongue, according to a method or system, 
which preserves the original sounds and combinations as 
nearly as possible, in india we have the first of these 
opportunities, and many, for whom this work is intended, 
possess both of these advantages in the prosecution of 
their studies. 

every rational man must lament the very little atten- 



english and hindoostanee corruptions. 285 

tion we have hitherto paid, even here, to this most neces- 
sary qualification in the acquirement of a living language. 
the chief, and perhaps the only reason that can be assigned 
for this apparent neglect, may be found in what follows, 
when we leave england, or on our arrival in india, books, 
composed by authors who knew little of the orthography, 
and still less of the orthoepy of eastern tongues, were put 
into our hands ; and it must be well known to all how 
difficult it is to shake off bad habits, especially when ac- 
quired at the early period of life, when most of us come 
to this country. 

in reading the asiatic languages in their respective 
characters, it is utterly impossible to acquire their true 
pronunciation, without the aid of an instructor perfectly 
acquainted with these languages, it therefore becomes 
necessary, for general information, to appropriate at first 
the characters we are best acquainted with, to that pur- 
pose, this was long a desideratum in the literary world; 
but we have great reason to rejoice, that it has been ac- 
complished in the perfect manner which this little work 
will now unfold. 

the flames of places in our maps and gazetteers would 
cut but a queer figure in any of the oriental characters ; 
and as it is, they look comical enough in their present garb 
even, from the total want of some general scheme for 
printing words in roman letters only : especially among 
ourselves, who can boast of an easy, expressive, and com- 
prehensive tongue, which has more claims than any other 
to pervade the world, as its current speech, from the 
rising to the setting of the sun, and from the north to 
the south pole, whatever obstacles may still lie in the 
way of a radically reformed orthography, applicable 
to english itself, there can be none to the selection of 
its most consistent principles and practice, as the solid 



286 english and hindoostanee corruptions. 

foundation for oriental orthoepigraphy becoming visible 
through the medium of well-known occidental symbols or 
types, familiar enough already to the leading nations of 
europe, and to the great commonwealth of america ; from 
the glorious example of which alone, let us devoutly 
hope, that the liberal arts and sciences will yet descend, 
to bless the whole earth with that rational liberty, ge- 
nuine piety, and virtue, which will ever unite in praying 
for peace and plenty to crown all the useful labours of 
mankind, with unlimited success in every community, age, 
and clime. 

it will frequently happen, that colloquial intercourse 
must embrace the names of places, rivers, and persons, 
common to europeans and asiatics, but so differently pro- 
nounced, as to prevent their knowing each other's words 
for the identical topics of discussion ; thus it might be 
long before any englishman could trace in moosa, his old 
acquaintance moses converted to a rat, mother eve to 
mama huwa, mistress air, and job, to uyoob or even 
sabir, patient, in like manner it must prove equally 
difficult for a hindoostanee to recognize his own divine 
appellation of bih-isht-ee to the saving angel, who % admi- 
nisters water to the thirsty under a vertical sun, com- 
monly called a water-bearer, when still farther degraded 
by honest John bull to a beasty ! ! — adam's wine on the 
scorching plains of india may be counted nectar indeed 
by the dying sipahee ; of whom it is often emphatically 
said, after receiving so fatal a wound that he instantly 
dies, golee is turuh lugee ki panee mangne nu paya, the 
ball hit him so that he had not time even to call for cold 
water, — that sovereign balm, or angelic restorer of mo- 
mentary comfort to life in every extremity. 

by consulting the general east india vade mecum a co- 
pious collection of words will be found, whence the learner 



english and hindoostanee corruptions. 287 



may see all those words which have been corrupted by 
both parties in hindoostan, who have been reciprocally 
engaged in this process for at least one century, to the 
great detriment of both english and hindoostanee. it will 
therefore be his interest to procure that work, as one of 
the most useful companions he can carry with him to 
british india, whence the following short specimen has been 
retained here as a peep at, and a caveat against, all the rest. 



a brief familiar string of english words, me 


tamorphosed 




by hindoostanee corruptions. 




a friend, 


furung. 


lace, 


lues. 


advocate, 


udbikut. 


lieutenant, 


luptun. 


as you were, 


uj-wur. 


lord, 


lat. ' 


assistant, 


usishtun. 


mark time, 


marten. 


attention, 


tel-chun. 


office, 


apiss. 


attorney, 


turnee. 


open pan, 


opunee-pun. 


backward, 


bhagwut, 
barik. 


order arms, 


urdul ram, 


barracks, 


parole, 


purwul. 


bayonet, 


bugnet. 


patrole, 


putrul. 


change step, 


chunjetap. 


pile arms, 


phuelarm. 


charge bayonet, churt bugnet. 


present arms, 


furjunt arm. 


command, 


kuman. 


rampart, 


ram pot. 


corporal, 


kupruel. 


ramrod, 


ramrut. 


court-martial, 


kotmasool. 


recover arms, 


rikab-ram. 


ensign, 


inshuen. 


report, 


ruput. 


fioo bayonet, 


pes bugnet. 
falwut. 


Serjeant, 


sarjun, sir-jan. 


forwards, 


shoulder arms, 


choldaram. 


grenadier, 


guran-deel. 


slow time, 


sulooten. 


ground firelock, gran-fueluk. 


stand at ease, 


tundel tis. 


gunner, 


gurneel. 


supernumerary 


, sookh-lumba. 


guard, 


garl. 


trail arms, 


tiler am. 


half-cock fire- 


ap-ka-fueluk. 


trooper, 


toork-suwar. 


lock, 




vice-president, 


ba,ees-pursee- 


halt, 


hal. 




dunt. 


indian file, 


elchin fuel. 


volunteer, 


balum-teer. 


invalid, 


ingleez. 


who comes there? hookum-dar ? 



the lists of english and hindoostanee corruptions, by the 
defaulters on both sides, at full length, preserved here and 



288 english and hindoostanee corruptions. 

in the vade mecum, are not for imitation always, but rather 
for abhorrence, on the same principle which induced the 
spartans to intoxicate their miserable helots, and shew them 
to their children in that beastly condition, as the expedient 
best calculated to inspire the young lacsedemonians with 
an early disgust at the brutal vice of inebriation, from the 
conviction of its being sounder policy thus to prevent than 
to cure diseases incident to any state, how far my scheme, 
on similar grounds, of holding up jargonist englishmen and 
hindostanees to the ridicule and compassion of my pupils 
will succeed in eradicating reciprocal corruptions, is a 
tale which shall be left in the hands of time to tell at 
leisure, when i am numbered with the dead, and beyond 
the reach of blame or praise for my persevering efforts 
ultimately to produce a radical reform of the gibberish 
so long affected by the baboons of india, and cherished 
by the surly old bull dogs of england, who bark at 
every one that finds fault with their own peculiar buo 
wuo, in the absurd conversion of a ( o come, to uo and, 
ja,o go, to juo barley; or the still stranger metamorphosis 
of sipahee soldier to a sea monster, neither a man nor a 
boy, but a seapoy ! ! ! it can hardly require above two or 
three years more for scores of my orthoepigraphical 
disciples and converts, in every province of hindoostan, 
to stamp the language of that immense region with the 
sterling impression of truth and consistency from our 
own english mint, without running either to italy or 
france for those roman dies, which we and the americans 
already in common possess, and in tolerable perfection, 
for every purpose of hindee-roman orthoepigraphy, as my 
hitherto ne plus ultra system has long since demonstrated, 
this conviction encourages me to hope, that my scholars 
will soon be numerous, intelligent, and also considerate 
enough to improve both the native and european jar- 
gonises lingo in british india, by discarding the cor- 
ruptions on either side, or, at least, such needless innova- 
tions as court for udalut, warrant for dustuk, sunud, &c. 
&c. which abound in the hindoostanee tongue, though 
somewhat defective in a comprehensive enough term for 
the venerable old lady, who the natives believe lives and 
moves, and has an honourable being, under the name of 
kumpanee, as rather a wine than a water drinking dame 
to John bull. 

appendix. 



appendix. 



when a man feels a deep-rooted conviction, during a 
period of forty years, that some notions, well concocted 
by him, upon any particular theme, are consistent with 
truth, reason, and eventual practicability, if fairly put to 
the test of experience, he should not, to please even a re- 
spectable majority of opponents, rashly be guilty of trea- 
son against his own matured judgment, because he pro- 
bably has bestowed infinitely greater pains on the subject 
than the very best informed have yet done on the other 
side of a question, which could not naturally interest 
them so warmly either in its support or rejection, nor 
furnish those arguments adducible for purposes that must 
have been quite familiar to the projector's mind, before a 
serious proposal could be repeatedly made to adopt a 
theory and practice which originated with him alone, 
after this candid declaration, nobody need be surprised 
at my pertinacity in still preferring reformed occidental 
symbols to oriental characters of any sort, for communi- 
cating orally all the languages of the east, not only most 
efficiently, but in the shortest possible time, for collo- 
quists at least, who can thus, in due season and place, 
easily become the most expert bookworms imaginable, 
whenever peculiar circumstances shall require them daily 
to decipher mystic writings, or peruse those hierogly- 
phical symbols which may prove generally current in that 
country, whose vernacular dialects are all at the tip of 
the students' tongues, on every occasion where literary 
intercourse with the natives is deemed a sine qua non. 
however strange craft or accident may have made any spe- 
cies of letters, the power of each must necessarily be con- 
veyed through others, whose sounds have been previously 



ii. appendix. 

known to the learner before he can accurately pronounce 
their new substitutes, either alone or as the component 
parts of words: for instance, in the greek grammar 

s S, e e, * kj & W, % M, $ Wj /x m, a a; all the let- 
ters of that alphabet might be thus contrasted with 
modifications of our own, as mere transcripts of each 
other, and the preceding, when combined, form, of 
course, the following sentence, 6?ry WDusraXkos, exli %?i/xa, 

hopw hrustallos ekw Muma, the whole of whose 

literal sounds and verbal import can in this way be made 
perfectly evident in both characters, the reader will 
clearly see this specimen given here, is merely on a small 
scale, an extension of the elementary principle, whence the 
scholar started at the very outset of his career ; and not 
one sound argument exists, in the real nature of the thing, 
against so rational a process, until the visibility and audi- 
bility of literal emblems shall become intuitive, or ap- 
pear consubstantiated by some contrivance, which might 
be termed an orthoepigraphemeter, or abecedareloge, for 
teaching hundreds of children simultaneously to learn 
the forms and powers of letters at their infant schools. 

in spite of such promising institutions, it must be con- 
fessed, that ancient art, with bewitching mystery in her 
venerable train, may still produce a thousand plausible 
pretences, hostile to all modern innovations, which are 
best calculated to prove that mere learning, however pro- 
found, is not always identified with useful knowledge ; 
and the non-appearance of greek, german, &c. in roman 
typography long ago, is entirely owing to the general 
prevalence of these prejudices, otherwise that or itahan 
grammagraphy would have been in the last century uni- 
versally adopted by every civilized state in europe, the 



appendix. iii. 

whole of which, before the end of the present age, will 
assuredly do so, unless prevented by those holy owls and 
royal eagles who have lately formed an alliance, which, 
(like some preceding combination of a similar kind, still 
glimmering through the ruins of babyl,) seems intended 
again to confound the godlike attributes and towering 
genius of man, in his attempts to level despotism with the 
dust, that none but good governments and just laws may 
spring from rational freedom. 

animated from the auspicious result of preceding 
labours in the field of eastern literature, and undismayed, 
either by vulgar clamour, or the existing prepossessions of 
my immediate and former disciples, for which no one can 
make greater allowances than myself, i now fearlessly 
enter upon a final amelioration of oriental orthoepigraphy, 
in the firm belief that this last attempt, being founded on 
the solid rocks of utility, consistency, and simplicity, 
will also triumph over any obstacles which dulness, malice, 
envy, apathy, or honest competition can yet throw in its 
forward course towards ultimate success, this may be ac- 
celerated or retarded by concomitant events, over which 
one solitary being, situated as i am, can have no other 
controul, but that invincible spell of an indefatigable 
spirit which few possess, and a presentiment that sooner 
or later my system will be justly appreciated according to 
its deserts, when perhaps the race of the old hindoostanee 
jargonists will, before or after myself, be wholly extinct 
and numbered with the dead, i could almost wish to be a 
survivor, of such contemporaries, rather from some latent 
aspirations, more akin to literary fame and ambition, than 
to any ardent desire, at this stage of my journey, for a 
long lingering life of dotage and second childhood, use- 
less to myself and my fellow-creatures, after the fore- 
going remarks, no liberal-minded reader can well be 
offended at my introduction of the universal character 



iv. appendix. 

now into these pages, - through the medium of a similar 
effort by the venerable franklin, only however, as a pre- 
lude to mine, and preparatory to the adoption of this last 
for all my future works, each of which must thereby, 
when fully adopted, become multum in parvo, et parvum 
in pretio, sed aucto effectu. a variety of causes will yet 
make this perfectly apparent, if i be spared to witness the 
consummation of all my pending designs for the public 
weal, and the permanent establishment likewise of a good 
name, as one of the benefactors of mankind in this hum- 
ble path of literature, where the roses even are scarce, 
the thorns superabundant, but the fruits so rare, that 
they have seldom been hitherto gathered for any grand 
beneficial feast, of which all nations might freely partake, 
were a single mode of human speech, such as it originally 
existed, with one vehicle for it, rendered universal, in the 
lapse of many years devoted to the laudable object of 
providing a convenient substitute for the tongue which 
was in common use among mankind, before its miracu- 
lous destruction. 

in consequence of several recent regulations by the 
local british indian governments, respecting the acqui- 
sition of native languages, and the examination of every 
officer, in future, previous to appointment for any respon- 
sible office or duty in the army, i have found it necessary 
to select such works for more immediate publication, as 
will conduce most to the object in view, for speedily 
qualifying all my pupils in hindoostanee, persian, and 
the provincial eastern dialects ; on the whole of which it 
seems they are liable to be examined, and passed, pro- 
moted, or rejected, according to their deserts, upon one 
or all of those topical themes, fortunately for this pur- 
pose, a correct copy of the Sukontulu nuluk was 
lately found among various other oriental productions ; 



appendix. v. 

and being both a short and sweet little fairy tale, it has 
been inserted here as a supplement or appendix to the 
dialogues, in lieu of some less important matters trans- 
ferred thence to the general vade mecum, published about 
a twelvemonth since. this romantic story has moreover 
been chosen as a very appropriate vehicle for the imper- 
ceptible introduction, and extensive dissemination of the 
universal character through the entire circle of my scho- 
lars, daily becoming a large and respectable body of 
well-informed functionaries, both willing and able to 
serve their honourable employers with public benefit and 
private credit, so far as the culture of orientalism in 
general, and of colloquial proficiency in particular, can 
conduce to render them efficient in every department of 
the service. 

the greek given in page ii, according to the english 
pronunciation, may be easily accommodated to modern 
greek, to the Scottish, french, or any other mode extant, 
by introducing the universal character, so admirably 
adapted to express every literal sound, thus ubi glacies 
ibi hyems, from the mouth of an englishman, seems 
yohw gleJttZ ebe hwemz, which in Scotland be- 
come obe glujtes tbt heemz. sl frenchman says 
obt ? and an italian will make the c of glacies itch so — 
gluCteS) similar to Scottish, when written scotch. 

our knight-errant hwtksotj quixot, in france and 
italy is termed htJOtj but in spain and germany, per- 
haps better known as ktMot, who has thus apparently 
three or four different names, though only one in reality, 
but variously modulated by particular nations, as the 
foregoing examples sufficiently demonstrate, in the pro- 
jected symbols, with which the reader is supposed to 
be already well enough acquainted from the dictionary 
plate, &c. q. v. 



vi. appendix. 

this being the case, we may proceed to illustrate our 
universal character by the following extracts and hindoo- 
stanee romance, from a work published many years since 
in british india, for the colleges there, when the hindee 
roman system was brought to perfection, as a prelude to 
the present essay, in that department of orientalism. 

the genius of the late sir william jones has conferred a 
name and character upon the dramatic story of $uko7l- 
tul'U (or, as he wrote and termed it, sacontala, the fatal 
ring), which can acquire no additional lustre in our 
hands, though the poet mtVZU kuzem JUWUn, 
certainly has given it in the very best flowery style of 
heildo Stunt prose, enlivened occasionally with some 
beautiful specimens of his own poetry. it is not my 
business to defend or account for the deviations in this 
version from the §UJlS~k%tt work which sir william jones 
translated, any further than to desire the reader to ob- 
serve what JUWUfl says for hisself on this particular 
theme, i have purposely chosen the popular novel or 
romance of SukOTltulu for the first experiment on my 
orthoepigraghical system, now rendered as uniform, easy, 
and perfect as possible ; because the proportion of 
SUnskttt or lltnduwt words here is such, as will pro- 
bably enable me to exhibit the whole variety of roman 
substitutes for both hendwte and persian types, in this 
one publication, from which a correct transcript can at 
all times be easily made into either of these oriental cha- 
racters, if i prove fortunate enough merely to indemnify 
myself with the produce of the sales, this even will 
animate me to extend my exertions much farther, on the 
same principles, until we procure or create a respectable 
collection of Jltndostunt authors, in prose and verse, 
nothing has been omitted, on my part, to induce the 



appendix. vii. 

learned natives, under my controul, to adopt a simplicity 
and perspicuity of style in all their compositions, in lieu 
of the false glare, affected obscurity, absurd conceits, and 
pedantic diction, which so often distort and disgrace the 
works of their predecessors ; but whether my success in 
this respect has kept pace with my efforts, or i be 
possessed of talents equal to such a task, are both ques- 
tions which it is the province of more impartial judges 
than myself to determine, of one thing we may, from 
the history of literature in every country, be pretty cer- 
tain — that the hendostblflt is still in that stage of 
infancy, when poetry predominates over humble prose, 
and when literary productions will be more esteemed for 
the gaudy flowers of exuberant fancy which they display, 
than for the solid fruits of common sense and sound phi- 
losophy that, under more favourable circumstances, they 
doubtless might contain, let us look back but three or 
four centuries to the state of english composition iia 
general, and we shall discover very little of that ele- 
gant simplicity of style to boast of, which is now deemed 
the perfection of our best writers ; and which alone can 
confer sterling worth on any language, those hen- 
do Stunt students who wish to become masters of my 
ultimatum, with the most beneficial effects to theirselves, 
and with the least possible trouble, should transcribe a 
small portion of Sukontulu daily into any of the 
oriental characters they may prefer for that purpose, 
this exercise alone, continued regularly for a month, will 
give them a habit of writing with facility, besides enabling 
them to spell every word with the utmost accuracy and 
precision, every body will allow that this is an object 
of no small difficulty and importance in the languages of 
the east, where so many similar sounds are constantly 
expressed by very different letters, with which every 



viii. appendix. 

scholar, however, is supposed to be so well acquainted, 
as to avoid all errors of this nature. when the pro- 
nunciation and correct local chirography of the hen- 
dostunt student are both confirmed by frequent exer- 
cises from the subsequent pages, until the whole have 
been copied over in the nagree and persian letters, and 
translated in english, he may then, with pleasure and 
profit, commence the pi' em SUgUT, a very entertain- 
ing book, rendered with elegance and fidelity from the 
brNJ bhufu into the khult holt by lullo Jt lul, 
of the hendos£un& department in the college, expressly 
to effect the grand object of teaching our scholars the 
h^fldostunt in its most extended sense, and with pro- 
portionate advantages among the grand hindoo mass of 
the people at large, in british india. i shall leave it 
entirely for the impartial and unerring voice of time, 
ultimately to demonstrate the utility of such a scheme, 
by contenting myself in the interim with the conviction 
that i shall not labour with it in vain, having already 
perceived the most happy consequences among my own 
immediate pupils, in this pursuit, from my resolution 
and their perseverance combined. 

more than 22 years have elapsed since the above was 
published, and most people by this time have been, or 
may be, convinced, that my expectations are completely 
verified, from an extended trial with not less than 1500 
pupils, the great majority of whom became expert orthoe- 
pigraphists, and many of them now rank among the best 
colloquists and linguists in the king's or company's service, 
my hopes of the universal mode of expressing and com- 
municating every oriental dialect are not less sanguine ; 
but before it is exhibited here, we must proceed to con- 
sider franklin's plan as follows. 






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JJ/htkerdiftZitho?.- 



sukontulu nutuk 

besmelluh erruHmunir-rufitm 

fioduku numlepuhlezubunptir 
lugu pher del ho upne dustun pur 

yeh qi44u furroMseyur budjuh kt sultu- 
nut men sunsktttse brujbhuhhu men turju- 
mu hou thu ub mhe yulum budjuh he yuhd 
linen wrzobdue notnune yuxemojjunmojtre 
&U4i juhe kuwun burguhe eylestun ujrufol 
usruf markwes ivellesle governor general 
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sunt uthuru sw ek ytsuwt motubeq sunt bu- 
ruh sw pundruh hejre kejunube jun gel- 
krest JuAeb buhudor (dumu xelloho) he fius- 
bol ftokm kuxem yult juwun ne ese zubune 
refitu men buyun keyu 

ts dustun he lekhne wule ne yon lekhu hie 
htfurroRseyur budjuh kefedweyon men se 
mole Munfedut dun he bete nejub ek lulut 
mure (tub fiozorepor nor se osku Metub uyu- 
xum Mun hou) ost uyum men osne nuwuz 
kubtjwur ho hokm hiyu he sukontulu nutuk 
jo sunskutmen hvi bruj kt bolt men huh os 
kubejwur ne yeh kuhunc kubet dohre men 



2 sukonbulu nuiuk 

kuhe kejes ku turjumu yeh hu wrjo uyreze 
men hu so sunskiet se hou hu ugur es men 
wr os men kochfurq ho to momken hu 

ub juhebune dunej o bene J ht Medmutmen 
eltemus meru yeh hu he cujm o gose enduf 
hholen wr loh mondefe se bolen he hubet wr 
dohre ku turjumujusu cuheye wusn zubune 
reMtu men hub ho suktu hu oske wr eske muz- 
mon he bundej hufurq kholu hou hu buyun 
he ehteyuj hyu 

turz oske hujode esku nerulu twr hu 
osku yulum wr hu wr esku yulum wr hu 
qutyu nuxur es se kekubetho yu dohru nuxm 
ku turjumu nu<?r mentubeyutkomontujur 
kurbu hu hyu kyu 

lekhe ye es leye do curfeqre 
ugurjue tuyummol ho keseju 
gereft es men nu ho uhle fierud ho 
ke os muzmon ku yuhun twr yeh thu 
wugur dekhen Mutu tw bhe sumujhkur 
moyufesko kuren ho lotffurmu 
ke Rule hu bujur kot fiutu se 
kese ko es men tuyune koe de kyu 
juwun bus del lugu to dustunpwr 
yuhun se yon hu ub uguz esku 
ke ugle zumune men veswumetr num ek 
julls thu juhr ko choljuyulmenruhukur- 



sukontulu nutuk 3 

tu mr upne twr hi yibudut o nyuzut den 
rut kiyu kurtu upne JuAeb ki bundugimen 
tun budun hi koch ose Mubur nu the stwu osi 
ke tusuwwor he kubhi neguh edhur odhur 
nu the yuhun tuk doblupe se lulu thu ki 
puhcunu nujutu 

budun pholsu sokh huniu hou thu 
reyuzutke mure wohjitu mou thu 

in dohhon se osho hubhi eh dum urum 
nu thu sewu oihune enjufuon he koch hum 
nu thu tu he is duksurese urzo dilhi buruwe 
wr durufitse modduyu hephulpuwe 

usujog kiyu wsu usun bundh bulhu nuz- 
dih thu he bundugi he zor se ruju indur hi 
seyhusun chin lejttne tiruth the on sub men 
guyu juhr juhr duryu duryu ghut ghul pw- 
kurmu kurtu phiru nu cholu kesi nuddi ku 
kenuru jes juyul men hisi duruMt tule 
zuru bwihtu gtrdugivd ugjulutupher upne 
tuen oltu luikutu dum budum dhowun monh 
men liyu kurtu tupujyu is turuA kiyu kurtu 
guruz os tupujwi kuyuhi ftulthu ulhonpu- 
hur tupjup ku fiiyul thu 
cwnsulhburustuluh wohbuyubun nuwurdthu 
sir se luguhepunw tuluk gurdgurd thu 
bunusputti hi khutu ruhtu bhokhpyus hi 
izuensuhtu wr re bu uftub hohur 



4 sukontulu nuiuk 

gurmtyon men wohjegur tuftujulukur gerdug 
buihtu thu dherjuse rukh ku uwe nuxur 
wrjulonmengule tukpune men hokurkhulu 
jup keyu kurtu thu jwqe del se hur jum o sufiur 

use buten sonkur ruju endr ko buhotsoc 
bulu dur del men heu oskeesjog tolne he leye 
menukupure kobolukur buhot seuobhugut 
he wr yeh uhwul xuher keyu 

woh ruju he ftosne soloh se bnhot fioj hot 
wr es mutlub he sonte he yon bole he mun woh 
pure hon ugur meru suyu bruhmu be/no 
muhudeo pur pule dewune hojuwen 
jo we howen wuhje to hur Ion mun rum 
mire yud men bholen sub upne hum 
ye use hwnjudo bhure uykhheyun 
ruhe dekhkur enko sodh bodh huhun 
yeh uhwuljub use logon ku ho 
rukhonpukdumun mun hub wr ko 
vtswumttr ko ekpul men upne pur dewu- 
nu kurlon tumum yomr ko qujqe kejuguh 
yeh kuluykku teku muthepur dhurdonjoge 
yujute ten tubuq men kwn usu hujo mojh se 
up ko bucuwe osko to mun dum men wr ku 
koch wr kur don qusum hu muhuruj he ugur 
ose kum ke bus kur oyleyonpur nu nucuon to 
num upnu menuku nu rukhuon buten ketne 
use he kurke ben kundhepur dhur wuhun se 



sukontulu nuluk 5 

oihe buth upne tuMt pur huwue usmun se 
zumtn pur otre woh eh usu seturu the he 
tumum yulum ho jes ne rojun kur deyu tes 
pur soluh seyur buruh ubhrunjo os ne ser se 
punw tuluh hiye den ho to soruj oshujulwu 
dehh rujk he ug sejulu wr rut ho cundgierut 
se dug hokur seturon he uyuron pur loiu 
wuse mohne jorut wr woh bunuojo dehhu 
jog bejogmenuguyu tupusyu hupetjulse 
ohhlu hyu woh /iermune 4ubr he julune 
wule bejle the hejespurosheneguhegurm 
pule betub hohur del osku sene men bhus- 
munt ho guyu ugur furhud dekhtujune 
Jeren detu Iwle mujnon ho jute 
nu bolbol he hoe the ospu judu 
golon he behule the del menpwdu 
behejt se nehulhurjo ose dekhte ftor to yuqen 
hie kejun dene men nu hurteqosor 
dekhhur osko hufer o dendur 
kurte upus men the yuhe tukrur 
juhun yeh dunum ue yu rubb nuxur 
hese den o donyu he wuhun ho Mubur 
fiudele hulum woh es dorut se os mone he 
mohne ho wr mun bus kurne ho uthkheleyon 
he cul Merume nuz he unduz se cule ucpu- 
luhul wr cunculpune se ihokur dumun he 
gerebune Jekefyue kocuh hurte the uncul do- 



6 sukonbulu nuluk 

pulte ku serpur se kundhepur wrkundhe se 
phesulkur znmtn pur uruhbu bhu os surwe 
golundum he es nuz o nnduzpur nustm o 
subu judqe qorbunjubt bht mudh bhurt we 
uykhen dekhkur nurges peyulu jurube jwq 
ku lekurkhultktkhultruhjubtbht kumur 
kt lucuk se bur bur sombol kupec o tub khu- 
bubhu 

ben bujutt hot holtgutt hot dhyun burton 
pur dhure phol dumun ogtrebun men bhure 
hoe ukur wuhunjulwugur hotjuhun wohjog 
sudhe bupujyu kur ruhu bhu 

yuk bu yuk puzeb he ghoyrowon ktjhun- 
kur btn he bur on kt uwuz gune kt Iw se melt 
hotsonkur bequrur ho os nejonhtn uykhen 
hhol dtn ust Juki nuxur ut kt ek ht nuxxure 
se osku sub dhyun gyunjuburuhu bur son 
menjup ktjebnt ponjtjumuy kt bht oske 
nuz o gumze ktfwj ne sub kt sub ek ht dum 
men lot It 

pherbo guj khubuhouoihkurpurwunuwur 
osjumuy rokegtrd pherne luguwrbebubt 
se dum budum qudmon pur gerne buluen 
str se punw buluk lene tor sudqe ho hojun 
upnt dene 

del osku mufivjulwuejununu hoguyu 

kur be ht ek neguh ke woh dtwunu hoguyu 



mkontulu nutuk 7 

tub to purt dum delusu de ose hoj men lu 
npntbht cuhutjutugurmjojthurhe esmuze 
men lut he oske del ne puhle bos o kenur se 
nehuyutluzzutputpherto kumdeo ne uhur 
upnu hum heyu he ek un men osku woh hum 
tumumkeyu osne upne osjoghuythphnl 
puyu he eh dnm he muze ht Muter sub koch 
gunwuyu pher buhot supuchtuyu he mun ne 
hyu boru hum heyu upne tutn tumum bhu- 
lon men budnum heyu tub to eske sewu koch 
wr bun nu uyu he os bun ho chol wr bun ho 
guyu. 

wr menuku ho wonhtn fiumul duryuft 
hou es subub ose ruju endr he durbur men 
junu bur hou cur o nucur nw muhtne tu- 
luk dengenbt ruht 

jub moddut port hot to eh muhro lulht 
junt quhr yeh hu he bemehrt se nu chutt 
lugukurosedodhdeyu beolfuttsenuehdum 
godt men leyu nusl ensun htjun mufiubbut 
zuru nu ht wr wuhtn puiuhhur ose etnt but 
kuht hejese humurt zut men hot nu ruhhe 
ose hyon ulluh ne deyu [o tub 

but yehjon neklt lub se hhu wuhtn woh pec 
ol gut utjedhur se tht bucundtn ezterub. 
woh to gut odhur yeh ruht edhur 

ub uge dustun hu yon buyun hw he os 



8 sukontulu nuiuk 

juyulmen sewu Modu ke osku koe fiuburlene- 
wulunu thu purekpuhhero ospur upnepu- 
ron ku suyu keye thu es se osku num sukon- 
tulu hou wuhunpule hot woh rote the un- 
sowon ke mote pulkon men ptrote the dodh 
keleyemonhpusurruhe the huthpunwupne 
murruhtthe ke purwurdugure yulum ne 
upnufuzl keyu jo kunn mone kuhen nuhune 
ko cule the jon os turufse ho ntkle dekhu ke 
yeh kyu qodrute eluhe hwjo es sorut se nu- 
xur ute hw 

os nwgole cumun ko goltstun se dor dekh 
dwrun bu ruye holbole tu^wer hogue 

gultun dore yutem se the lek /iukpur 

gultune oske dekh we delger ho gue 
os pur onhen nehuyut turs uyu dwlkur Muk 
purse othuyugode men lekur kuhne luge yeh 
purejenn yu kese qwm ke use Mob sorutlulke 
hw ke dekhe nu sone koch kuhu nuhenjutu wr 
koch sumujh men nuhen utu kes ne esjuyul 
men lukur fiuk ke opur es cund ke tokle ko 
dul deyu thu ose chute se lugue hoe ye del 
men soc becur kurteghur kophere 

mukun menpuhoncte he upne buhun gw- 

tume kooske jorutdekhukurpyur sekuhu ke 

je lugukur buhotucche turuhpurwurej kur- 

te ruheyo wsu nu ho ke kese twr se kotuhe ho 



sukontulu nuiuk 9 

lulke kejo woh dorut osne dekhe wr bhue 
ke oske ftuqq men yeh mehrbune ke byten 
sonen pulile oske buluenlen pher god sele- 
kur upne gule lugu pulne luge den rut 
chute pur ose lotute the mehr o mufmbbutse 
dodhpdwuU the 

woh es dorut sepulte the wrjttne osjuy- 
ul ke tupujwe the sub osko pyur kurte the 
sub ke wohpyure the on subhon men mujhor 
thu ke yeh kunnke bete hu denbudenwoh 
bule hote the wr toMme mufmbbut hur del 
men bote the 

wr bhe do lulkeyun wuhun then ek ku 
num unusoyu thu dosre ku num pruyum- 
vudu tenon purwurej pukurjub bule ho- 
eyun uihpuhur suth khelne lugeyun on sub- 
hon ko upus men use pyur efilus thu goyu on 
he ekjun wrjodujodu quleb thu 

hur ek on men the zohru o mehr o muh 
jen hen dekhkur howe yosofko cuh 
ugur cuhe juyer kure juyere 
buyun on ke howe nu fiobe sure 

fiodu ne upne duste qodrut se on tenon ku 
surupu men surupu Mobeyun bhur de then 

bhuwenjub ke godde men then tunten 
jegur tere me^gun se then chunten 



10 sukontulu nutuk 

tuluttofsejes dum ke we hunsteyun 
to zuhedko bhe sojhten musteyun 

hur ek ku woh pure su cehrujo nuxur utu 
hoe to guj khutu wrkoedewunuhojutu 

jo zolfen thtn zunjerepuejonon 
kufepue ruyen the surgurme don 

ugurce zuher men we subhe ser se punw 
tuluh tumum ftosn ojumul wr nuz o ndu 
then leken Auqequt men woh joyulu bhubho- 
ku kejes hu num sukontulu thu upne ekjulwe 
se del ojun dononjuhun kuphoyk dete the 
johru oshe gurm buzure ku dhom oske 
fiosne yulum soz ke use the he uftube yu- 
lumtub ko ek zurru os ke uge tujulle nu the 

kuhun tuk buyun oske hon dobeyun, 
surupu then os men do J oslobeyun 

ulqejju kunn mone ne ek den os nuznen se 
yeh butkuhe ke ub mwn teruth kurne kojutu 
hon thole se denon men nuhukur pher utu 
hon tub tuluk to cwn wr urum se yuhun doj 
ruheyo jo koch mutlob ho gwtume se kuhu 
kureyo woh tere Muter duzer keyu kurege 
wr jun o del se sudqe qorbun hokur ser se 
punw tuluk tere buluen leyu kurege 

pur jo koe tupujwe yuhun uwe udurkur 



sukontulu nuiuk 11 

punwpuUyo wr oskt fiedmut ktjtyojuhun 
tuk tojh se ho suke kotuht mut ktjo. 

es es turu/i woh ose sumjhu sumjhu nudt/iut 
delusu de ruwunu hou wr woh utus kupur- 
kulu undhere ghnr ku ojulu strtn munes 
Iwluruwes telesm ftosn ojumul kegunjku 
yuyune sukontulu buruye gol jes kejuguh 
cuheye tht cumun men ruht ose bun men 

soroyuejuwunt wr osku wohjobun 

nuyu yulum upnu dtkhutu thu bun bun 
jitne os dust he curundopurundthe we osht 
dume muhubbut he puebund the wr woh 
fitdmutmen mont logon ht mujgoltht 

jubhttnedtngozre ehtuzt wuhsutuos 
se docur hoe cur o nucur upne del ho yon 
buhlutt the 

kubhe herun he buccon ho dunu kubht 
duruitonkopunt dtyuhurtt wr Muter osht 
hur un gwtumt hur hur twr se keyu kurtt 
kunn htstfuris he stwu woh Mod osht fur- 
mun burdur bulkejun nejur tht 

wr we donon sukheyun osku monh dekhte 
ht ruhteyun then jubjuwunt kt omuy ne 
yulum koch wr dthhuyu soMeyun nue nue 
twr ht os nuzntn men sumune lugtn dd- 
durtwr ddrobut he eitdut onh humjohyon 
sesoroyukeye terchtneguhon ttkht nuzu- 



12 sukontulu nuiuk 

ron se emron htn ejuron men on ke delon ko 
becwn kurtt tht begul begulkur huzuron tu- 
rn ft con conke onko num dhurtt tht 
kubht huns bolkur nehulkeyu 
kubht thokur sepuemul keyu 
nu thu delrobut ku ek twr koch 
hur ek un men un tht wr koch 
wok qumut qeyumut ku numonu bulke 
umud men os se bht donu tespur tumum 
woh turktb budun kt jusupholon kugulwu 
ufut guzub woh chuttyon ku obhur cumune 
ftosn kt os se tur o tuzu buhur yulum koch 
ku koch nuxur utu thu jese dekhkur yulum 
kujtjututhu kumurktbhtlucukse ruge 
jun tuluk pec o tub thu wr hur rozjobun 
osku es es cumuk se buihtu thu ke cwdhuwtn 
rut ke cund ko bht mokhlu dekhke cuku- 
cwndh utt tht osjuyul men oske hosn kt 
yehjhuluk tht kt huzurpurdon men chepue 
nu chepe 

is Hosn ojumulpur ubbuyun oskepuhnu- 
we kujo ktje to sonkurgol cumun men upne 
gerebun phulen wr gulu nuyu dekhkur 
muydun o duryu menjuhun tuluk gwhur 
hwn /iusrut se upne tutnjwhur kuren 

ugurci fiosnt Modu dud Itbuso zewur ke 
bund se uzud hu kt es se oskt /iobt hu nu 



sukontulu nuluk 13 

os se tskt mufibobe lekin buxuher fiomomu 
hu wr butinmen toddktlobhunewulthur 
unudu hu 

kuhte hun ke oske budun kt posts htrun 
ktkhultht wrpothkubhtgulemenhurnu 
thu tub bht goyu huzurun huzur bunuo 
thu lekmjonjon woh juwunt pur utt tht 
ton ton Mob jolutt wr sumun dtkhutt tht jts 
ktst kt uyhh oske cundse mohhie purpuUt 
be t&tiyur woh yon kuhtu thu 

mojuwwtr gur ttrtbuawtrko cuhe ktubkhunce 
luguwe cund suru ek cehre ke bunune ko 

yuhun oskt yth jorut tht wr mont wuhun 
jo ruh culu jutu thu yeht oske del men soc 
btcur thu just woh qubol dorut hu wusu ht 
kotmuqbolpurtpukur muhjumul oskujol 
ho to donon muh o mosturt kt munund 
wudl ke borj men qtrunpuwen 

yukuyuk sono wr qodrutdodu kt 

ek dtn ruju dosmunt kestjuyul men Jt- 
kur ko ntklu thu htrun keptche ghoiu dw- 
lueupntfwj sewsuugentkulguyu ktoskt 
stpuhjo gtrd opes tht buhotptche ruh gut 

jub us pus upne udmtyon men se hot nu- 
xur nu uyu tor dopuhur kt dhop sir pur 
pult wr woh huwue gur m budun ko lug t tub 



14 snkontulu nutuk 

betub wr bequrur hou wr woh herun ke 
chuluwe ke turufinuzuron se ojhulho guyu 
thu osjuyulmen (ke snkontulu kejuhun 
bod o bus the) numodur hou 

ruju nejhonjhlu wr Iusj khu ter ko ku- 
mun ke celle sejoikur cuhu ke ose nejunu 
kure hunoz ter qubze se kumun ke surukne 
nupuyu thu ke uwuz ue torn ruju ho wr 
hum jetne juyul kejoge tupujwe wrjetne 
ruhne wule him kyu curund kyu purund 
tomhure suye men buste hun subhon ke torn 
rukhwule ho hu hu muhuruj humure tup 
bun ku herun jekur mutkuro 

jub jogeyon money on tupujweyon ke 
ruju ne yeh bubsont huth rukh ghole ke bug 
le on sub ukheyon ne ujerbud deyu ruju 
neonkodundwutkurke yehpochu kunnku 
yuhun mukun kwn su hu ? humjukur dur- 
junkuren wronkequdumlen yehsonkur 
we sub fioj hoe wr sthun onkupus butuyu 
wr kuhu thole se den hoe hwn kunn mont 
teruthko guehun onhonneeklulkeko bete 
kurkepulu hu so woh onke mukun men hu 
jo muhuruj up wuhun tulukjuweye to kunn 
mone teruth se unkur snkontulu se yeh but 
son buhot fioj howeye 

ruju ke del men ugut ghole ko wuhen chok 



sukontulu nuiuk 15 

punw punw tub onke sthun tulukyuyu es 

men duhne uykhjon phulke del men md 

hou ke yeh jogonucchuhw punwjubuge 

dhuru osku yth phul puyu ke chote chote 

yomron ke ten nuznen nuxur ueyun leken 

orihon men 

jo Juki nuxur ue tudwer nuxur ue 

jumul o fiosn o Mobe ek ek ke johrue yulum 

jwr ojufu o setum men ekseekuxlum leken 

jubdeduegwr ocujmetufiqeqsedekhu ek 

onh men use nuznen hw kejeskegol se cehre 

pur zolfen jo sombol se huwu sejombej men 

hun to kumur lucktjute hw os se cumune 

ruyunue men ujub buhur hw wr hur ek on 

donon men se nusemo dubu se ospur nejur 

hw 

hojjutu ruhu neguh ke suth 
4ubr rofauthou ek uh ke suth 

woh osku wsu mufiwe dedur hou ke befiod 
hokur Muk pur geru wr upne tun budun ke 
koch fiubur nu ruhe ketnt ek der ke bu- 
yud jes tes turufi sejon up ko sumbhulu 
to dekhu ke woh nuznen upne huthon se 
ghule punt ke bhur bhur pwdhon mende 
ruhe hw 

we donon oske suth kt sukheyun bhe est 



16 sukontulu nuluk 

turufi pelon ko stctt hwn junkur yeh bht ek 
Iwr kt bundngt fiedmut wr purwuru du- 
ruMton kt kurtt hwn on golundumon ke moe 
sur se kt surusur gwrutt sombol hwn qutre 
jubnum ke se tupuk ruhe hwn wr tumumpu- 
stne pustne ho ruhtyun hwn goyu fiosn he 
duryu men gdte mur nekltn hwn we joruten 
mortonst bur bur sir kundhe kumur pur 
ghule le le uteyun hwn sunsen culh culh 
juttyun hwn wr monh otur otnr jutu hw 
cehron pur onke ek ruyjutu wr ek ruy utu 
hw kubht nuzukut se punw rupuijutu hw 
kubht bojh se bed kt munund suru budun 
thurthurutu 

nu thu onko woh runj ruhut se hum 
hur ek un kurtt thtn cohlen buhum 
duruMton kt chunw men khult ho hokur 
upne upnejobunpur ek ek mugror tht lektn 
on subhon men sukontulu upne fiosn o udu 
men buhot dor tht cumkuwut oske cthre ke 
ujubjulwe dtkhubt tht wr zolfen btkhrt ho- 
tn monh pur oske es ruy se nuxur uteyun 
thtn jwse numoddhowen kt joyulepur hott 
hw yujwst koch kochghutu soruj pur ujutt 
hw neguh bejlt tht kt nuxur on menkwndh 
jutt tht os tup bun men ts ruy rop se sumun 
bundhu thu 



sukontulu nuiuk 17 

Mu/eldekhkur oskohotu thu muh 
thuhurte nu the mehr he bhe neguh 

guruz he woh kunn he muhnn men buen 
julwu ufroze hur ruwej se nw nehulon ho 
nehul kurte the ruju ne ose dekhkur tu- 
ujjob se huhu he ugur hum ese suruswute hu- 
hen tobenoshehundhepurhuhunhw ugur 
gwru purbute huhen tw bhe nu huh suhen 
hi udhu U7) muhudeo hu udhu uy oshu 1m 
yu luchme huhen to hyen hur huhen woh 
chute pur be/no he ruhte hw eh dum on se 
joduenuhensuhte ugurrumbhu yumenu- 
ku yu rutc socen to wejuwunen hun ythjo 
oske nuejobun hu senn o sul hw we hub ruhh- 
te hwn 

ruju ye buten soc sochur /iwrun thu wr 
del men ythe huhtu thu mugur yih hoe hor 
hw jo surupu ywb se dor hw jun o del se os 
pur fereftu hou hoj o /iuwuj sub gem hoe 
oske fiosn he sumondur men dob guyu neguh 
he dum men zolfon hejul men del yon 
phunsu kepher rehuejunjul hoe 

nuqju oske jorut hu Iwfie del pur khenc 
guyu uene he munund yeh surupu muftv he 
yulummen thu jedhur jedhur neguh oske 
pherte the oskuje culujutu thu guruz he 
yeh ben dumon hu golum hou wr tege yejq 



18 



sukontulu nutuk 



se kmn tumum hm kubht mnjnon kt mu- 
nund os lult munej ku seftu thu wr knbht 
furhudsu os Jtrtn udu kufereftu 

ttrt meygun sejo stnu surbusur gerbul thu 
del buruye nuqjepu hur hur qudum pumul thu 
ujk theuykhon sejurt lubpu thu jot oftgun 
uh os del dudue olfut ku yeh uhwul thu 

jub kubht ho J menutu etntbut zubunpur 
lutu uykhon ne to oske hosn kt dtd kt kun 
uwuz pur lug ruhe hwn soMun ke mott jo 
wohzubunseperowe hurt dudufsepordor 
howen so yeh kyon kur urzo del kt buruwe 
duruMon kt ut wr ot men chepu chepu woh 
nw gerefturt dume muhubbut ts soc men 
khuluthu dtd os ke fiosn ktkurtu thu surd 
uhen Ausruton se bhurtu thu leken on men 
kest kt neguh ospur nugut 

ttne men sukontulu se donon sukheyun 
pochne lugeyun tojo tn duruMon ko stctt 
ruhtt hw kyu mont ko yeh tojh se bht buhot 
pyure hwn to to on ktjun se bht cuhttt 
ztyudu hw so tojhko onhon ne kyon onkt 
ftedmut ko moqurrur keyu hw dodu ne 
tojhe yeh Juki o jumutl dt hw ke kot Hosn 
o udu men tere moqubelnuhtn yehnuzukut 



sukontulu nuluk 19 

wr humcnepwn teru he log cujm o del upne 
tert ruh men furs hurte hwn punw tere upne 
serpur dhurte hwn teru budun es mtfinutwr 
mujuqqut he lutq nuhtn 

suhheyon ne jub wst buten huhtn sukon- 
tulu nejuwub deyu mwn up del o jun se 
purwurej hurtt hon udur eh den tsku phut 
puoyt jo hot chunw men enhon hi unkur 
buihegu mojhe yud huregu hock mont he 
kuhne se Medmut inht nuhtn hurtt hon 
bulht mwn up dhyun en pur dhurtt hon 
mojh ho Mod olfuthw 

yeh huhu wr herun he cwmie ht woh uyeyu 
jo chuteyonpur kust hot tht wrphol se oshe 
budun men gul gut tht jub huth se hholne 
lugt nu kholt tub unosoyu se woh bolt prt- 
yumvudu ne kuskur mert uyeyu bundht hw 
iok to ese dhtlu hur de 

jon osne bundon ho dhtlu hur deyu pre- 
yumvudu khonsukur wrjhonjhlukur bolt 
ghuit ghult ht hhol mond hyu huren ju- 
wunt he zor se budun teru buihtu hw wr 
obhur chuteyon hu hotujutu hw humuru 
gelu to hurtt ruhtt hw upnt turuf nuhtn 
dekhtt ht teru budun koch hu hoch h&ujutu 
hw 



210 sukontulu nutuk 

yehbutsonkur wohnehuyutjurmue pher 
ose upne kurn men luge tub ek bhwnrupho- 
lon pur se olkur monk pur mundlune lugu 
wr fiojbo pukur oske nuzok nuzok hoihon 
pur jogolub keputte se the phertu thu woh 
seskeyun le lejhelukte the oijutu thu pher 
u bwihtu thu tub jhejhekkur wr ghoyhul 
hwhe sukheyon he turufdwle wr woh bhwn- 
ru bhegonjtu suth suth lugu ruhu 

dekhkur bhwnru bu ruye gol woh osku roe &<dj 
gerdthu wr le ruhu thu oske hur dum bee Mo J 

ruju yeh tumuju dekh ruhu wr mun 
he maun men bhwnre se yeh huhu tere se 
huhun tuleyu mere he eske gerdpheron wr 
un un lub o duhun se eske muze Ion kuj 
mwnbhetojh su hotu jo urzo mere del he 
hw fmler Hiduhburute wr tojhko dor sebht 
oske bo bus nu lene delu 

kyu hur on jo be pur o bul hon ese fiusrut 
se nuqjepu he turuhpumul hon to oikur 
pusjutu hw goyu fioje ke buten huh es se 
lugun lugutu hw woh tojhe nuz o udu se 
jhelukjheluk dete hw wr fiufu ho ho monh 
purghoyhut lete hw tespur to wuhen mund- 
lutu phertu hw wr eske hoihon se rus letu hw 



sukontulu nuluk 21 

hum dor se chip chiphur yih ruy dekh ruhte 
hwn uge jute hoe kutiri nuzok se oske 
dur utu hw dhun tojhe hum kes hum kuj he 
hwn 

ttre se huhun hwn humure nudib 
yih momkin 7iuhen ju suken hum qunb 
hhule tukte hwn dor se un un 
hur ek unpurgo nikulte hwjun 
quju hotuh upne del he buten rusk he 
mure hur ruhu thu wr woh muyusoqiyut 
se os bhwnre ho buhuzur yujwu o kurumu 
dor hur ruht the pur woh oske bus pur pus 
se nuhen suruktu thu 

phir huhne luge mojhe isjuyul men is 
bhwnre ne sutuyu pher cillue hi sukhiyo 
torn mere pus uo is bud bu&tse mere bum 
choluo yih hothonpur mere mundlu ruhu 
hw tulese nuhen lultu issemerubusnuhin 
cultu 

sonte he suhhiyun dwfoi uiyun wr yih 
ruy dekh huns hunskur huhne lugiyun hi 
humen to ne nuhuq boluyu is bwrt se hum 
hyonhurbucuwen rujudojmuntsefuryud 
kur woh is tup bun hu rukhwulu hw 

ruju ku num sonte he pokur oiht wr woh 
on durudton se nihul pus ukur kuhne lugu 
yih kuho tomhen his ne sutuyu 



221 sukontulu nutuk 

ruju ko dekhte ht ye ben mol btk gneyun 
wr jurm ke mure ghoyhnl kurkejhokjhok 
gntn kochdnrtn ghubrutn beqnrurtseek 
juguh khnlt nn rnh snktyun hurnt se uge 
bht punw nn pnl snku bhwcuk st ho gntn 
kochbolnnsnktn 

tnbonmense nnosoyune delknrndtknr 
rujukojnwub dtyn kejtsktdnhsntsexolm 
ku to num nnhtn hwn wr yndl yth hw ht 
gue wr jer ek ghulpnrpuntptte hwn ts tnp 
bnn men Jwq zwq se tnpnjwt log jnp tnp 
hnrtehun hot dnrnnd gnznnd nnhtn detu 
htst ne ktst ho uj tnh nnhtn sutuyu yth 
bholt nudun hw nudunt wr bholepnn se 
bhwnre ho dekh pokur oiht hnm oske ruj 
men ntdnr hun hwn hnmen sntu snke wr 
hwn uyhh dthhu snke 

yth sonhnr ruju ne koch npne tntnjntu 
wrmoskoru snkontnlukttnrufdekhknrpoc- 
hu ht tomhure nw nthul dnrnMt snrsnbz 
wr htrnn he bncce ucche hwn 

ttnt but he sonte ht oske royie khnle ho 
gne wr suru bndnn jnrm ke mure kumpne 
Ingu monh se koch but nu ntklt hnyu ke 
mure ntct nnxnren hnr Itn 

tub nnosoyu ne ost qnrtne se bholu su 
dnryuft hnrke bnfiuterdurt oskt tnrnf se 



sukontulu nuluk 23 

yeh kuhu kyon nu ho ub Awr humure jo torn 
se nekbufit rukhwule hon torn jo punw 
punw yuhun dwle ue ho pusenu tomhure 
monh pur uguyu hw duruliton ht chump 
tule dum lo hum tomhure huth punw dho- 
wen hum ne qesmut se tomhure qudum 
dekhe uj he den torn humure mehmun ho 
sukontulu se kuhu to kyon nudun bunt hw 
Ihundhupune lu es upne mehmun ko ptlu 
ruju ne moskorukur kuhu humen koch 
durkur nuhtn tomhen dekhkur humuru 
kuleju usu ihundhu hou ke bhokh pyus sub 
jute ruht tomhure melhe meihe buton se yeh 
hum ne muzu puyu ke yehe humure meh- 
munt the torn bhe pune secte secte thuk 
ruhen ho sub melkur en duruliton ke chunw 
menbwlho wrihundheihundhehuwulo 

tub hunskur unosoyu sukontulu ke turuf 
dekhkur bole humure yuhun unoihe meh- 
mun ue hwn sub buten mun bhue kuhte 
hwn en kudur koch mutkur enke buton pur 
kun dhur 

sukheyon ke sonkur ye buten fiosn o udu 
ke kurkur ghuten ruju wr sukontulu chunw 
men duruliton ke bwlhe ek ke tubeyutek ke 
turuf ue hot wr mehr o muftubbut del men 
sumue hoe qesmut se on donon ke esjuyul 



24 



sukontulu nutuk 



men moluqut hot donon he del ht geruh 
hholne ht hyu uccht but hot 

geruh jon goncu hur del ht hot wu 
buhum donon gol o bolbol thegoyu 
wuhun bulhejo the we fiorrum o Jud 
buhum qwde do yulum se the uzud 
nuxure men thu go surgurm dtdu 
wule upus men thu hur eh nu dtdu 
eh eh sukht onhen dekh dekh muhwe de- 
dur tht bulhe humdeo wr rute se kutol kulol 
on pur wur hur up bht nejur tht xuher men 
sukontulu doz dtdu neguhon wr ntct nuzu- 
ronse rujukodekhruhttht 

tub ruju ne on se yeh butkuht torn ttnon 
hu bhulu sunjog bunu hw ruy rop eh su 
yomren burubur junen eh budunjodujodu 
hw 

yeh ruju ht unmol buten sonkur unosoyu 
bolt dhun hu os des ho juhun se torn ue ho 
money on hejugnyu menjo deo dulul kurte 
hwn torn ne bucuyu sufhuho tomhwnho 
deo yu gundhurb yu humdeo ho koch to 
humenbutuo mehrbune kurke humuredel 
ht dobdhu meiuo wr upnu numjutuo 

ruju ne kuhu humen ruju do/munt ne 
bheju hu wr yehfurmuyu hu he %ekht logon 
ht fiedmutwr ruhhwultheyuhuro rut den 



sukontulu nuiuk 25 

tup bun men hum phirte hwn ruju dof- 
munthe cukur hwn 

yih but kuhkur ruju cop ruhu ugurci 
osne duf upnu num nu butuyu dur purdu 
yihbutkuhi pur unosoyuko yuqenhou hi 
ruju yiht hw tub hunshur kuhne luge ub 
mont sub nicmthoe kiupnurukhwuluwr 
Unwind sir pur rukhte hwn tomjwsu rukh- 
wulujo sir pur uyu bhulu torn ne ukur hu- 
meri dur sun dikhuyu hum logon ho nuwu- 
zu iskt buton se osne buhot muzu othuyu 
wr luzzut pukur is se wr dosrt sukht se 
huhu sukontulu ho dodu ne upne huthon se 
bunuyuhw yihjowsinuzokundum qubol 
dorut hw mont iskt judi kur degu yu duhib 
hi bundugi kurwuwegu nyuzut hyonkur 
hogt is se oih nu suke bun nuzukutjis se 
yih wst nuxur ui nuzoh budun 
guruni hurejispu bee sumun 
unosoyu nejuwub dtyu hi mont ne upne 
dil men ihunu hw jusi sukontulu hwjo kot 
wwsu milegu wr yih bht ose qubol kurege 
os se hum judi kur deye 

but yih jub zubunpur ut 
woh golundum sonhe surmui 
ruju bole sukontulu jwsi hw wwsu to 



0,6 sukontulu nuiuk 

melnu muynlom esku dune donyu se hu 
muyudom 

jes golbudun se eske dd ku kunwul khele- 
gu wsu bugejuhun men bur huhun se melegu 
bumum molkonmenmonedhondhukuregu 
wr sure yomr est urzo men muregu 
nupuwegu koe wsujuhun men 
zumtn sejuegugur usmun men 

sukontulu dokh tunhue ke suhege wr 
ztndugt bhur ben byuht ruhegt pher uno- 
soyu hunskur es joyordure se boh wr oske 
goncue delsegeruh kholejub dodu ucche den 
lutuhw delkumuqjud ghurbwlhe he mel 
jutuhw tomjwselogonkujubyuhunqudum 
uyu mon ke mun ku mutlubporu hou 

ruju yeh but sonkur buhot Moj hou wr 
sukontulu nehuyut jurmue preyumvudu 
moskorue wr oske kun seju luge copke cop- 
ke kuhte the torn uj he byuhe juttn kyu 
kuren kunn mone uj ke den ghur men 
nuhen" 

woh Jurmuejute the wr yeh buten wse he 
sonute the terche nuxuron se ruju ko dekh 
ruhe the ruju ke uykh sukontulu se uike 
wuhun fwj dhondte hoe juyul men bhole 
bhulke uMeruj dhondte dhondte sepuh ku 



suhontulu nuiuk 27 

wuhun gozur hou juhun yon buhum nuzo 
udu htfwjen tel ruhen thin wr upus men 
yih rudd o budul ho ruhi tht 

fwj he pure he pure jub nuzdth ue wr 
hur eh ne ghote odhur ho oihue gurd zu- 
mtn seusmuntuluh gut jor curonturufbu- 
lundhou juyul he junwuron he gherne ho 
quruwuldwle istwrse wristuriqse woh 
sepuh osht Jihur hurti hot wuhun tuh pu- 
honci tupujwi logon nejuryudmueui he 
upne upnejunwuron hi rukhwuli huro yth 
jorogolsonkur suhhtyun upnejt menghub- 
rutyun dtl dhuluhne luge hur eh hu cthru 
phol su komhluyu ruju fiojt ht buten kurne 
nupuyu dtl men upne osfwjheunesebu- 
hotroku 

unosoyu duhjut hhuhur ruju se bol oiht 
torn butho yujuo humuru huleju thurthu- 
rutu hu hum upne muhun menjuttyun hun 
torn mthrbunt hurhe humure muhun men 
ue tomhurt itdmut humen luztm tht so 
hum fiidmut ktye bin roM^ut hottn hun yth 
but huhte bhi humen jurm utt hu hum se 
rohuwul dtl men muthtjo phtr eh bur hu- 
men dursun dtjo 

suhontulu ho thum wr huth men huth 
lekur wuhun se ghur ho cultyun jodut se 



28 sukontulu nuluk 

donon ke del men be ku leyun ho gueyun we 
odhurcultn wrrujufwjketurufculu jon 
jon woh ugejutu thu dd osku ptche ruhu 
jutu thu 

pump wohjub rukhtu thu uge bulhu 
dd ht kuJtJ lute the ptche pheru 
hur hur qudum pur osku to yth hul thu 
wr sukontulu ku bht yujub uhwul thu upnt 
kuft pu se jo burgegol se bht nuzoktur the 
kunle nthulne he buhuneju buju thuhur 
jutt tht wr kubht uncul os ku beqururt se 
jo Muk ke opur gertu thu khuzt ho ho wr 
sumbhul sumbhul up ko oihutt tht wr 
kubht bulstr he jo ujoftu surt se monhpur 
btkhurjute the sombolku su dustu bunukur 
est fttle se bundkhejolu uge punw bulhute 
the kubhenuzuren bucukur sukhtyonke 
pechepherkur ruju ko dekh lete the 
ese turuh hur hur qudum ruh the 
kubhe nulu thu wr kubhe uh the 
yon hen lugun lugue hoe woh upne sthun 
men gue quleb men goyujun nu the 
nu thu den ko urum ne jub ko fivmb 
Jub o roz thu oskeje ko yuzub 
jurm ke mure sukheyon se bhe nu koch 
huh sukte the del ku durd dd he del men 
rukhte the tere kure yu tez kuture kuleje 






sukontulu nuiuk 29 

pur luge to sormu suhtehwn purnuejodue 
ku dokh kese se suhu nuhen jutu 

kwn kuhe se but yeh mune jespur bete 
wohejune juhun woh ukelejukur bwlhte 
suwun ke sejhuie lugute oske yth hulutthe 
ke sub ruy budun ku zurdthu del wrjegur 
men durd thu dug se senu surujulu thu 
jorjonon se ser men oihtu thu 
don nubejegur dedue geryun se buhe thu 
wrnuluejun soz he dumsuz ruhe thu 
yeh ug jo oske budun men lug ruhe the ro 
rokur unsowon se bojhute the osku to hur 
dum ythe dul thu wr ruju ku bhe yujub 
uflwul thu dhyun men oske woh hwrun 
ruhtuthu wrwsudumbuiodthu kekesese 
durd dd ku bhe nuhen huhtu thu 

husrutse hur ek so woh fturutzudu tuktu thu 
sukte ku su yulum thu koch huh nuhen suktu 

[thu 

sukontulu se jo os ne del uikuyu pul 
murte woh ruj upnu sub bholuyu rut den 
men kul ek dum bhe nuhen puite the ose ku 
dum bhurtu thu nut lugun ne ose ghur 
june nu deyu tup bun ke pus deru keyu 
fiukpur ser upnu puiuktu thu 

mone logon se durkur bol nuhen suktu thu 
ke kuhen yeh bud doyu nu den yejq ke ug se 

g 



30 sukontulu nuiuk 

jnltu thu wr del men upne kumdeo se kuhtu 
to bulu kumbufit hw nehuyut be en<iuft to 
neyuhunukur ke mun se to opju ts Itye 
tern num munoj hw est mun ko to kyujulu- 
tuhw 

es turuh kumdeo ku gelu kurke cundnt 
rutkuyulumdekhkurkuhnelugu wohmuh 
puru mojh sejodu hw to w cund upnejulwe 
dekhutu hw yujeqon ko utuje fiusrut seju- 
lutuhw onktuhtjunsoz senuhenduriu 

sumondur se tert pwdutj hw kyon del 
men to ug lugutu hw wr sumondur bht tert 
en Jiurukuton se nuhtn jurmutu del men to 
jojulun dultu hw yeh teru qodor nuhtn bulke 
yeh gonuh ruho ku hw jo tojhe negulkur 
chol detu hw tojhejo ube huyutku cujmu 
kuhtehwn wedtwunehwn 

fieyulmenoske beqururtse yebutenkur 
ruhu thu ke kest mont ne do cele oske pus 
bheje rujune sonteht boluleyu ondonon 
ne uses dt ruju ne dundwut kur uobhugut 
kt tub we bole 

benu kunn bun sonu hw humure yuhun 

horn hotu hw deo unkur iulul kurte hwn yeh 

yurz money on ne kt hw woh up ht odhur 

june ku erudu rukhtu thu yeh but sonkur 

buhot jud hou wr fiojt fwst ttr o kumun 



sukontulu nutuk 31 

huth men lekur tup bun men guyu ukheyon 
ke rukhwule kurne lugu btrog oske del men 
sukontulu kubuihu tubbunmenosedhon- 
dhne neklu 

uzbuski gurmt he din the jub dopuhur 
ko soruj tupne lugu oske del men yeh soc 
hou sukontulu mudhomulene nuddt ke ku- 
nure es kule dhop men khule hoge 
jub es dug se osku senujulu 
nuutosetub ugeculu 
dhondhte dhondhtejo os turuf gozur hou 
dekhu ke tulubon men kunwulphel ruhe hun 
hur hur phol pur bhwnre mundlute wr 
gonjte hun 

huwu ihundht ihundht cule hu wuhun 
juhun tuk kejue nuxur hie sumun 
morbol ruhe hun koyulhokruhehu du- 
rufiton ke ghunt ghunt duleyun jhokjhok 
ruhe hun guhre guhre chunw chu ruhe hu 
kunwul ke putteyon ke sej bechukur sukon- 
tulu leie hu pur wegoyu tumum kunte hun 
jo tule beche hun ek kurwul ose cun nuhen 

beruh ke durd se bekule hu durde sur se 
sundul muthe pur lugu hu sukheyun kun- 
wul ke putteyon kupuykhu bunu heluteyun 
hun ugurce suMt betub hu pur nuzukut se 
buhunu kurte hu kubhe dhop ke tupej se 



32 sukontulu nuiuh 

kubhesomomkejeddutse geluhw sukheyon 
se Us pur bhe chepute hie bekule del ke zu- 
bun pur nuhen lute hubhekuhtehie gurme 
se meru yujnb ufiwulhwjuyulse delwuhsut 
kurtu hw wr je meru nehuyut dnrtn hw 
sukhtyon se woh yon huh ruht the etne men 
wuhun rujuue jedhur se yeh dudu utt bht 
odhurhunlugue neguh jub os pur he dek- 
hu Itbus budun ku mwlu gerebun buruye 
gol surusur cuk tun pur jumt hoejuyul 
he Muk lub fiojk cujm tur ujk urguwune 
cehru zuyufurunt be tub bequrur foerun 
puresun Muter yujub ufiwul se nulu o zuri 
hurte hw ruju he del men yeh ue ubhe ese 
dekhue nu dije puhle eshe sub buten son leje 
yeh kuhkur goke ruju on durufiton he ojhul 
hhulu thu pur suhontulu suhheyon se upne 
del he lug xuher nu hurte the 

unosoyu ne joy ordure se duryuft hurhe 
kuhu kejes den se woh bun ku rukkwulu 
monk dekhukur pher nu uyu ose den se to 
hunsnu bholgue wr den rut odus ruhte hie 

hurcund he utuje hejr sejulte hie pur 
jurm he mure koch nuhen kuhte preyum-* 
vuduoske ye buten son ufsoskur sukontulu 
se wujeguf bhed pochne luge he sewu hu- 
mure tomhure yuhun kot wr nuhen hum se 
hyon durde del chepuyu hie 



snkontnlu nuiuk 33 

udwule dele zur ko In ub to zubunpur 
buqtnuhtnkoch uthwgufd tertjunpur 
pus june de nb kum nu to jurm kofurmu 
rukh mohre tfwnoJt nu tub o kum o duhunpur 

gokt nuhtn kuhtt to pur yeh cusme tur 
ruye zurd wr uhe surd jo to dum budum 
bhurtthw tumumujuryejqke entwronse 
xuhtr hwn dufugur to zubun se buyun kure 
to juyud koch hum se tudbtr ho osku hum 
yeluj kuren tern yeh ruy dekhhur jun men 
jun humurt bht nuhtn del ghubrute hwn 
ho j o fiuwus olejute hwn ronu culu utu hw 
dum neklujutu hw fiodu he wuste nudun 
mut ho upne hosn ojuwunt ho dekh hyon 
tfuk men upne tutn melutt hw 

jo koch hum ko kuhnu thu hum ne kuhu 
nuekburub bulke wohburhu 

ek ro ro buluen lett tht dosrt dudqe ho 
ho jun dett tht dekh dekh onku monk woh 
utnu ro jo surupu dwrut kt Juki bun gut 
tht dume surd bhurkur kuhne lugt torn 
donon mertjun se zeyudu yuztz ho wr sei- 
se punw tuluk yuql o ho J o tumtz ho kyu 
kuhon mwn wr kyu sonon mwn jo koch mert 
jun pur gozurtt hw ose dodu yu meru del 
ht juntu hw hurcund ke torn mert dokh 



34* sukontulu nutuk 

jureh ho lehen es wuste nuhtn huhte he eh 
to mun up murte hon tespur torn donon ho 
bht holhuon 
gozurte hujo hoch gozurne do mojhpur 
yeh sonte he onhon ne upne gtrebun cuh 
htye wr dukpur hur eh ne upne tuenpuiuh 
pniuh dtyu wr huhne lug tn humure zest 
tere dum he suth hu jub tereyth fiuluthoe 
humjehu/r kyu hur eye 

tub woh wr be/iuwus hoe cur o nucur bu- 
yunhurneluge jubsesorutdekhukur guyu 
hu woh bun hu ruhkwulu tub se zufimjegur 
ku mere hu ulu hul ehpul nuhenpulte del 
ho behule sejunlubonpururuhehu Juki 
oshe uyhhon he potleyon men pule phirte 
hu yu to ose kese dorut se dtkhuo yu mere 
zest se huth oihuo hoch wr huhne nupue 
the he ujk he uyhhon men yeh togyune hoe 
dum bund ho guyu heche lug gue 
dum bufiodhokepher hoe fiumoj 
suhheyon ne ose duk se oihu huth monh 
dholu buhot delusu tusulle dekur kuhu sub 
urzoen Ruler iiouh tere ubhe buruten hun 
ucche wuqt to ne upne ruze del se uguh keyu 
wohruju bunhuruhhwulujeshecuhutse 
tere yeh hulut bune hu ose neguh bune he 
leye ukheyon ne bolwuyu hu pher woh es 



sukontulu nuiuk 35 

tup bun men uyu hu wr ose hum ne dekhu 
hu keujur tereyejqke oskt fiulut se xuher 
hun ruhghurktbholuhu wuMmt zudu su 
phertu hu nu woh ruy rop nu woh turud 
twr hu sokhkur huniu ho guyu 

yuhun ye buten hoteyun thtn wr woh 
chepu chepu khulu sonbu thu dtdue fiusrut 
se dekh ruhu thu he woh muyujoqe yujeq 
mezuj es turufi, nujud Muter bwlht hu ht oske 
muhtubtmokhte pur uh ht huwueyun chol 
ruhtn hwn sukheyun ose buhlu buhlu huh- 
teyun hum ht humen yeh tudber sojhtt hu 
torn ose upne huth se Mutlekho sub upne dtl 
ht fiulut jo gozurtt hu zubunt qulum pur 
luo dekhtehtdutko wr mottuluyt hokur 
oske muzmont surupu durd se yuhun uwegu 
hum tugufol ho nufurmuwegu ub dhtl ts 
men mut huro buxuher woh jurmut wr 
buttn men Mo J hot phtr suhhtyon se huhu 
yth but buhot uccht hu meru bht del gu- 
wuht detu hu ytht ktyu cuheye pur yeh bht 
durhu ktugur Muttkopuihkur tugufolkure 
wr nu uwe to humen fiusrut se wr ts gurut 
se jun ht dent pule 

tub unosoyu nejuwub deyu sukontulu to 
kyon dtwunt hot hu jo usu Mtyulkurtt hu 
ghur men kot dwlut ut hot nuhtn letu wr 



36 sukontulu nuiuk 

durwuzu bund kurdetu hw jese ek cuhe ose 
dosru kyon kur nu cuhe tomhurt muftubbut 
jo ruju ho yuqtn howegt to upnt qesmut su- 
ruhegu 

woh yujeqe zur pher huhne luge yuhun 
kuguz o duwnto qulum huhun hw jo mwn 
numu lekhon tub suhheyon ne kuhu kun- 
wul ht pukhUyonpur fione del se Uhhhur 
puht dubu he huth juldt ruwunu kur 

kunwul ht putt osne hkhkur bunut wr 
suhheyon hopulh sonut onhon nejt lugu- 
hursont 

lekhu thu hum hyu yeluj kuren mehr 
tomhure del men zuru nuhtn del humuru 
nuxuron hen nuxuron men coru le guye 
pher dekhut nu deye surupu tomhuru 
burgegol se bht nuzohbur bruhmu ne bu- 
nuyu use bedurd wr suydel kyon ho yeh 
ufiwul sukontulu ne suhheyon ho sonuyu 
wr ruju durufiton se nekuluyu julwu upnu 
dekhlukur sukontulu sebolu 

juyul men mwn rut den wuhjt suphertu 
hon tomhurt mufiubbut seghur bur tujkur 
bunbust bunu hon 

jon ruju onke pus ukur ye buten kurne 
lugu we sub jud hotn sukontulu tuyuzem 



sukontulu nuiuk 37 

ko oihne luge dohlupe se nutuqut dekhkur 
rujubole yehjo fiulutnuzur ue tomhure 
raoyuf tomhen tuyuxem humure dehhknr 
yehjulnu tomhuru solug guyu sub kuleju 
humuru huth luo hum tomhure nubz dek- 
hen murzduryuftkurketudberkuren 

preyumvudu bole ucche suyut torn ue 
tomnehumure sub dokh bholue sukontulu ku 
bhe hot durd nu ruhegu dekho nubz osht 
wrjo yduj cuho kuro dekhen hum ftihmut 
tomhure 

ruju moshoruhurpusju bwihu wr sukon- 
tulu buhot jurmue donon kt ek se muhub- 
butdekhkur unosoyu ruju sebolt go keuj 
tomhen tskt cuh hw leken esku tomhure 
huth nebuh hw 

torn ruju ho ywruten tomhure yuhunuy e- 
nuthwn wsunuho ke eske olfut del sebholu 
do wr y eh June wuhedrukhte hw hoe esku 
upnu mones o gumfiwur nuhen jo kubhe 
torn es se gufel hoge wr eshe Muter nu kuroge 
pher esku kyu fiul hogu kyonkur eske zen- 
duge hoge 

etnukuhkur wohcopruhe rujunekuhu 
ufsos kemwnne eske Muter yehdulutupne 

bunue leken tomhen mere cuhut buwur nu 

h 



sukontulu nutuk 

ue torn budgomune se mere fiuqq men ye bu- 
tenhuhteho 

nu hoge hubhe hoe mojh se woh but 
johothuhegu yehhtosneghut 
huroyu del ojun espurfedu 
ruheyudtomho yehmerukuhu 
mien eske huthjub upbekguyuhen sub 
tskt certyun hoy e jub se mun ne ese dekhu 
hu ho j o qurur yuk ludtjutu ruhu hw ghur 
cholkur juyulmenphertu hon esekudhyun 
uihpuhur ruhtu hu mun esku delojunse 
yujeqe zur hon wr un un eske fiosn o udu 
pur neaur hon golum mqjhe eskujuno mere 
es but ho yuqtn muno unosoyu bole ruju 
torn ne humure del he ub dobdhu melu dt 
humurt duterjumyu hoe buhotfioj hotyun 
pher hunskur unosoyu ne preyumvudu se 
kuhu herun he bucce bhokhe hoye wr upne 
muonheturuf husrut se tukte hoye oth cut 
juldt u suhht jo onhon he muon se onhen 
meluwen 

yeh chul hurke donon sukheyun cultn tub 
fiwfkhuhur sukontulu bole tomdodusenu- 
htn durteyun jo mojhe yuhun uhelu cholhur 
juteyun ho 

we huhne lugtn torn eh ghule upnepc he 



sukontulu nuluk 39 

pus ukelt ruho wr upne upne mun kt buten 
kuho yth kuhkur donon tulgutyunphtr su- 
kontulu bht wuhun se ghubrukur otht 

rujunemoskoru osktbunh guhkur huhu 
ts dopuhur kt gurmt men soruj usu tuptu 
hw jopurundpur nuhtn mur sukte wr cu- 
rund bht rokhon kt chunw men se buhur 
nuhtn ntkulte torn oihkur yuhun se knhun 
cult ho tomhen mere pus swmp gntn hun 
jo tomhurtpyurt sukhtyun hwn jo we kum 
kuj knrtt tht% mojhe furmuo kuho to dun- 
dul ghes luon bomhurt pejunt pur luguon 
kuho to puyhhuhduon 

yth kuhkur ruju ne dhtihut kt wr huth 
pukulkur sukontulu kobtihuyu chuttoskt 
dhukdhuk kurne lugt huth lugune se oske 
buhotdurt 

fiufu ho koch ek phtr ye buten kuhtn 
muhuruj yth torn ko luztm nuhtn 
mojhemut chowo dekho munokuhu 
nuhtn Mob yth tMttlut up ku 
bup humurughur nuhtn wrubtulukbyu- 
ht bht nuhtn gut uncul bht nuhtn guhu 
ktst ne meru tomhen ukur ub kts fttyul ne 
gheru 

kuro durgozur wst buton se torn 
nupej uo ts turuftghuton se torn 



40 sukontulu nutuk 

bup merujub ghur uwegu torn se mem 
byuh kurdegu kuluyk mojhe mut luguo 
7ner t budnume dhyun men luo nu kuroye 
sewn tomhure jude tomhen mun puhle he 
qubol kur coke wr tomhure yejq he ug men 
surusur phohe julde hyon ho hurte logon 
he iuyunon se hyon nuhen durte woh bolu 
rujon he hetne honwure lulkeyun burpuknr 
gundhurv bewuh kur byuhe guen donyu 
men onke tnynrefhote hu pher upne huth 
men osku huth lehur kuhu uj se hum tom- 
hure ho coke wr torn humure ho coken hu- 
muru tomhuru gundhurv btwuh hou kunn 
mone ke duhjut dd men koch mut kuro woh 
buhob ucchu wr nipui seyunu hu teruth kur- 
kejub uwegu yeh butsonkur del osku nehu- 
yut sokhpuwegu 

jub kumdeo ne rujukobekulkeyu hum 
ke buton se os ke Aulut wr hone luge sukon- 
tulu Jurmue tub os ne ose bhenckur wsu 
luguyu goyu woh ekjun wr ek he quleb the 
hejub kupurdu durmeyun se oihu wrkume 
del hujelhou edhur senuyuz odhursetur- 
ze dojnum edhur se suwule bosu wr del ku 
hum odhur udu o nuz se hur un seskeyun 
edhur efittlul kegurmeyun es ne gulemen 
huth dulu os ncjheluk kur cholu deyu woh 






sukontulu nuiuk 41 

thundht thundht huwuen wr duruMton kt 
guhrtguhrt chuen kejuhun yeh cukor su os 
cundse mokhlepur wulu thu wr woh koyul 
st kok ruht tht iojeyun buhum ho ruhtn 
then 

es ruy rus men jum hone ko ut gwtumt 
dhondhte dhondhte wuhun wuredhoe uwuz 
osktsonkur sukheyun dwlt utnkuhuruju 
kojuld roM^ut kuro 

suhontulu nehuyutdure rujusekuhuku- 
hen torn en durufiton men chepo bou humu- 
rt gwtumt yuhunubuwegt yuhunsemojhe 
ghur ko lejuwegt mojhe phir hub dtdur 
dekhuoge nb koch nejunt upnt detejuo jo 
ose hum dekhkur tusullt del ko den 

jub yeh sukontulu nehutkuht rujukeuyk- 
hon men unsobhurue nejuntose upntuyo- 
iht de etne men gwtumt pus ut uwuz os ke 
punwktsonkur rujudurudton ktulmenho 
guyu suhontulu buhot rokkur ser monh lu- 
pel let ruht gwtumt ne ose oihuyu wrpoch- 
ne lugt koch tere del kt ghubruhui ghuit 
yu nuhtn tub os ne yeh but kuhe koch durd 
wr huzhu huth pukulkur osku woh sthun 
ko lecult 

jub suhontulu upne mukun men gut ruju 
ko dokh ke sumondur men thuh nu melejes 



sukontulu nutuk 

j>uguh sukontulu ke suth muze oihue the woh 
pher wuhun uyu wr Mule sej kunwul kcput- 
teyon ke dekh Mure jodut del men khuluk- 
ne luge beruh ke tup sejulne lugu wr del ht 
dd men yon kuhne 

kyukuron kedhurjuon kyonkurkulpule 
mojhe yeh dokh upnu kese sonuonpher kes 
Juki se ose dekhne puen jyonjyon woh sej 
sovit dekhtu thu tyon tyon nuyu durde dd 
donubulhtu bhu edhurrujukedelmenmu- 
hubbutnegumbuihuyu odhur se money on 
ne yon jor mucuyu muhuruj ne humurt 
kyon sodh bhelut jedhur tedhur se deo dete 
hwn dtkhut wr dekhe se onhon ktpurchutn 
humurejugnyu men Mulul pultu hw 

money on ne mennuto zurt sejub yeh but: 
kuhe wohberogtjorujuthu sonkur wuhun 
dwiuguyu pher os bun men rukhwule kurne 
lugu 

wrufiwul sukontulu ku sono gwtumt osku 
huth pukle hoe to mukun men lut pur os se 
beruhkudurdbhurtnuothuyuguyu sodh 
bodh upnt hholu dt sukheyon ku suth Mo J 
nu uyu ukelt bwthkur unsowon ku menh 
bursuyu wr benu dekheupne petum ke zuru 
bht kulnu putt ek ek ghult osko ek ek bur us 
the 



r 



suhontulu nutuk 43 

uzbuske woh osht nuxron men sumuyu 
thu tumumjuhun uyhhon men sonu nuxur 
utu thu jub koch ho J men utt ruju kt uyoi- 
ht dekh pher beftuwus hojutt sone mukun 
men sirjhokue hoe soc men bwiht wr mu- 
nund nuqjipu he hwrut zudu hokur nuju- 
guhsehiltt nuhuhtnoihtt osne puhul dokh 
ku sir pur olhuyu jis turufijun se bndun 
Mule ho wwsu fiulbunuyu 

knron wr hyu osht /iulutruqum 
ke yujez hot yuhun zubune qulum 

woh ose tusuwwor men upntjun lugue bw- 
iht the hi dorbusu eh tikhi wuhun uyu deh- 
hu os ne he yih munmure hist he dhyun men 
morde hi dulut bunue bwiht hw 

Mubur din o donyu hi ruhhtt nuhtn 
houhyu iodujune oshetuin 

tuhqtq hi osht yiht Jorut tht nu zikhi ke 
oseune se uguht hot nu uyhh oihuhur ose 
dehhu hi yih hwn hw wr huhun se uyu hw 
nu bistur bwihne ho diyu nu hoch tuyuxtm 
o tuwuzoyu hi woh dil men upne buhotrohu 
wr fmfu hohur huth oihu yon surupu hi sur- 
upu teru utuji yijq sejulegu wrjis he dhyun 
men to bwiht hw woh ten fiubur nu legu 



44 sukontulu nuiuk 

yeh surup dekur zekhetowuhun se culupur 
osmuhwe fieyulejunun ne nujunu kewoh 
hub uyu thu wr hub guyu buddoyu oske 
sonkur donon sukheyun dwleyun wr juld 
dorbusu mone ke pus ueyun onhon ke del 
men oske surupne se bulu dur hou 

uzbuske onhon ko sukontulu se muhubbut 

nehuyut the, sumujh bojhkur mennut o zu- 

rebuhotke punw pur ger pubeyun huihon 

kojolkur boleyun etnu gojju tomhure lutq 

nuhen wr yehjo oske tuqser hw ose moyuf 

kuro torn duryu kurum ke ho ospurmehr- 

buntkuro osebuddoyujokehw budleoske 

nek doyu do yeh yujezt humure qubol ho 

jwse yeh kunn ke bete hw wwse tomhure hw 
donon sukheyon nejub ye buten kuhen 

dorbusu koonke mennut kurne se ruftm uyu 

kuhu kejo uyotheruju ese deguyuhw jub 

woh ose dekhegu tuboseyudkuregu 

yeh kuhkur os doyue bud ko rudd kurke 

woh culu guyu sukheyun Mo J hoeyun pher 

upus men boleyun jo koch mone ne eske Aul 

se Mubur de hw jhoth nu hogt os se kese tu- 

ruft uyoihe leyu cuheye ke kuhen kho nu de 

jub woh ruju ke yud men beefiteyur hoge 

tub ose hum dekhuweye es bhed se humen 



snkontulu nutuk 45 

tomhtn wuqef hwn osse xuher mut knro ose 
wr gum hogu kest turnftjttt nu ruhegt 

ye upus men buten kurke snkontulu ke 
pus utn dekhu keferuq ne oskt yth sorutbu- 
nut hw nu koch uykhon se sojhtu hw nu 
koch kunon se sontt hw be&odtudwtr kt Juki 
ho gut hw is turn ft se oskt wqutgoznrtt hw 

nu woh nor se den ke uguh hw 
tuduwwormen oske wuht muh hw 
nu koch jub kt turtktpur hw nnxur 
wuht Juki hw dhyun menjulwugur 

ngurce os ne upnt yth fiulut bunut pur 
ruju ko oskt koch yud bht nu ut money on 
ne ose roMjut ghnr ko kur deyu thu woh 
upne ruj men mujgol thu dorbusu %ekhe kt 
bud doyu ne ust tujtr kt tht ke ruju ne 
oskt sortbholu dt 

koch denon snkontulu ne est turufi modt- 
but knit pher fiumul nnmod hou nu ose 
koch bhutu thu nu koch do J utu thu denbu- 
den sokhtjutt tht budun surulzurdhouju- 
tu thu nuquhutwrsostt guleb hott tht pech- 
It buten yud kur roro kuhtttht ke ruju to 
ne humurt olfut bholut jukur wr kest se 
uykh lugut 



46 sukontulu nuluk 

ts dulutmen yukuyuk ttruth nuhun kur 
kunn mont unpuhonce wr woh onhen dekh- 
kur /hum&l ke subub nehuyut jurmut wr 
montjub horn kurne lugu ug men se tub yth 
uwuzut ktyuhunrujudofmuntuyu sukon- 
tulu se gundhurv btwuh kur guyu est den 
se esepei ruhu ug se yth judu sonkur mont 
dtl men buhot Mo J hou wr wohjubhom kur- 
coku sukontulu koboluyu str sepunw tuluk 
lujue hoe wr ntholue hoe woh ut mont ne 
upnepuhlomenbtihuyu wrbuhotsuruhu 

phtr kuhne lugu to ne mojhe ts se buhot 
Ros ktyu wr bultfurugut bufijt ktjuhun 
mun tert judt ktyu cuhtu thu wuhtn to ne 
gundhurv btwuh ktyu ub bun men ukelu ru- 
hoyu dob A tojhe sosrul ko bhejoyu 

woh Jurmue wr sukhtyun buhot odus ho- 
en sukontulu sukhtyon ke cthre ts gum se 
otre hoe dekhkur uykhon men unso bhur 
lut 

etne men rut tumum hot wr dtn ntklu ose 
nuhluyu dhotuyu wrjttnt ztkhtyon ht yw- 
ruten thtn mtlne ko utyun ghere hoe bwtht- 
yun uses ose dett thtn kttomupnedolheke 
pyurt ruho dekh dekh tomhen swtentom- 
hurt duh kt ug menjultt ruhen torn sokh ke 



sukontulu nuiuk 47 

munder men humeju busty o use usepyur 
eMuskebutenkuh doyuende wrbuluenle- 
kurrofauthoho upne upne mukun kogu- 
eyun sewu en donon snkheyon ke sukontu- 
lu he pus wr hot nu ruhu gwtume wr wuhe 
do sukheyun kum faedmutoske buju luteyun 
then jodue ke koe dum menjo ghuit hou 
cuhte the yeh sockur sukontulu ke uykhon 
men unsobhur ue tub gwtume nepyurmu- 
flubbub se upne godt men beihu kuyhe kur 
muynekul zolfenbunu colegondhewrsuk- 
hey on nepholon kehur dulbuddhepuhnut 
wr huhne lugeyun 

kes se huhen kuhun se luwenjo bunu sun- 
wurguhnu ese ser sepunwbuluhpuhnuwen 
es nudure se unso uykhon men bhur ue 

suhheyonpur yeh ftulut bhe he do lulke ke- 
se mone ke ue kuhu he hum /iuje frudv wr uc- 
che ucche guhne wr seyur he cezen lue wr 
uge rukhkur kuhu he koch soc mut kuro ese 
puhnuo sukheyun buhob Rqj hoeyun kuhu ke 
yeh kuhun se uyu onko ucumbhe men dekh- 
kur celon ne xuher heyu humen kunn mone 
ne bheju thu he torn bun menjukur phol 
phul sukontulu keleye tolluo humjogue 
to wuhun wr hegutdekhe muyulom hou ke 
yehgorokutusurrofhu kekuhen sender ku 



48 sukontulu nutuk 

htn kujul puyu kuhen muhuwur wr pun 
pue wr bun dteoton ne durufiton se huth nt- 
kul guhnu kuple humen dtye 

gwtumt cogent nek ihuhru we soke culkt- 
le huple wr guhnu puhnuyu sukhtyon ne 
muy men sender bhur kujul uykhon men de 
punwon men muhuwur lugu pun khtlue 

ts ruy se bunt bunut jub tuluk wr styur 
sukhtyon ne ktyu tub tuluk kunn mont nu- 
hukur uyu sukontulu jodut ke gum sejo be- 
tube beqururt kur ruht tht dekhkur ose bu- 
hotghubruyu jt rondh guyu uykhon men 
unso bhur luyu Muttrt nujudse kuhne lugu 
tun mun becwnhw yth dokhsuhujutunu- 
htn wr ub bugwr ts ke bun men ruhujutunu- 
htn tse bht mert mofuruqut se tub nuhtn 
jurm se koch bol nuhtn suktt yujub soc men 
susdur khult hw jt nuhtn sumbhultu unso 
uykhon sejurt hun ts turuh sosrul ko cult 
hw osktjodut se mere bunbustyon ko yth 
gum hou hw jwse donyuduron ko modtbut 
hott hw 

mont oskt olfutse ye buten kur ruhu thu 
kt sukontulu bup ku yth hul dekhkur be tM- 
ttyur ho rone lugt mont ne pyur se unso 
ponchkur osegule se luguyu wr ttntbutzu- 
bunpur luyu bus ub mut ro jt ko upne be- 



sukontulu nutuk 49 

tub hokur nu hho tern es dum ronu dob nu- 
htn pherhuho gwtumt to ese hyon nuhen 
sumjhutt yehjo ro ruht hu ese munyu kur 
yeh uccht suyuthw ubht ese suth lekurju 
pher upne do celon ho bht bolu sukontulu he 
suth june ho moqurrur heyu 

gwtumt ne delusu delburt se sumjhuyu 
wr up bht suth hot unso uyhhon seponchtt 
wr heckeyun lett hot woh sosrul ho cult tub 
subjuyul he durufiton wrjunwuron se mont 
nepokur pohuv kuhu tomhurepholne seyeh 
Aojhotttht wrbehultsubjuttruhtttht wr 
jub tuluk tomhen yeh nu stctt tht punt bht 
nupttt hyureyun wr thule den bhur bunutt 
jo es turufi tomhurt Medmut kurtt tht sono 
ub woh sosrul cult hu 

jub mont ne duruMton se yeh but huht tub 
duruiiton pur hoyulon ne kok mucut wejo 
hoktt then goyudurufitnulu o zurt hurte the 
yeh jorej wr upne on durudton ho dekh dekh 
woh unso bhur lutt tht wr suhhtyon se huhtt 
cultjutt tht ugurce ruju ht olfut mere del 
men sumut hw pur es bun ht bht huwu mere 
jt sejutt nuhtn upne huthon ht durufit lu- 
gue hoe dekhkur chutt bhurt utt hw mwn 
to cult purenhen tomhen swnpe jutt hon 
ro rokur sukheyun bol othtyun to humen kes 



50 sukonhdu nuiuk 

leye swnpejute hw en durufiton ho ben tere 
kwn dekhegu wr kese fiuwus uweye nuluo 
zure upus men hole the wr sukheyon he cu- 
hutse ro rohurjun upne hhote the kemone 
ne pher ose sumjhuyu tub sukontulu uge 
punwbuihuyu 

jodueseoske bunnefiukolue mornucnu 
bhole hernon ne subze huphernu curnu cho- 
1u cukuron ne odhur se monh molu purun- 
don he hoj oze bhwnre gonjnu bhole wrjetne 
junwur the subhonpur os bun menoduse chu 
gue juyul he ruhnehuron ho behuwuse ugue 
jub woh hos eh wuhun se uge buzhe tub 
mone ne yeh but kuhe den buhob culh guyu 
hw ubyuhunseeserofijuthui'o wr torn up- 
ne upne ghur pher culo jo koch sumjhunu 
hw ub yuhen sumjhu lo ugejunu monuseb 
nuhen 

hese kojodue guwuru nuthe . 

quluq se hur eh hu nehultu thuje 
mone ne sumbhul sumbhul subhon ho wu- 
hun ruhhu pher upne celon se kuhu ruju 
dqfmunthosumjhuhe humuru sundesude- 
jo hum tomhure pqjne he lueq hwn wr torn 
humure sewuh ho sukontulu humure beie 
hw eseje sepyurujunnu humentomnemu- 
kun men nu une deyu up he jude hur le ub 



snkontnlu nuiuk 51 

wsu ktjojo snkontnlu urum se rnhe kyon ke 
iske becwnt se hnmen cwn nu hogu rujn ko 
yth pwgum deknr snkontnlu ke turn nudt- 
ftut knrne Ingu sus nnnd ke khtdmnt knrnu 
fiuwindke ifflud men onktfuvmun bur dure 
nn bholnu swton men htlt milt rnhnu npnu 
bhed knbhe nn knhnu upne qtsmut pur 
mugrernu hojo fiuwtndke hokm men ruht- 
yo wsu hum ktjo joghur buhur ke log tojhe 
nekbudt kuhen mun nejo yth nujehut ke 
hw tse dtl men yudrukhnu hnmen nb roM- 
jutde humnpnebunkojuwen wr sukhtyon 
ko bhe wtduy kur gwtumt ko suth le 

woh tbnu sonkur mom kegule se lug rone 
luge tub osne dtlusu de rofaut ktyu phtr 
sukhtyon se mtlkur roe tub onhen sump 
dorbusu mont ku yuduyu 

unosoyu ne cutrue sekuhu rujon ko ruj 
kuj ke subnb yud buhot kum ruhti hw wr 
moddut bhi gozre myudwoh tert yudbhol 
guyu ho uyolhejo tojhe de guyu hw ost ko 
to ruju ko dtkhunu woh upne ntmnt dekh 
bhole olfutyudkuregu pur is uypihe kt bu- 
hot se Muburdure knrnu wsu nu ho kuhen 
gtrjue 

yth sonkur snkontnlu son ho gut phir 
sukhtyon se kuhu torn nejo mojhe yth but 




52 sukontulu nutuk 

sonut eskumunbhednuhtnputt torn ne but 
buhotbedhub kuht merudddhulukbuhu 

sukhtyonnekuhudekh dopuhur dtnuyu 
hu humenrofidutkur tobhtugepunwdhur 
gwtumt wr we donon cele ukhe ke suth suth 
gue yesubghurkopherue ptchephtr phir 
donon turufse upus men dekhtejute the 

sukhtyun kuhtt uttyun humen os benu bun 
sonu dtkhut detu hu huthon ho mulkur 
pher yon boltn ub duruftton ht ol men su- 
kontulu dtkhut nuhtn dett 

es turufi, mont to sukhtyon ko suth le mu- 
kun men uyu wr sukontulu jub ugegut ek 
bulub ruh men dekhu pyus ke jtddut se tu- 
lub ke kunure guyt punt ptkur pyus bo- 
jhut pur ekpulmen yeh bulu guzub hou ke 
uyotht oylt men se ntkulkur punt men gtr 
pule wr ose koeh sodh nu ruht wuhun se 
othke donon celon ke suth suth ruju ke yu- 
hun puhonct woh Mulwut men thu deolh t 
purjukur celon ne Mubur dt fiojon ne onkt 
zubunt yurz kt kt muhuruj kunn mont ne 
do cele bheje hun wr suth onke doywruten 
kur dtn hun tkjo on menjuwun hu so upkt 
nuzr ke Itye hu 

num ywruton ku sonkur ruju ko ucum- 
bhuuyu buhotfckroundejemenguyu wr 



sukontulu nutuk 53 

dtwune yum men nekul uyu mont ke celon 
koboluyu ugecele ptchegwtumt tesptche 
sukontulu es turuh sub ke sub ue 

ruju ne bule ytzzub sepus boluyu wr su- 
kontulu jurm se goyu zumtn men gule jute 
the purghoyhulkeyekhwiethe kumbutfte 
jo ue to duhnt uykh oskt phulukne luge 
wuswus oske del men hou he dodu Mur kure 
dekhon kyu hotu hu es bud jog one se oshu del 
buhot holhu jub gwr hurke sukontulu ho 
ruju dekhne lugu eh tuyujjob su ose hou up- 
ne del men kuhu yeh kwn hu wr kuhun se ut 
money on nebunmen kyonkurput hochsum- 
jhu nuhtnjutu ese yuhun kyon lue 

yeh beeur ruju nejubupnedelmenkeyu 
tub mont ke celon ne ujtrbud deyu ruju ne 
musnud se oturkur onhen dundwutkt wr 
sub hum upne cholkur onhon kt iur o yu- 
feyutpocht kuhu tomhure bunbuseyon kt 
kyu Mubur hu tomhure gore bhule cuye hun 

we cutrut kurke bole muhuruj ke ruj men 
usu dokh ku num nu ruhujuse soruj kt roj- 
nt se undherujuturuhe jenkt doyu se log 
humeju sulumutruhen on zekheyouktkhem 
kosulhum kyu kuhen muhuruj kepus hum 
ue hun yeh sundesu gore ku lue hun junt 
hum ne sub muhubbut tomhurt wrsukon- 

k 



54 sukontulu nuiuk 

tulu hu yeh belt humure jogundhurv bewuh 
torn neyuhun key m yeh sonkur humnebo- 
runuhenmunu muhurujmenjetnegonhun 
otne he sukontulu men bhe hu humureje ne 
buhot sokh puyu fiodu ne bhulu sunjog bu- 
nny u wr yeh pel se hu sonkur juldyuhun 
bheju sukontulu koupne pus rukho humne 
mone ku sundesu kuh deyu sukontulu ko 
hum ne yuhunpuhoncuyu humen ub rodjut 
huro 

dorbusu mone ke surup se ruju to oskt 
lurufse gufel thu kuhne lugu torn mone ke 
cele bule cutre ho ye buten kyu kuhte ho su- 
kontulu se kes ne jude ke mun ese nuhtn 
juntu 

ye buten os se sonkur cele to buhot fiufu 
hoe wr sukontulu befiuwusho del men kump- 
ne luge ruju ke bedhurme se donon cele rok- 
kur bole muhuruj koch torn dhurum koju- 
no usu Heyulefusid del men mut luo tub to 
byuh ktyu chul ke kur ghuten ub torn kuh- 
ne luge ye buten sue hu ke ruju wuht kurte 
hun kejoonkejemenutuhu wrktsekudurd 
nuhenjunte 

yeh kuhkur cele cop ruhe wr gwtumeghu- 
brukur sukontulu ko sumjhuneluge ekdum 
jurm ko choi ruju ko monk dtkhlu tern 
monk dekhkur ose sodh uwege 



sukontnlu nuiuk 55 

yeh kuhkur sukontnlu hu ghoyhui khol- 
wuyu ruju ho osku monh dekhluyu dehh- 
kur os ne tub bhe hun nuh hoch nu he dumb 
zudu su ruhguyu tub mont he celon ne 
jhonjhluhur kuhu muhuruj hoch dd men 
soco sumujh bojhhur humenjuwub do 

ruju bole mun ne buhol der tuk gwr se nu- 
xur ht juffte men to muyulom mugur Mwub 
men bhe hubht Juki es he nuhen dehhe mere 
es he jo torn lugun lugute ho hyon nu ftuqq 
huluyh cuihute ho humul se yeh ywruthest 
tor he hu mwn upne ghur men rune bunu- 
hur hyonhur rukhon we donon cele utust 
guzub menjule pher ruju se yon huhne luge 
use butenjo torn zubun pur lute ho mone 
logon se ftwfdel men nuhen hurte hunn mu- 
hu monejub Mufu hogu tomhuru uhwul hu- 
ho hyuhogu 

en buton se ruju ho duruhur pher buhot 
goddu hurhe sukontulu se bole tub hese se to 
ne nu pochu up he gundhurv bewuh heyu 
jwsu heyu oshu wwsu he muzu cukhhu monh 
upnukhol ruju se hoch bol jurmkupurdu 
rod se olhuhur woh bole muhuruj yeh ret 
hyuhw esmenbuluxolmhotuhu tomhure 
huth hyu uwegu kes leye mojhe ywb lugute 
ho tub to puhle hum ne tomhen usu nujunu 



56 sukontnlu nuiuk 

jo kochtom ne kuhu sub hum ne munu tub 
wwst chulkt kurghuten ub torn kuhteho kyu 
ye buten rofisut hote torn ne dt tht uyoiht es 
se mun nuhtn hon tomhure ugejholht wr 
ugekyubhedbutuon kuho to wuht uyotht 
dtklnuon 

sukontulu yeh huhkur cop ruht ruju ne 
phtr yon but huht yeh torn ne butnyuo ke 
he ub tuk kyon nu uyotht dt jo mun uyoiht 
upnt dekhon to tomhen succujunon 

tub os neghubrukur neguh kt uyoiht huth 
men nu put ruy cehreku zurdhou bequrur 
hokur hue hue mucut woh fiurut se gwtumt 
kt turufdekhne lugu sukontulu tub jurmm- 
du hot 

ruju ne hunskur yeh butkuht treyu curetr 
hum kunon sonte the souyhhon dekhe mun 
ne tojhe hub dt tht uyoiht ust but kyon kuhtt 
hwjhoiht gwr rundt se hum ne kubht molu- 
qutnuhtn kt tomhurufun yuhun nu culegu 

jub woh ruju ke dtl se yonbholt tubjhon- 
jhlukur yeh bolt qesmut ne born den mojh 
ko dekhuyu jes turuft se cuhu nuc nucuyu 
nuhtnhw uyotht kyumiendekhuon kuho to 
koch wr tomhenbhedbutuon hum tomjo bun 
men buten cuhutkt kur ruhe the wr kyu kyu 
omuhe delon men bhur ruhe thejo ek htrun 



sukontulu nutuk 57 

ku buccu wuhun uyu torn ne ose kts ktspyur 
se boluyu jub woh wuftsi bhugu rum kurke 
pus nu uyuphtr wuhun durke jub mwn ne 
ose boluyu tub woh dwlu uyu 

torn ne hunskur kuhu mojhko torn donon 
bunbust ho htrun ku buccu ruhtu hw suth 
tomhure bhugehwythsuyesehumure yth 
huhhur torn ne hunsi mucui ub woh sodh 
bodh sub he bholut 

yth sonkur bhi ose koch yud nu uyu use 
hi buten phtr woh zubunpur luyu lit dugu 
se miihi miihi buten hurhe rundi dtl mur- 
don ku chin leti hw wsi buten kur ruhi hw 
goyujhoih kuhin cho nuhinguyu 

tub dufu hokur gwtumi ne kuhu muhuruj 
torn thuihol ho hum bunbusi hwn buten bu- 
nu kyujunen kupul kuhun sihhi hum nebun 
men dugu hoti hw rujon ke mun men 

yth kuhkur gwtumi cop ruhi phtr ruju 

bolu yuql sobhuo se hoti hw koyul cutrui 

kurke unde kuwwe kejhonjh men de uti hw 

jub woh setu hw wr bucce ntkulkur bule hote 

hwn tub upnesuth suth Ityephtrti hw 

rujunejubwsikulikuhi sukontulu iufu 

ho boll ure be insuf to kyu kuhtu hw to ne 

mojh se ki ihugi tub mwn ne tojhe thug nu 

junujo to ne kuhu so mwn ne munu yth kuhu 



58 sukontulu nutuk 

wr str ntcu kur Ityu uykhon se unsowon kt 
wstjhuit lugut pulmurte men os ne nuddt 
buhut tub fiufu hokur dononceleossekuhne 
luge joroyw olfutmen to ne ktst ko nujutuyu 
jwsu ktyu osku ub wwsu muzupuyu bugwr 
tmtthun heye uMur ytht suzu hott hw 

sukontulu se kuhkur phtr ruju se kuhu son 
lo ub yon but humurt bhult bore yth ywrut 
hw tomhurt cuho tse rukho cuho nekul do 
hum se koch mutkuho 

pher huth pukub gwtumt ku donon cele 
ghur kophtr cule tub sukontulu bht rote hot 
onkeptche yth kuhtt cult torn ne bht cholu 
wrrujunebht ubmwnbejurmbekuskuhun 
juon mojhe torn cholkurjo ub cule ho mwn 
doytjun upnt gum se ro ro 

• nu kot monts o gumfior mtru hw 
hw ek del so bulu men mobtulu hw 

we ftufu hokur bole w kumbuMt to tdhur 
kuhun utt hw ub kurjo tere dd ko ucchu luge 
jwsu ruju kuhtu hw ugur to wwst ht hw to 
mont ust lulkt ho kyu kuregu wrjo sue hw 
tern kuhnu to luztm hw tojhe pt ke ghur 
ruhnu mont ke yuhunjo tojukur ruhegt to 
tojhe surt donyukuluykluguwegt joupnt 
fiuwendkt Iwndt bht hokur ruhegt tw bht 
tojhpwf hunst nu hogt 



sukontulu nuluk 59 

yth kuhkur cele cule tub ruju ne onhon ho 
pokuru kuhun ise chozejute ho is he bup ho 
lejukur swmpo celon ne phirkurjuwub nu 
dtyu 

we cule gue ythbuhurrottruhgut 
yth osht btput dehhhur somruj porohit ne 
turs hhu ruju he pus ukur kuhu lulkujub 
tuh is se howe tub tuluk yth ruhe ugur torn- 
huru betu hogu sub rujon ku ruju hogu turn- 
um pundit pokure kuhte hum 

jub yth luzkujunegt wr lucchun rujon he 
osmenpuejuweye toosesuccujunnu wrup- 
ne muAulmen dudtl kurnu jo es men yejw- 
hurt zuttpue nujuen to kunn mone he ghur 
bhejdenu mone wr zikht logon ht bud doyu 
se log behoj ho jute hun wr sump mcin ese 
sodh men ute hun tub ptche puctute hun 

ythsonkur rujunekuhu hurojotomhure 
dd men uwe yth Aokm ruju se lehur sukon- 
tulu se kuhu to humureghur cul 

cele to is turuh choz gue ruju ne yon cho- 
1u sukontulu rote hot somruj he suth cult it- 
ne men eh ug ku joyulupudu hou wr sukon- 
tulu se lipulkur oihu zumtn se usmun pur 
leguyu 

woh joyulu osht mu tht ktjtsku num me- 
nukupurt kuhte hun woh in buton sejulbul 



60 sukonlulu nuluk 

kur ose yon legut jub well bejlt st cumuk- 
kur nuxronsegutbhot tubporohetrujupus 
dwlu uyu 

kuhu muhuruj tuyujjob kt buthu eh u- 
cumbhu dekhu mwn ne upnt uyhhon se un- 
sowon kt mulu perott hot wohjnb mere suth 
cult wr be edteyur hokur huhne lugtmun 
bekus hon meru hot nuhtn tub eh ug ku jo- 
yulu su uyu wr ose usmunpur leguyu 

yeh sonhur ruju ne fioj hokur kuhu hum 
nepuhle ht osepuhcunu thu Modu ne uccht 
but kt yeh kuhkur porohet upne ghur ho 
uyu ruju oihkur upne sone ke mukun men 
guyu 

tub bht ose sortnu ut lektn del menfekr- 
mund hou rutktntnd den kt bhohhjutt 
ruht nehuyutodusruhnelugu wrjouyolht 
sukontulu ne tulub men geru dt tht ose kest 
dhtnwur nepuyu wr buzur men becne legu- 
yu jwhureyonnerujukunum khodu dekh- 
hur osecorjunhurpuklu kotwulkeyuhun 
lejukur qwdkurwu deyu 

kotwul ne ose muru bundhu wrpochu to 
ne yth uyotht kyonkur corut wr kuhun se 
put wr kes turuh se tere huth ut os ne kuhu 
jufieb mun ne nuhtn corut mugur tulub 
men seput jul mun ne tulub men dulu thu 



sukontulu nuluk 61 

os men lug ut yeh sonkur uyotht le kotwul 
ne chol deyu wr ruju he pus u uyotht dek- 
hut tub osko sukontulu kt yud ut uyotht 
huth w>en lete he durdne del menghur htyu 
urum curt yuklufitjutu ruhu rone lugu ser 
pur donon huth mur hue hue kur pokuru 
fiojtnumho nuruht del men socne lugu his 
se huhen yeh mien ne kyu heyu upne gule 
pur chort dt woh dost mere pus ut the mun 
nedojmuntht mojhserukhtnugut tub to 
bhol guyu thu ub we sub buten yud ueyun 
osne tofiejub hupurdu durmeyun se oihukur 
subbhed butuyu thu tub bht mere del men 
koch nu uyu edhur se mien ne os nuzntn ho 
cholu odhur se we cele ose chol gue jor 
kurke ruh men woh rone luge tub bht mu- 
Hubbutmere del men nu ut ub kuntujodut 
hudelmenhhuikehw chuttphuttt suns dura 
budum ulhe hw 

jub se kotwul ne lu uyoiht dt tub se yujub 
fmlutosfurumos kur pur hone lugt del men 
durd ruy zurd nudenkobhokh nurutho 
ntnd zurt wr beqururt se surokur burug se 
rug bht fioj nu utu uih puhur durde del se 
kurhutu thu 

ugurjontondenkuitu to rut nu kuitt wr 
rutkuttu todennukuitu rujuke es gum se 

I 



6% sukontulu nutuh 

jude juhreyon he ddon se use jute ruhe ke 
koe fioje ku fieyul bhe nu lutu lulkon ne 
khelnu bholu deyu thu juwunon ke fiuluten 
bolhon se budtur ho gueyun then kese helub 
se hunst umu nu the hur eh he monh pur 
oduse chu ruhe the 

wohjo sokh ku denewulu ruju sukontulu 
ke dokh ke duryu men dobguyu thu runde 
murd ke ddon se urum rum kur guyu thu 
budle gum ke tumum Juhr men chu ruhe the 
fioje bekur the foruqzudu 7nuhuruj ke ruj 
men busuntrot ke umudzuru bhe kuhen nu- 
xurnuutethe koyulkobolnenudete bulkt 
durudton se mur mur olute the Mojboe bu- 
zur men btkne nupute ruyen kupbon kupu- 
hunnu to muyulom ugur bundhe bundhue 
pute to onhen lokie lokie kur dulte pholon 
ku to muzkor kyu hw kucce kultyunjo iuh- 
ntyonpur dekhtu tot toikur dukpurpheyk 
detu yeh to uftwul Juhr ke logon ku thu 

wr ruju bemur su den buden zurdhouju- 
tu thu munmure hoe bekul ruhtu bur bur 
chute bhur ute wr uykh unsowon ke jhule 
lugute ruj kuj se del oihue ukelu bwthu ruh- 
tu bhurujuhunose Mulemuyulomhotu koch 
ucchu nu lugtu del men Meyul osku kurke 
uykhen bund kur letu wr oske dhyun men 



sukontulu nutuk 63 

pnhron buten kurke dele betub ko tusullt de- 
tu hub ht osko fieyul men surnhne kurke 
kuhtu torn sufitt del se dor kuro xuherhokur 
mojh gumgtn ko dekhut do tub mojhe tom- 
hurt yudnu utjwst kt wwst mun ne ub suzu 
put kodorutupne del se jufkuro fiodu ke 
wuste ek tuqstr mert moyufkuro mwnjwsu 
hen wwst ht mojh se bun ut torn upnt bhulut 
nu cholo gojjujune do del men ruhm kurke 
edhurmonhmolo yehkuhkur rujukoguj 
uguyu monk pur zurdtchu gut budunpu- 
stnu pustnu ho guyu huth punw se fturu- 
kutjutt ruht 

tine men cetreku num ek cert ruju kepus 
dtolt ut yeh fmlut dekhkur be eMteyur rot 
wr puykhu jhulne lugt jub hech ho J ose 
uyu guflutse uykh khol dt serpur Iwndt ko 
rote dekhkur uh kurke bolu tojhe kyu kum 
thujo to edhur ut mun kes urum men thu 
kyon mojhejugukur becun keyu pher to ne 
nue ser se yuddelut 

gum kt ek ketub jub osne kholt tub woh 
cutrtlwndtbolt muhuruj muyulomnuhou 
ke sukontulu ko yuk buyuk ruh men se hot 
chuluwu thu jo yon chulkur leguyu pher xu- 
her nuhou joky uhogut tub ruju ne huhu 
menuku purtjo oskt mu tht oiukur legut 



64 



sukontulu nuiuk 



jub osne ose is fmlut se dekhu hi idhur mwn 
ne monh nu luguyu wr bemorowwuti sepej 
uyu hurcundwohminnutozurise kiskis 
turuA jutu jutuhur wr yud dilu ddukur 
kuhti rnhi . unsowon hi hur eh uyhh se oshi 
nuddiyunbuhtiruhi tubbhimwnneguflut 
se hochpurwuh oske uhwulpur nu hi odhur 
mom he donon celon ne bhi yih fiulut dekh 
chozkur ghur hi ruhli mehrimuduri se os 
muh luqu ho oshi mu ne os bulu se nujutdi 
ceri is bhed se uguh hohur boll idteyur hi 
bug huth se nu dijeye wr thole se denon jubr 
hijiye ommede quwwi hw hi tomhuru isku 
mduphogu woh tomhuriyujiqizurhw wr 
tomhure dumi olfub men ginftur hw jiski 
yeh fiulut buyun hi hyonhur ose bugwr tom- 
hure hulpulegi 

jubtornhureyuq menoshibequruri mrnu- 
luozuri oshimudekhegi kuboseguwuru 
hogu hi woh bismil tegi yiJq hi tuluph tu- 
luphhur yonjunde yduj osjunbulubumu- 
du ku tomhure lubijun budj se hur eg i fiu- 
tenpurejun hojumyu hijiye wrjo mun ne 
fiidmute yuli men yurz hi hw woh joduni 
hw lioijuniye 

woh kuhne lugu wsi qismut men nuhin 
mwn yuhun Muh pur woh wuhun ufluh pur 



suhontulu nuiuk 65 

mere oske furq zumtn o usmunkudurme- 
yunhu melupmomhennuhtnhehogu 
durd mere dtl se hub yehjuegu 
own ek dum mojhko kyonkur uegu 
kuj tojuldt nehulju tun sejt 
wur nu ub tzuen kyu kyupuegu 
pher cert ne huthjolkur yurz ht mun nu- 
htn huhtt torn se butjhoiht yeh kyonkur met 
gut uyolht hub yeh punt men gert tht kes 
wuqt mullufi neput pher kuhun se muhuruj 
he huth men ut ose cutrut se osne yon sumj- 
huyu wr os olfut he dtwune ne yeh bhed 
uyoiht hu sonpuyu 

wohjo beruh he duryu men dobu hou thu 
tub ost uyoiht se yon kuhnelugu mun sum" 
jhu thu he donyu men eh mun ht humbu&t 
hon pur to bht huzt benujtb hu tojhe woh 
lyiuyujoqeyutse huth men ruhhtt tht to chot 
ossejoduhot wrmunbhtdhondhtuhon he 
woh mere urumejun kyu hot hum donon ho 
puctuwu hu mojhe oskt dort ne murne he 
nuzdtkpuhoncuyu wr tere leye yehftulqu 
tern busgerdub hu huhun wust sorutmojhe 
nuxur uwegt wr hub to wusu huth puwegt 
woh befmwust men dtwunu su behul ruhtu 
thu wrjt men jo utu thu so kuhtu thu ub 
suhontulu hu uhwulsono jubmenuku ose 



66 



sukontulu nuiuk 



wuhun se othuhur legut kujyup mont ke 
sthun menjukur oturu bodo bus oskt wuhtn 
moqurrur ke rut den wuhun ruhne luge jub 
fmmul ke den pore hoe eh lulku JuAebju- 
mulpwduhou wroskesotetuleyujuge bhu- 
rut num os lulke hu rukhu wr purwurej 
pune lugu 

jub koch eh buiu hou mont ne eh gundu 
bunuhur oshegulemenduldeyu gonosmen 
yeh thu oshe mu bup sewu jo hot ose choe ku- 
lusumphokur wohoseduse yuhunhutoyeh 
mujuru thu 

wr ketne eh denon ke buyud menukupure 
ne ruju endr sejukur huhu torn ruju dof- 
muntko yuhunbolu bhejo wuqtmoluqutke 
sumjhu sukontulu keuhwul key uddehekur 
huthpukul meludo upketuwujjohseupus 
men on donon hu melup yon nuxur utu hw 

ruju ne qubol kurke oshe bolune he leye 
mutol rnthbun ho fiohm keyu he tuMt leju 
wr do^muntko humurt turuf sepugum de- 
kur jnld suwurhnrhe leu mutol bumojeb 
umr ke ruwunu hou jub wuhun se ruju he 
deolht pur puhoncu woh to dokh men thu 
ke ruthbun ne uhle kuron wr yurzbegeyon 
se xuher keyu mojhe ruju endr ne bheju 
hu Mubur kuro cobduron ne sonte he ruju 



sukontulu nuiuk 67 

se yurz he muhuruj ruju endr ne mutol 
ruthbun ho bheju hu wr eh dob jorut tudt 
wuste up he suwure he le uyu hu ruju ne wo- 
henboluleyu mutolnesulumheyu tub ruju 
ne yeh pochu kuho subke sokh denewule 
ruju tndr dur o yufeyut se ruhte hun osne 
<tedfiutosulumutebuyunkurke yurz he he 
mojhe muhuruj ne yeh pwgum dekur bheju 
hie kedeohumseluztehun humurt homuh 
ho ueye wr onhen suzu ho puhoncueye 

ruju ne osht iiwr o yufeyut pocht pher 
ruju endr he tuyuref hurne lugu zuhe nu- 
sebhumure kerujonhuruju muhuruj hu- 
men es mehrbunt se yudfurmuwe yeh mufiz 
bundu nuwuzt hu wugur nu humurt ho- 
muh he hub moMuj hun jes bunde ho ftohm 
huren eh un men onhu hum tumum hurde 
pher ucche se ucehe pojuk puhunkur tu* 
mum hutheyur budunpur sujkur tudt pur 
buth dedmut men ruju endr he ruwunu hou 
jub udhe ruh tu hurke nedf usmun tuhpu- 
honcu ehpuhul ucehu nuxurpulu ruthbun 
se pochu yeh hoh bu en jekoh hwn su hu wr 
hyunumeshuhu osne yurz he hemholese 
huhte hun es men hujyup mone ruhte hun 

ruju ne kujyup mone hu num sonkur os 
se huhu tudt ho os turuf pher hum onhu 



68 sukontulu nutuk 

durjun kureye woh tuMtos turufle culu jub 
nuzdekjupuhoncu tufit se otur wuhunke 
swr kurne lugu 

phol ruy buruy ke tumum os pur khele 
hoedekhe punt cusmmi sejurt duruMtsub 
mewudur hur ekluhnepurjunwurbolruhe 
wr cuhcuhe kur ruhe 

eskesewu wrektumujudekhukeekluzku 
Mob jorut choit se yomr ku jujuyut ke tu- 
mum ujur oskepejune se rojun hwn jer ke 
bucce se khelruhu hw guv dun o buzo osku 
pukul pukuikur zorkurtuhw wrdotupu- 
jenen oske suth suth hwn hurcund we munyu 
kurte hwn woh nuhen muntu hullujublu 
osku ctr ctrkur duntgentu hw 

ruju ko oske buhudore se tuyujjob hou wr 
je men muhubbut pwdu hoe upne del men 
kuhne lugu jwse upne lulke ko dekhkur 
pyur utu hw wwse he es lulke ke mojhe olfut 
hoe ulluh ne mojhe be wlud rukhu purue 
bete ko Musrutse dekhtu hon pher on tupuJ- 
jenon se pochne lugu ke yeh chotese yomr 
eske wr yehjorut o deluwure kes ku yeh 
belu hw es ke bup ku kyu num hw bolen 
kyukuhen wrkyubutuwen eskebupkum- 
buMt ku yuhun koe num nuhen letu mu eske 
Mob d or ut wr Mo j strut ser se punw tuluk jurm 



sukontulu nutuk 69 

o Auyu so os betuqser ko eske bup ne Humul 
se bheghurmen nurukhube yezzute se ne- 
kuldeyu 

yeh sonkur ruju heje men <mk hou wr 
fekr ke duryu men dob gnyu pherpyur se 
pochne lugu ke bup to tskn gonuhgur hw le- 
ken eske mu kum hw osku u/iwul xuher ku- 
ro rujunejubyonpochu tub tupujjenonne 
juwub deyu es buhudor he mu hu num su- 
kontulu hw juiruju ne ose neku I deyu tub os- 
ke mu menukupureoseosufiwulmendekh- 
kur wuhun se yehun le ut 

sonte he jetnu juk del men thu jutu ruhu 
chutebhurue wrje men kuhne lugu kemun- 
zele muqjod ko hum puhonce beefiteyur 
hokur lulke ko god men olhu leyu wr chute 
se lugukur tupujjenon se kuhu jes ku num 
torn zubunpur nuhenluten woh gonuhgur 
rnun he henjo koch qojorhou so mojh se hou 
os betuqjer ku tuqderwur mwn hon ub mere 
tuqjeren moyufkuro wrmeru unujusonuo 
wr os urumejun ko mojh se meluo lulke ko 
gule se lugue woh yeh kuhtu thu wn % gunde 
he tujer se xuher thu ke koe gwr ose ugur 
huth lugutu to woh gundu ose sunp hokur 
dustu es subub se onhen bhe yuqen hou yeh 
osku bup hw 

m 



70 sukontulu nutuk 

wedwlkur sukontulu ke pus gutn wrsu- 
ru woh ufiwul buyun keyu wr suth le utn 
hurcundos ne sonkur tugufel kt leken kujej 
mufiubbutkt khwnc lut 

ruju ne Mejulut se os fiejub zudt ho dekhu 
kt durdeferuq oske del men hurgur hw wr 
ufiwul osku nwyw dtgur hw monh otru hou 
bul set he cekte hoe hupie budun he mule 
woh jo is jorut senuxur ut zur zur rone lu- 
gu wr woh mrm se ser neholue hoe pus ukur 
khult hot os wuqt ruju ho wr butkoch bun 
nu ut punw pur gerpulu sukontulu bolt 
hyon mojhe gonuhgur kurte ho up bht rone 
lugt wr ser ho punw pur se othukur huhu 
muhuruj ub tomhen hyon hoj uyu ruju 
nekuhu tuqdtrmertmoyufho kochmojhe 
muyulom nuhtn kt mojhe kyu ho guyu thu 
jo mwn neye nulueq buten ktn leken etnu 
duryuft hotu hw ke yeh uyoihtjub mwn ne 
put tub mojhe sodh bholt hot yudut tub se 
junobuletunhw ekdumktdort huzurtu- 
ruh ku runj o meftn hw 

jo koch mq/h segonuhhouhw muyulom 
nuhtn hotu kyu usrur thu Mufgtjune do 
mwn upnegonuh ku up eqrur kurtu hon os 
se dur gozro jojo bemorowwuteyun wr suM- 
teyun mwn ne ktn hwn lotfo mehrbunt se 



sukontulu nutuk 71 

onhen bholjuo Muter men hurgiz nu luo 
mojhe suMtpujemunt Mujel hot hw pus Mb 
runjtdugt dor kuro mere dele gumgtn ko 
musrer kuro yeh kuhu wr huzur huzur 
minnut o sumujut kt sukontulu ne kuhu 
muhuruj gonuh tomhuru koch nuhtn yeh 
mere qesmut kt horut hw upus men we do- 
non yujeq o muyujoq ye huten hur ruhe the 
jo kujyup mont ne ruju ke une kt Mubur son. 
kur boluyu woh lulke ko upnegule se lugue 
hoe jub pus guyu puhle dundwut kurke qu- 
dumleye pherhuthbundhkur gonuhguron 
kt turuM uge khulu ruhu sukontulu bht str 
ntce ktye hoe Muzer hot onhon kt turufgwr 
otuummolsedekhkur rnontnekuhu ktruju 
yth upne Mundun kt buhotnek hw wr yth be- 
lu tske yuhun uccht suyutmenpwdu hou hw 
lucchun ts men sub Mob hwn wr torn bht nek 
zutwrnekjufutho sunjog tomhuru nekhou 
hw jub osne ye Mobtyun buyun ktn tub ruju 
ne huthjolhurkuhu mere del menjo gomunt 
bud wr Mtyult fused hou thu subub osku 
mojhe koch duryuft nuhtn hotu os se mojhe 
uguh kuro kyu buyea ts ku thu wr torn se 
koch chepu nuhtn goztJtu o Mul o uendu ku 
sub uhwul torn pur rojun hw wr mwn torn se 



72 sukontulu nutuk 

es Uyepochtu hon mwn negundhurv biwuh 
kurke surrejtu olfut ku bulhuyu ke kubht 
turdosttkunuiote kyusububhw keburyuks 
oske mojh se yumul men uyu dubur koch 
nu ruht upne qwl o eqrurpur mwn nu ruhu 
up yeh yure wufudur mere ghur men ut 
sozogoduzupnu Jumyuktmunundzubun 
pur lut tub bht mojhe hochpurwuh nu hot 
wr oskejodu hone se bht koch Heyulnugozru 
he yeh hwn hw wr kuhun se ut tht wr kedhur 
gut pher dekhte ht uyotht he hyon kur yud 
ut yeh bulu tuyujjob hw ruju nejub upne 
del hu yeh jobhu buyun keyu tub mont ne 
hunskur juwub deyu sukontulu ho menuku 
jes wuqtyehun lut tht ost unjo sockur mwn 
ne dhyun keyu purdu os ruz ku tumum 
mojhpur kholguyu dorbusu mont ne godde 
se sukontulu ko surupu thu ke ruju ko tert 
turuf se wst guflut howegt ht tojhe bholju- 
wegu buhotdenontulukrowegt guruzjokoch 
osne eske huqq men bud doyu dt tht oske 
usur sub koch nuxur ue es men tuqjtr torn- 
hurt koch nuhtn wr woh surup sukheyon ne 
sonu thu sukontulu ko os se fiubur nu tht wr 
onhon ne bht monusebe wuqtnujunu jo kuh- 
teyun mugur dorbusu ukhe ke huthpunw 



sukontulu nuiuk 73 

pulke onhon ne buhobyujtzt o mtnnubzurt 
kt tub os mont kejt men koch ruhm uyu wr 
yth bhed butuyu kt ruju oskt turufse guflub 
kuregujub uyotht upntpuwegu tub osko su- 
kontulu kt bJwlt hot yudphtr uwegt lektn 
httnt moddut yth tzuen olhuegt yth kuh- 
kur woh mont culu guyu thu wr oskt bud 
doyu ne yth udur ktyu thu kt torn ne dtl se 
oskt yud bholut tht wr uyotht mtlte sodh ut 
ub kochwr tomdtl menundeju nukuro mert 
but yuqtnjuno wr kunn mont ne bht bud 
sulokttomhurt celonkt zubuntsonkur torn- 
hen tuqstrwur nu Ihuhruyu surup dorbusu 
mont ku dhyun men luyu tomhurt bud su- 
lokt kt buten menuku se sonkur ruju tndr 
ne temhen boluyu hw menuku ne yurz kt 
tht torn ruju dofmunb ko bolukur sukon- 
bulukomtludo soyonttttfuqhou ubsukon- 
tulu ko wr upne bete ko lekur ghur phtrjuo 
Mojt fwrrumt se yuj o yujrut kuro ye bu- 
ten horuhtn bhtn kt ekwuktl ruju tndr ku 
wuhunupuhoncu txhurktyu kt ruju tndr 
ne kuhu hwjo humen munxor bhu woh muq- 
^udruhmenporuhou ub bom upne mukun 
kt turufphtr juo yth sonbe ht dundwub 
kurke wr bufibpur sukonbulu wr luike ko bt- 
ihu upbhtsuwurho suth lekur onhen ghur 



74 



sukontulu nutuk 



uyu estwronmojtuqonke upusmenmolu- 
quthoe tuleyusotehoedononkejuge dokh 
durd onke ddon se yuk luMtbhuge donon 
Mos o fiorrum hoe sukontulu rune hoe wr 
ruju upne ruj men Mokmrune hurne lugu 
tumumruywyutonke fioje se judhoe woh 
nugrephtr sure nw ubud hoe sub mutuleb o 
muqujed onke delon ke burue upne upne 
fiosnejuwune ke Mob Mob muze oihue ub yth 
kuhune yuhun tumum hoe wjuwun lufx 
o muyune se buMobe surunjum hoe uzbuske 
zubune refitu men lekhe sul hejre ke mowu- 
feq refttu turefi, hoe 

sukontulu kujo ufiwul es men hu muzkor 
sukontulu ke esenumsekeyumujhor 



at the end of this little volume, a species of 
etymological glossary or correlative vocabulary 
will be inserted 9 with the meanings of every 
word exhibited once, but which will prove so 
comprehensive as to answer all its repetitions 
in the 74 preceding pages, in this manner every 
learner may become master of the hindoostanee 
grammar en passant ; thus uniting theory and 
practice together in the most pleasant and ef- 
fective way for acquiring simultaneously also 
the collocation, phraseology, and common style 
of that language, by successive references for the 
necessary vocables from first to last in this story. 



sukontulu nuiuk 75 

after a brief introduction, by no means interest- 
ing to the ordinary reader at present, the hin- 
doostanee translator proceeds with this dramatic 
romance, in his version of it, thus converted to 
the universal english tongue, as an experiment. 

fursttnvok ie nem ovgod fen aplu yor on 
mwnd to ie store 

dyorey it ren ov key furroMseyur testel 
waz transletedfrom sunsktet ento it bruj or 
pastoral dualtkt ov tndta nw tn it turn ov 
it emporur juhe yulum and undur it gu- 
vurnment ov tepeyk ov ptrz it mostnobl 
prtvt kwnsellor ov ttpyotssant suvertn ov 
eylandz kort htz eksellense marqwts wel- 
lezleguvurnurjeneral fyc 8fc (me hezpros- 
perttt be etnrnal) en fe krestyun yer 1801 
korrespondey wel ie htjre 1215 tn komplu- 
ans wel itderekmn ovhtz wurjepjungel- 
krtst eskwwr (me htz patrunej be perma- 
nent) huxem yulejuwun ekspwnded et en ie 
hendostune or mekst laywej ie kompulurz 
ov ies lejendhav steted azfolloz tat amoy 
ie lejez ov keyfurroliseyur hwen mole Mun fe 
sun ovfedut Mun had g end e battlhez tutl 
ov uyuxum Mun wuz ten konfermd bw fe el- 
lustreus dekre ov hez rctal master and ho at 



76 sukontulu nutuk 

fatvenkrwsis gevordurz tofihinduwipoet 
nuwuz fat hi jodrendur fi drama ov sukon- 
tulu from sunskut into fi arkedian tdtum 
fat pott f erf or turndfis narratev into htrotk 
vurs ov hwic last Us iz d translejun but it 
wun ekstant iniylij haz bin dun from it 
sunshtib if f erf or enni diffurens jod bi 
fwnd to egzist bitwin it to it izpossibl inuf 
fi solisitemn (at w hav her to mek ov intelli- 
jentpersnz izfor tern to opn fi u and ir ov 
justis in ordur to diswdwd adikwethan- 
dur hwefur e translejun ov hinduwtpoitrt 
and vurs kan bi eksikyoted az it ut to be in 
ti hindi or kamp laywij hwen it divursi- 
fwdstruktcur ov fi wun from fiufur iz so 
evident fat hi ho runz me rid fistwlovfi 
formur iz dissimilur ov ft lattur its kon- 
strukjun iz siyyolar fat haz e distiykt mod 
ov its on and fi necyor ov fis iz tkwalli 
strenj independent ov buy ifur rum or vurs 
fi mir konvurjun ov fern into proz wil suf- 
fuentli distrakt enni wunz intellekts fiz 
fyo sentensez ar konsiqwenili insurted lest 
ferbienni hwer okkegunfor nmarks — jod 
men ov sagastti start objekjunz fat fi mm- 
lyovwun vurjun wuz in f is pies so and so 
ne iffe dodttekt an errur it iz nevurfiles 



sukontulu nuiuk 77 

nesessere fat it ut to be gremslt andjodt- 
jusliforgtvn btkuz no hyoman btty kan 
wel bif utiles hw fen jal ennt wun blem mi 
welprosidjuwun wti attenjun to ft hm hwie 
propurlt kommensez at f espies informur 
twmz ier hvd epersn bu nem vtswumitr ho 
havty abandund ft sttt waz in ft habit ov 
dwellty in fi wildurnes to prostkyot hiz on 
plan ov wurstp and divojun boi nwtandde 
hwwleyejdtn fisurvisovhizlord hinevur 
tok it smullestker ov hiz horporialfremfor 
biyondsuc kontemplejun hiz loksnevur wer 
dwrekted tfur htr or fer and to fis digvi waz 
hi ferbw imejieted fat no bodi rekognwzd 
him hiz form plump az ft ekspandty roz 
had bikum az drw az e turn iro dtvwt uste- 
rtti hi apptrd mor ded fan alwv from foz 
penansez he nevur enjad wun moments n- 
laksejun and eksept submittty to fissputz 
ov sivir disipltn hi had in sort no ufur im- 
plement tnordur bw so gret prostrejunfat 
hi mut obten ft dizwr ov hiz hart and ulti- 
metlipluk ftfrot ov rezolyojunfrom its tre 
so tntens wuz hiz divotednes In sat in sue e 
rdtjus attttyod fat hi utmost bw ft efftka- 
si ovhiz ustentiz snact ft iron from ft si- 
lescal divtntti hi purformd ul ft pilgri- 



78 sukontulu nuluk 

mejez hwerevur ie wer from twn to twn 
from revur to nvur from fern to fern hiz 
perambyolemnz werhontinyod nor did he 
omit ti jor ov e siyl holi strem in hwicevur 
wod he hulted e littl nndnr wnn ov its trtz 
htyozd tokindlefwrulrwndand tenhay- 
ly hiz self up bw fi hdz hi yozd to inhel fi 
smok wiievun brei bw hiz mwi and iis wuz 
hiz konstantpraktis az an assetik in jort 
ii biznes ov wr zelut wuz abstrakted kontem- 
plejun ovur hiz rozart ic hwr ov ti de and 
nut hi wundurd ovur ti desurtfor siksti 
foryerz andfromhedtofotwuzhomplitli 
huvurdwddust d wwld erbz alon wer hiz 
fod and ekspozd to fi sunz rez he suffurd 
sponteniusli fi hreviyz ovhuyur and fur st 
dyoriy fi hot sezunz fat hart shored bi- 
gutoffn sited hiz self in fisentur ov efwr 
hwie he had kmdld hwer he rezembld e 
mer hep ov asez but in ii depl ov wmtur 
standiy up to fi nek in hold wutur he yozd 
to kwnt hiz bidz evure morniy and evniy 
wdhartfeltdelut hwendeerealprins herd 
ovtezeksplats mue solisityod andappri- 
henjun wer kreeted in hiz mwndwit respekt 
to ti destrukmn ovhizpwus wurks andhav- 
ey invuted (if ere meniku he treted hur wil 



sukontulu nuiuk 79 

abundant sevtlttt and eksplend it rtal stet 
ov it kes Jt waz so hwltgrattfted wtl ttprtn- 
sez kondtsstnmn (at it moment htz wuez 
wer undurstod Jt spok tn ttz wurdz w am 
fatfert hoz letent carmz tf dtspled btfor 
it htndo trtnttt wun and ul ov ttm wodloz 
ter sensez — wer te evur so m u hod mek tern 
tern az lamz hoz iuts ov mt wod huz tc 
ov tern to for get htz pekyoleurfuyjunz ttz 
uz ov mun ar sofol ov mtstth spelz tat ho- 
evur htholdz tern mnstbtdferwel to wtsdom 
and selfhontrol its btty it hondtmn ovpur- 
suntjez so egzulted hww jod u permtt emit 
wun els to reten htz spotlesfem tn estyl 
moment u sal konvert vtswumttr into e bm 
vurovmun and soloy azhtltvz tnsted ov 
htzsekred token w sal pies it stlov turpttyod 
on htzforhed so mt sue e sent or aykorwt 
tnit ire rejunz ov egztstens ho kan sev hez- 
self from me tat w me tnstantlt cenj htm 
tnto e stnur ended u swer bu it mutt pr ens 
tfhe be nothonstrend to dans e hornpwp un- 
dur it roz wtl me fatmw nem sal no loyur 
be menuku aftur yozty vertus ekspresunz 
luk ftabuv andftksty ft harp on hurjoldur 
se departed fens and setedon hur iron se 
wuz waftedfrom it shu to it uri bw it konje- 



80 suhontulu nuiuk 

ntalbrtz fer jt stmd e planet so redtant 
az to tllyomtnet ft hoi wurld btsudz fts 
hur set ov stksttn ornaments and e duzzn 
ovjyodz wdhwtcstwuz btdekt from top 
to to fat ft sun tn de Iwt hwen ht obzervd 
hur lustr wuz tnflemd wdenvtz fur and 
ft mon at nut btkumty blak wd sputlefruty 
upon ft Iwv holz ov ft starrtfermement no 
sonur dtdputttpursontfwdgeteswtov hur 
luvlt kwnttnans and kapttvetty attur fan tt 
wuz metamorfust totmpwtttanddtvojunz 
ok wuz torn up bw ft rots hwut e dtstrukttv 
flajov httnty wuz Jt hwtc Muted e hoi har- 
vest ovprtvtus restgnejun tn ft twtykltr) ov 
an u hoz amorus glans dtstrakted ft he* 
holdur and rtdyosd ft vert hart tnhtzbo- 
zum to astz hadfurhud vyod hur ht wod 
hav sakrtfuzd htzprejus sol and lult wod 
hav gron mad tt wuz not ft nutty elz alon 
fat f el tn luv wdhur ft vert roz budz burst 
wd ajttemn at hur approc wer e sdescal 
damzel dtssendty from par adus topurstv 
hur fer kan bt no dwt ov hurgtvty up ftgost 
at fer tnturvyo boi ft tnftdel and btltvur 
on stty hur wod obzerv to tc ufur — o god 
hwerevur fts uduljoz hurfes ho wodityk ov 
tfur fts wurld or ft nekst ft rtzult ov ft 



sukontulu nutuk 81 

mattur ez fat se kem en fes mannur to hap- 
tevet fat sent and to kac hez affekjunz bw 
fe erenes ov hur get and fe blandtjment ov 
hurjescorz wet hur sprwtltnes and vwva- 
stttovmovments and ftfantasttkhwtskov 
hur tren jc rent ft kollur ovpejens en twen 
ft bordur ov hur vel wuz gresfultflotyfrom 
hur hed to hur joldurz and fens dayld loslt 
dwn to ft grwnd at evurt step ft mornty 
brtz and zefferz wer htsty ftftt ov fat byo- 
ttful swpres az so mant dtvojunal offer tys 
on ft jrwn ov hur macles carmz ft narsts- 
sus on btholdty ftfertz Iujus wz stod ster- 
ey on Up to wd e hupfol ov luvz nektur en 
ec orb and evurt fwbr ov ft medenher wuz 
twtstty and twwnty wdjelust atftwundur- 
folflekstbtlttt ov hur slendur west piety on 
ft lur and adjustty ets nots to e saturneltan 
soy hwwl tntenton fer harmontus koykord 
adorndwd flwurz tn hur bozum and on ft 
skerts ov hur garments M aruvd ultogefur 
resplendent at ftspothwerhe (fesent) wuz 
absorbd en fe vere akt ovperformey hez re- 
lejus dyotez hwen suddenle fejeyley ovhur 
ornementul fet belz fe melode ov fe lyot 
streyz en konsert wei hur swttle modyoleted 



82 sukontulu nutuk 

vets struk hez erz wet astonejment and upon 
openty hez wzsuc ebyote struk hezswttat 
wun glemps alon entwrle oblettreted evure 
ufur medetejun and ie holstok ov hez adore- 
Junz gend dyorey manepreveus ytrz wuz 
en e moment stqwestreted and plundurd bw 
e maskd batture ov smwlz and wwlz (at 
kyoped fus opend upon hem he on fesfeble 
aroz andbegan Iwh efassenetedmol toflut- 
tur rwnd fefer desevur and from mentul 
destrakjun to kontenyo evure enstantpros- 
tretey hez self on hurfot steps emptor ey be- 
nedekjunz on hur encanteyfegyor to hwec 
he r emend devotey boisolandbodeforevur 
hez speret breid az et wer Iro hez beluvedz 
form alon hwwl wun mor lokfrom hur qwwt 
entokseketed hem welluv aftur fes iefere 
qwen wet sofey ekspremnz restord hem to 
hez lostsensez andwel affektedardur havey 
deklerd hur onpasun je so enflemd hez (at 
for fefurst turn he testedte ekshwezetpleyyor 
ov senjyoal dalleans en e wurm embres hwec 
fe wuntun god so far emprovd az to settl ie 
hermets fyocyor dom bw e seyl akt hozfe- 
tulkonseqwensez en ekscenjfor e moment ov 
bles tradeketedul hop ov happenes on tlur 



\ 



sukontulu nuiuk 83 

swd ov te grev ten infakt he had kuz to re- 
pent and en aywej to eksklem hw evul e ded 
hav w dun en te estemejun ov He god w hav 
stampt enfame on mw on nem hwec wel re* 
dyos me to te alternatev ov qwettey mw wwld 
abod and sere for sum ufur hwer mw deso- 
nurd hedme be konseld menuku nevurieles 
felt hur self pregnant from (at hwr hwec de- 
bard hur return toprens endrus asemblefor 
sum munis andtusforlorn <se remendhwnt- 
ey fern tel (e turmenejun ov (e twrsum nwn 
hwen te yoyoalpereudwuz kompleted jegev 
burl to efemel enfant luvle az te mon but te 
mescefwuz its tat from wunt ov nacyoral 
affekjun m netur sukkld te lettl ennosent at 
hur brest nor hod jefrom antepale to te of- 
sprey ov e mortulevnpreset en hur parental 
armzor evens fesmulestmaturnalaffekjun 
ne je dajt te beb on te hard grwnd eksklem- 
ey tus hww ded te ulmwte konfer upon me 
tes kurs hwec must endyos mw holfamele to 
dezon me ulwez az an wtkast on fefes ov te 
url tes mahdekjun haveyfulenfrom hur 
lepsjeflyo ento e vuolentrej and hud of to 
te rejun hwens Je kern en te hweststet ovper- 
turbejun — fas Je bent hur kors fer but ft lettl 
wun wuz left helples her to etsfet fe store 



84 sukontulu nutnk 

fusprosidz *in fat wddurnes Ji had no 
rtal protektur but ft ulmuti to an tgl jeded 
hur wd its wiyz hwens hur nem ov sukontu- 
lu fer ft beb le wipty and kruty hwul ft 
pnrlt ttrz werflotyfrom hur wz roliy and 
tosty on ft grwnd in ven did ji honttnyo 
openty hur littl mwifor milk td ft omnipo- 
tent wuz grejuslt plizd to kondukt ft holt 
sent kunn to hiz ablyojunz fat we and no 
sonur did hi approc ft pies fan hi su and 
admwrd ftgodnes ov dtvwn providens ma- 
nifested in ft sin fat appird bifor htm . sny 
fis rozbudluiy torn far from fiperent boj 
hi stodmojunleswdwundur Iwkefasstne- 
ted nwttyel ft cwld simde lost purl hast on 
ft grwnd for ho z forlorn stet hifeltgrivd to 
ft hart 



now forewards story of thus relation is, that the 
wilderness in besides god of, her any care taking 
person not was, but a bird her over own wings 
of shade making was, this from, her name is su- 
koontula. there fallen is she weeping was, tears 
of pearls eyelids on stringing was, milk for taking 

* from this to the end, in the next page, a literal version will be 
seen, as an example, whence the whole may he translated, on similar 
principles, and also as that double mode of translation which has been 
highly extolled by some very expert and successful teachers. 



snkonbulu nuluk 85 

mouth opening remained had, hands feet own 
continued striking had, when protector of world 
— own favour made, that kunn saint somewhere 
bathing for gone had, just as that quarter from 
turned out, saw, that this what power divine is ! 
that new flower of parterre to, flower place from 
far having seen, bewildered in manner of night- 
ingale picture became, rolling pearl often like 
was, but ground on, rolling it of seeing, he sor- 
rowful became. 

however uncouth, redundant, preposterous, or 
defective this verbatim et literatim translation 
may seem, it cannot be much more so than a 
similar view of other tongues would often exhi- 
bit ; and as the present mode is, after all, the most 
rational groundwork for rendering one language 
into another faithfully, the scholar may now, by 
way of exercise, turn my bald version here into the 
best english in his power, and then let him com- 
pare it with mine in the foregoing pages, such 
a habit once acquired, will not only, in the first 
instance, give the learner a great command of 
words, with an accurate idea of the grammatical 
arrangement and idiom of the hindoostanee, but 
may hereafter qualify him as a most faithful and 
expert translator or interpreter of eastern tongues, 
taking it for granted, that my advice has been 
studiously followed, and the comparison made 
accordingly, it will probably appear that my ver- 
sion cannot stand the test of rigid examination ; 



sukontulu nutuk 

and, on the whole, in point of elegance, may fall 
greatly short of my pupils' efforts to excel me. 
to anticipate defence when the objections are un- 
known, might be premature, and to repine at 
superior talents would prove me illiberal in the 
extreme ; more especially while stimulating my 
young friends to enter the lists in a fair trial of 
skill with their instructor. 



kunn movdwdhompajun ranandrezd 
U infant from tt dust, and tekiy it in hiz 
bozum tus sed to hiz self w kannot kompri- 
hend nor si hwut {is enjelfen or sum bodiz 
luvli beb hoz byoti surpassez evuri tiy sin 
or dishrwbd kan possibli bi ho kan hav 
abandundeformferur{andwana onfikold 
eri in {is deznrt presiy fi add to hiz brest 
and fold wit sue tuts hi liturnd horn on 
nciy hizdweliy hi J od hiz sisturgwtumi 
fibebizfos andobzurvdaffekjunetli pre 
hontinyo to ceriJ it wd fi utmost her and at- 
tenjun nevur let mi hir ov enni iiy Iwk fi 
smulist neglekt hwen ji biheld ii littl ce- 
rubz hwntmans and herd fikwnd injuyk- 
junz ov hur brntur nspektiy it Jifurst blest 
d beb and {en imbresiy it set abwt nuriJ- 
ly hur tendur carj hwie wuz honstantli 
aftnrwnrdz dandld on hur ni and sukkld 



snkontulu nuiuk 87 

welfondnes and delwt en fes mannur sn- 
kontulu wuz rtrdandfehurmets orholemen 
ov fe wddurnes wer ul vere muc attact to 
hur jewuz enjort fedarleyovfehol and 
past for kunnz dutur je gryo up apes and 
sod fe stdz ov affehjun en evurehart fer wer 
ulso to ufur gerlz wunnemdunosoyu and 
(e ufur pruyumvudu hwen fe Ire, sofosturd 
enkrestenstreyl fe yozdtopletogefur fe lev- 
loyde and wer az horjeal and fond ov ec 
ufur az efwun sol hadanemetedfer separet 
bodez ec ov femwuzevenus ejyono ore 
seniea horn h(tdevnfecestjozef sen he must 
hav luvd jod fe myoz attempt ferprezez 
en vurs hur strenz wodfal jortov fer eksel- 
lens feplastek hand ov fe kreetur hadformd 
fern en fe emej ov luvlenes etself hwen fe Jot 
ayreglansez at beholdurz feperst fer harts 
wel fe arroz ov shorn but hwwl arred en fe 
blandejment ov smwlz tvn aykoruts fem- 
selvzfelt fefurvur ov luv fe anjelekfesez 
ov foz carmurz wer no sonur beheld bu 
enne wun fan he efurfented wel delwt or be- 
hem destraktedwelpamn ferjette re-lets 
formd fe cenz ovfrantek luvurz hoz bind 
semd to tenj fegloey solz ov foz damzelz sno 
hwutfet to fe hoi wer apparentle e konstette- 



88 sukontulu nutuk 

sun ov fe gresez stel enrtalete fat brdyant 
star nemd sukontulu wel e seyl spark ov hur 
byott so enflemd fe harts ov boi wurldz az e 
yoneversal tost fat ft redeant sun hezself 
gryo dent wd enveey hur lustur hw sal u 
deskrub foz carmz hwtc konsentreted en 
hur ul fat ez luvle personefud 

at leyl fe hurmet kunn wun de fus addrest 
fat byote u am nwgoey on epelgremej and 
havey performd mwdevojunz welen efyo 
dez return tel fen do fw ste kontented her 
at rest and tz hwatevur me be wanted bt 
jyor to enform gwtumt for j&. wd not f el to 
plez yo and az epersn devoted entwrle to 
yo <$t wel kontenyo to bles and protekt yo 
jod enne sent sojurn feswe fulrespektfolle 
at hezfet and perform evure offesov hos- 
petalete to hem welwtometty fe smulestdyote 
to fe utmost ov yorpwur 

en fes mannur havey eksplend hez wesez 
to sukontulu ht bad hurferwel and departed 



hendostunt 

sutwen kuhune lomble wr luglug ke 
lomble, go ke uksur dugubuze menzeyu- 
du zurufut se muel ruhte hie tw bht os ne ek 



polyglot fables 89 

bur erudujt men Ihunu ke upnepulost lug- 
lug se thuthu kure es liye oskt mehmunt 
bule tukullqf se kt jub luglug dusturdwun 
pur uyu tub dekhu ke k/ut turuh ke jorwe 
sub cwie monh ke othle burtunon men dhure 
hwn usu kt serf on men cone kt nok ht dobe 
pur upnt bhokh ktst turuh dor nu kur suke 
es men lomblt buhotjuldt se cupul cupul pt- 
nelugt wrruhruh upnemehmunhtturuf 
dekh dekhkur kuhne kuhoyehkhunumelu 
tomhuremonhmenkwsulugtuhw mien y eh 
cuhtt hon ke sub ctzen muzedur wr tomhurt 
cuhut kt hon pur dekhtt hon ke torn huth 
rukh ke khute ho es wuste mwn upne del men 
buhobmulolu khutt hon esse luglug nejunu 
he do J tubut kur be hw oskt butko kun nu de- 
yu leken yeh kuhu ke tomhure sub busun 
mwn nebuhot pusundkeye ufier rotfsut ke 
wuqt lomblt se upneghurjune ke wuste test 
huth kt ke woh upnt bhulmunst se monk nu 
molsukt jubwohdenunpuhoncu tub lom- 
blt upne eqrurpur oske yuhungut jub khu- 
nu lu rukhu tufres ne upne mun men koft 
khukur dekhu ke choie monk ke lumbe lum- 
beburtun qtmesebhurehoedhurehwn lom- 
blt os khune ke dekhne se kejeske cukhne ku 
qubo nupuyu tubjt men lulcune lugt wr 



90 polyglot 

luglug ne upnt lumbt cone onburtunonmen 
dul kur pel bhur khuyu tespur lomble sejo 
ghulepurgere jorwe ho butt cuhutse cut ru- 
httht moskurukurkuhu mwnbuhotfiojhon 

jo tojhe buhot bhokh hw cuhtu hen hejwst 
mwn ne os dentomhurt zeyufutkhue hie torn 
bht del kholkur hhuo lomblt ne esbutse ser 
ntce keyu wv nu fioj nuzur ut luglug bolu 
nuhen nuhen es but men fiufu nu hou cuheye 

jo hot kese kt hunst kt burdujtnu kur suke 
cuheye he woh kest se nu hunse 

furse 

nuqle huftome robuh o luglug 
ugurcerobuhbejturmuelbufurebzeyuduuz 
fiojtubuye, mebujud tu hum yuk murtubu 
dur del erudu kurd he uz lugluge humsu- 
yue fiod zurufut honud lehuzu mehmunte 
o bu kumul tuhullofnumod hurguh luglug 
umud dtdktburdustur/iwunjorbuhueuq- 
sum buconun zurofhue kojudu duhun o 
hum omuq ctdu und he durum serf sure men- 
qur tur mwud lehenbuhecnwyu rufegorsu- 
nugteiodnu tuwunudkurd 

dur tn bun robuh buzodee tumum Mordun 
gertft obutuummolsoemehmune Modmene- 
grtst o meg oft he zuyuqut en ctzhue mun 



fables 91 

dur duhuni jomu ci sun mulom mejuwud 
mun tn me Muhum hi humu ctzhu bumuzu 
o murgobi tube jomu bujud ummu mebi- 
num hi jomu uhistu uhistu meMored bmu- 
bur mun dur deli Mod pec o tub mefiorum 
onguh luglug dunist hi Mojtubuimekonud 
hurfi oru goj nu kurd ummu en bigoft hi 
humu zurofhue jomuru bisyurpusundkur- 
dum uMir buwuqti roMsut uz robuh burue 
bordun buMunui Mod cundun isrur kurd hi 
o uz Mobil morowwuti Mod rud hurdun nu 
tuwunist conunrozimowyundurrusid ro- 
buh bumqjibi wudui Mod bu Munui o ruft 
hurguh tuyum cidund e dur dill Modrunji- 
du niguh kurd hi zurofhue duruz o tuy du- 
hun por uz qimui gojtgozujtuund robuh 
uz diduni un ciz hi bucuJiduni un qubo nu 
yuft dur dil tumyu mekurd o luglug du- 
ruz minqun Modru dur un zurofhu unduM- 
tuJikmserMord budiuzunbu robuh kijor- 
bue oftudu uz bulue zurofi suboe melesid 
butubussom goft hi uz humuligorsunugii 
to mun bisyur Morsundum — meMwuhum co- 
nun hi un roz mun buMunui jomu ziyufut 
Morduum jomu niz burugbuti tumum biMo- 
red robuh uzin hurfsurfuro unduMt o nu- 
Mo j bunuzur umud — luglug goftnu coninust 



92 polyglot 

durin sorut uzordu nu buyud jod kuseki 
bur dust kurduni dojtubuyn digurun nu tu- 
wunud buyud hi o uz kuse nu Mundud 

bhukhu 

sutwtn huhunt lohti w horuy hi 
lohti johi buhodhu kupul muhin uti hun- 
si son lin ruhuti hw tw ho wu nen eh ber vus- 
nu mun men ihunt ht up nen puvosi holuy 
son kwtohul kure yu lue wu hw nyonto ud- 
htk dhom dhum son keyo jub horuy rusoi 
muhtn uyo tub dehhyo hi bhunti bhunti he 
btnjunum he rusu nunhen nunhen hunen he 
thuruni men dhure hwn useki hewul tin men 
cone hw ugru hi bole pur upni hjodhu kuho 
prukur nu tun suhe yu muhin lohti uti otu- 
wuli ten cupur cupur piwuni lugi uro ruhi 
ruhi upnenpuhone hi ordehhi dehhihw hu- 
huni huhw yuh hhwwe kisumunmeri ti- 
hure mohh muhin hwsi swud luguti hw hwn 
yuh cuhuti hwn hi surv vusto so swud w ti- 
hure roc hi hone purdehhuti hwn hi torn hur 
dhur hhuto hw yu lue hwn nij mun muhin 
purehho hhuti hwn yu ten horuy nenjunyo 
ht yuh ihulholi kuruti hu wuki but men kun 
nu diyo pw yuh kuhyo hi tihure subputru 
mohi uti bhue nidun bidu he sumw lohti 



fables 93 

ten upne dhum lujune he urth uso uryo kt 
wuh upnt sujjunutut ten nuhtn nu kuhe sukt 
jud so dewus une puhoncyo tud lokit upne 
bucunprumun wu kegehgutjub rusot lyue 
dhurt tub yu nen upnen mun muhen khed- 
kurt dekhyo ke choie choie gure ke lumbe 
lumbe busun muns ke iokunt ten bhure 
bhuye dhure hwn lokit wu rusot lie dekhwe 
ten Jit juke cukhewe kw duo nu puyo tub 
mun muhen lulcune lugt wr koruy nen up- 
nt lumbtcenco onputrune mennukhebhu- 
Iwn odur bhur khuyo tupu lokit tenjo kulus 
pur pure ruse kwn utt roc son cut ruhtltt 
moskoruekw kuhyo hwn uttprusunn hwn 
jo toht udhik kjhodhu hw cuhuto hwn kt 
jwso mun wu den tehuro nyonto khuyo hw 
torn hon mun kholekhuo lokit nen yubucun 
ten mond ntco ktyo uro uprusunn dekht 
purt — koluy kuhyo nu nu yu but muhen 
unmuno bhuyo nu cuheye jo koo kuho kt 
hunst nu suhe suke ocet hu ke so kuho son 
nuhunse 

boylu 

joptomo kothu kheykseyult o munekjoier 
kheykseyultjodyope kwtokupekhyeprue tu- 
tor i te odheh roto totrupe ek bur drelho mo^ 

p 



94 polyglot 

nosbhokorelekje tuhur protebujtmunekjoler 
sohet porehuj kore otoeb tuhuke bolo jotno 
koreyu modhyunho bhojoner nemontrono 
korelek munekjol bhojono sthune ujeyu dek. 
helek jomyok nunuprokurjhol cwlu ceiku 
putre rukheyuchejuhute se kebolupon Ihon- 
ier ugu mutro dobuetepure kento kreto jud- 
hyo khodhu ntborbo koretepurenu kheyk- 
jeyule ote stghro copor copor koreyu khuete 
lugdo ur khyone khyone upon nemontreto 
byokter degecuheyujegnyujetelugelo umur 
e pokte bhojon to muke hemon luge umt ee 
cuheje jokol drobyo tomur moner moto jo 
jwudo hoe kento tome rukheyu rukheyu 
khuetecho dekheyu bozo khobhethoe munek- 
jol bojhelekje kheykjeyulerohojyo koreteche 
tuhur kothue kecho monojog korelek nu bo- 
roy hohdek tomur jomosto khudyo umuke 
boloe bhulo lugdo eboy bedue kulen kheyk- 
jeyult ke muntkjol upon buitjueburjonye 
emon dhorelekje je jelotu krome nu boltte 
purdek nu jokhon jet neyomet den pwnc- 
helo kheykseyult upon kothu krome tuhur 
buitgelo kento jokhon onno oposthet hoelo 
kheykjeyuh upon bolo lughobotue dekhelek 
choto mokher lombu lombu ghote kote kole 
mm) jo bhoru rukhe yuche jee jokol khudyo 



fables 95 

juhur Jwudloonerjotrotuhur chelo nu dek- 
heyu kebol lobdho hotyu rohdo muntkjol 
upon lombu ihoni tuhur modhye pheltyu 
upon odor jo the Jloportpornokordek pore 
kheykjtyuhrdtgeje ekghoiur oporptthju- 
hute keeho jholpoltyuchdo tuhu bofoot echu 
porbol cutttechdo phtrtyu mokh mockeyu 
kohdek umt btfio JontoMo hodumje tomur 
khodhu bdokhyon uche umur bujonu etje- 
mon umt je dtboj tomur ntmontrono khut- 
yucht tomato temont projonno hotyu khuo 
kheykjtyuh et kothue muthu heih kordek 
eboy bolo ntrunondo drtjio hodo — muntkjo'i 
kohdek nu nu e btJoye btrokto hoto nu ju- 
huru rohojyo johtte nu pure tuhudtger 
octtnoheje kuhuro johttporthuj kore 

sunskut 

suptumu kutku olkumokht kuykuyoh 
yudynpt jrtgulepruyusu/i kutuvehusyenu 
udhtkuy Itnu tuthupzswkudusumepuvust 
kuykum prutt husyny koryumttt munust 
ctntuyttwu tusyu ntmuntrunum vtsturutuJ 
cukuru tutufi kuykufi tmyu gruhuy sumu- 
gutyusunenekuprukurumvtstrttumokhum 
unturormntu sthulum rusus tutru porttun 
tudrtJumputrun dhrttum ustt yutru cunce 



96 polyglot 

kole mutrnn ntmujjet pnrunto kuthum upt 
nu swuheyu kjodhu nevretcs syudttyupuj- 
yut uthu tuyor bhojun urumbhe jrcguh jeg- 
hrutuyoccw rusum pivuntt ponu/l ponur 
vejrumyutmunu/iprughoneku dut druiok- 
tuvutt etudbhukjyummwmukun twun mok- 
he ktdrcjun lugutt survum vustyetun mu- 
muktnumprtyun tuvuvunchurhum ustwet- 
yuhum echume pnrunto dusenuvudumun- 
tun hmm pujyumyuto hreduyete khennus- 
me tutud kuykuj jregule husyuy hurottte 
jununnupe tut huthune suvudhuno nubhu- 
wub kmto twutkuy survum etud umutrum 
mumu rocerum ustttyukuthuyut uthupru- 
yunu kule tenu jregulem swugrehum uneton 
tutru tudrejo huthufi kreto yutufi su swu Jt- 
lutuyu nett hurton nu jujuku yudu tusyu 
nemuntrunu denug sumugutuy tudu jrt- 
gult swuprutegnyuyu huykusyusthunumu- 
gutu utrunturekuyhenu survumbhukjyum, 
untyu tusyu ugre dhretum tudu jregule tut 
tudderghun derghum swulpu turu mokhum 
muysukhundwfi porctum yutru swudetom 
ujuktu swusyu ugreputrun dhretum ustttyu- 
vulokyu dokhttu cetusyuU lob huvutyuvt 
bhuwutturuncu kuykusto swudtrghucuncw 
tutru tutru junty u putre nttwu sumyuk tu- 



fables 97 

renu pornodurum bhohtwu jregulen tutrn 
ghuludyopure putetum rusum ute jrudd- 
huyu lehutem smetwuvucum ohtuvun tuvu 
vnhwtkjodhu cedutyuhludetosme tusmen 
tuvu nemuntrunu dene ynthu muyu bhoktun 
tuthuvu twnyupt nwkupulenu munusutru 
bhoktuvyum ebe sumthecu jrugulyetud 
vrettuntenu Jcro necwfi korvutt vemunu 
evu drejyumunu — kuyhenoktu nuhe nuhye- 
tndvurtuyu hroddhon nurhuse yufi^iujced 
unyukretu husyum solhon notsuhute su 
hum upe nu husedete yoktum 

yurubt 

ulhekuyut os subeuto fe<f juyulubute wul 
yuqyuqe 

ujjuyulubuto wu en kunut kujerum mu 
toyurezo un kujere mozuhen lukennuhu 
summumut ft nnfsehu murrutun erudutu 
un tusbuhzeu bejureh ul yuqyuqe lehuz ut 
tu/iuzut qeruho bulegutunfettukullofe fu- 
luummu ruul yuqyuqo yulul muyuduteun- 
nu ulwun ul muruqefe uwunen yurtzutel 
fumme nuteutes sobehe behwso lu yungume- 
softhe ellu ruso menqurehe lukennuho lum- 
yustuleyu yulu dufyejoyehe bewujhen he- 



98 polyglot 

nu ezunes juyulububo uduzub buorbtl mu~ 
ruqt wulogun wn tunzyoro du zufthi mtru- 
run wn buqolouiibirni un tuyumt huzu hwfu 
bujtdoft muzuqeku wn innt nhobbo un yu- 
konn kolloho luku huntyun mureyun luktn- 
nt uruku bukoloho yustrun yustrun wn li- 
huzu umolloftqulbi mululunfu tufnrrusul 
yuqyuqo unnuhu tusHuro mtnhofu lumyos- 
ge elu hudtsihu luktnnuho qulu tstububbo 
untntuki kolluhu sommn htn ul wuduyt 
ulnhhu yuluj juyulububt un yudyowuhu elu 
bubtht behwso lum buqdir huyuun yulnl tyu- 
ruzt fu lummujuul mwyudo fiuzurubw 
juyulububo yenduho tfuun lewuyudehu fu- 
lummu nhzurut buyumn runt htyu mog- 
bummunft butenehu unnu untyubun biwu- 
lun zwynqnbnr rust muliyubul lohomd mur- 
zozube fuj juyulububo beroyube huznb bu- 
yumd luzt lumbuzfur yulu boyumthtisbub- 
yumutjt strrthu wul yuqyuqo udMulumen- 
quruhob buwtluft bilk ul uwunt wu ukulu 
jubyun sommuizkunubtj juyulnbubo bulyu- 
qo buligubunfil hirst ulmuruq ulluztsuqn- 
bu yululjorrutt — qulu luhu mobubussimun 
innififuruhtn kuJtrin bimulukt minjo- 
yinjudtdtn wuinntuhwuunbukolibuyumt 



fables, $>c. 99 

huzu humu konnu uhulnu men tuyumeht 
ywm uz ztyufute funukusutes duyulububo 
rusuho besumye huz ul hudtse wn wojedub 
monhurutun—qulul yuqyuqoluluwu yum- 
bugt un lu yosumu bthuzu futnnu mun lu 
yutuhummulo ozhokutul gurt yumbugtun 
lu yuzhuhu yulu uhden 



the following hindoostanee epistle, written by a learned 
meritorious native gentleman in the hindee roman cha- 
racter, has just been received ; and let me hope it yet 
may be the means of procuring him some generous pa- 
trons in his old age, as my distance from the scene of 
action is too great to render him any personal service, 
and my influence with his superiors by far too little for 
me to expect that a recommendation from such an iso- 
lated being could do an honest, worthy, and well-in- 
formed hindoo orientalist the smallest good ; cordial 
wishes for his future welfare, therefore, are all in my 
power to bestow, and god grant they may, for this old 
friend's sake, completely succeed. 

yurz menjunube bundugune yult Junfwz 
bufijfbtzrusun ^oduwundeioduegun mud- 
du zelluhol yult 

puhoncutu hht ht Moduwunde neyumut 
junubt kurnul jemz mout sufteb dumu 
dwlutuho ne uz ruhe nuwuzeje ddt es bun- 
due duksur ho yehfurmuyu he ugur to hot 
yurzt wtluyutho Ithhu cuhe to mun ose bu- 



100 

fiojc suth Ityejuoyu ye nuwuzu kt buten 
sonkur wr ythforsut guntmutjunkur es 
bundut junntsurt qudtm ne upnu koch 
ufiwult per mulul moMusur gozurtJt fied- 
mutkurnu wujtbjunu jub sejunubt dwlut 
muub wduynt ko tujrtffurmu hoe tub se 
ythftdwt est holltj men hw buqt qudtm ju- 
ytron wr monjeyon men se buhotse log holltj 
ktcukrtmenufitrhoe yuyune mtr jer yult 
nfsos mtrzu kuzem yultjuwunmuzhur yult 
Aunt wtlu mtr buhudor yult mtr ummun 
wugwrune tsjuhuntfunt ho turk ktyu mu- 
gur yth yust wr monst golum ukbur ub 
tuluhjtte hwn mtr jer yult kt rthlut he 
buyudbundu mtrmonjtktdtdmutmen sur-> 
furuz hou hw wr golum ukbur ehol guye 
guruz woh Mobt wrrwnuqtjo Hoduwundwr 
hurntl juhtbt mumdoh he yuftd men tht so 
huhun ub durs o tudrts hu nu wwsu dhub 
hw nu leyuqut kt wwst turuqqt stwu tshe 
ub holltj men yulem ofuztl buhot hum ruh 
guye qts<tu modtusur holly kt Medmut 
men ub cwbts burus gozre tun ko bozhupu 
uyu nwkurt se bhtjt oktuyu lektn koch 
bthbodt golum kt nu ho sukt bulkt buhot 
su qurzdur ho guyu tts pur koch bhurosu 
bthturt wr turuqqt ku nuhtn kurum kt 



( 101) 

rekh kese turuh nuhen metne ke ugurce 
mojuhurudoswropwhw leken Mure ke boh- 
buyut ke suhub woh koch kefuyut nuhen 
kurtu es leye erudu yeh hw ke cund roz men 
nwkure se esbeyufu huren wr goju nujene 
eMeyur kurkur motuwudel bu dodu ruhon 
ub uih golumzudon men do luike hum he 
lueq hoe hmi pur bemorubbefuezolmorum 
ho nuhen sukte jo eyko koch hum meltu to 
bunde ke bhe koch rufuheyut ho sukte, ub 
junube doduegune ko morubbte qudem wr 
nuwuzej furmue jumem junkur upne fiu- 
qequte ftul ko gozureje dedmut ke ub om- 
mwdyeh hw kepurwurdugur osgolbone dobe 
ko humeju es golestune juhun men pholtu 
phultu rukhkur hum dwlut fiwuhon ke om- 
mwde dele bur luwe zeyudu udub hw 
urzetfedwee fmksur turene curun metter 



it was intended in this edition to have inserted a sort of abridged 
glossary towards the end of the book ; but the demand at present is 
so urgent, on the part of the british indian community, for the 
dialogues, which have already been too long out of print, that the 
insertion of the proposed vocabulary has been pro tempore sus- 
pended; because of two evils, it was thought best to choose the least, 
particularly as the very ample vocabulary, attached to the persian 
rudiments, will in the interim answer every useful purpose, when 
well explained to, and understood by the learner. 



102 



literal translation of the lord's prayer from the Chinese into english, ek 
both by the universal character, and verbally contrasted with eacl 



wr 
delt 

bred 

forgtv 
wr 
trespasser 
for 
wt 
ulso 
forgtv 
deturz 
wr 
ioz 
not 
ltd 
us 
tnto 

temtejun 

but 
dtltvur 
us 
from\ 

tvl 



our 
daily 

breadX 

forgive 
our 
trespasses 
for 
{ we 
also 
forgive 
debtors 
our 
those 
not 
lead 
us 
into 

temptation^ 

but 

deliver 

us 

from 

evil*. 



wo 

yog 
leuy 
men 

wo 
tsct 
hu 
wo 
yt 
men 

fo 

wo 

ce 

wu 

yun 
wo 

tstn 
yw 
wo 

WW 

kyo 
wo 









4* 

351 

m 



* 






JOff 

go 



W 



wr 

fafer 

tn 

hevn 

iu 

nem 

perfekt 

holt 

fu 
ren 



hum 

(w 

wtl 

obten 

perfekt 

on 

erl 

az 

tn 

hevn 

gtv 
us 

tc 
de 



our 

father 

in 

heaven 

thy 

name 

perfect 

holy 

thy 

reign 

come\ 

thy 

icill 

obtain 

perfect 

on 

earth 

as 

in 

heaven 



give 

us 

each 

day 



103 

to the enlightened literati of the current century, the an- 
nexed comparative view of the lortfs prayer in the Chinese 
tongue and symbols, along iviththe universal character, will 
prove an object of some curiosity at least, which may yet ex- 
cite a general desire to extend this plan effectually to every 
other known dialect, including even the diversified modes 
whereby latin, greek, hebrew, fyc. are expressed in the pre- 
sumed orthoepigraphical systems, for the peculiar pronuncia- 
tion long current among the most civilized states of europe, 
which all differ in some minute, but fundamental features from 
one another, for instance, the british sound the latin word 
mus, rtlUSi the italians mOS, and the french of course 7710 S, 
to say nothing of the english mouse, 7YIWS, the Scottish moose, 
7H0S, or the persian moosh, 7R0J. again, the latin i in 
england is frequently the diphthong ?£> but t in Italy, france, 
and Scotland; thus sine, S6U6, SU716 ; and a by the english 
is converted to e, whence their qua, kwe, in sine qua non, 
Sunt kwe Tton, properly Stne kwu non, and pro- 
nounced so every where, england excepted, in this manner 
every national discrepance might speedily be reconciled 
through the panglossal diorama, with one grand cosmopolitan 
scheme, commensurate in this respect with the literary wants 
of the whole human race, and the appropriate precursor of 
a universal tongue. 

figgins is a name already so familiar, and justly celebrated 
in the annals of letter-founding, that it may fairly rank 
next above, or at least on a footing with fry, whose panto- 
graphia must be duly prized by those who consult that work 
as a manual for the printing-office, or as a classical guide 
through the very elements of literature, the famous Chinese 
lexicographer, morrison, having on some occasion lately ex- 
pressed a strong desire to procure a beautiful fount of types, 
cast in this country, for the language, institution, young 
figgins, son of figgins, senior, having a hereditary right to 
excellence in this department, at once tried his own hand, 
whence the elegant sample here produced, by a mere youth, 
in the very arduous task of punch-making, for which, how- 
ever, he has not yet met with any adequate encouragement, 
either in fame or fortune, though the blind may see here 
how richly he deserves both of them. 



( 104 ) 

the lord's prayer in gaelicput into the universal character 

urn uyer u tu ernyev gonevedur benm 
fiigug do leufik jeunur do hoi er un tuluv 
mur u neyur er nyev tuver gony unjoy ur n 
urun Uuelugusmuy gony urfeudu uvdmur 
u vuus jeny dur liofihfeufi ugus nu lyeg un 
bouruy seny uM ser jeny o oik or es lyetsa un 
rtufik ugus uy Jioufik ugud u glorgo jeurey 
umen 

the lords prayer in german 

onserfuter der do best em hemmel gehw- 
leget verde dun nume zokomme dun rwfi 
dunvellegejehe ve em hemmel ulsowfden 
erden onser teglefi brodgtb ons Hwte ond 
fergtb ons onser e jolden uls ver fergeben 
onsern joldegern ondlus ons ne/i ten fer- 
sofioy sondem erlese ons f on den ubel den 
dun estdus rufi onddt liruftondde herlei- 
kut en evefikut umen 



that fair scope may in these pages be given to the in- 
troduction of my universal character, previous to its sub- 
sequent appearance in a much smaller asid more beautiful 
type, the lord's prayer, in gaelic and german, has been 
printed in the existing large letters, which will, never- 
theless, prove of great service along with another fount, 
perhaps a. size or two less, whence we shall always be 
able to substitute magniformal symbols, wherever this 
congenial species of capitals may be esteemed essential on 
peculiar occasions, such as occur in lexicographic works. 

the roman has been preferred to the german mode of 
printing ; and for obvious reasons, the gaelic also, which, 
though not yet blessed with an orthoepigraphical system, 
has now the finest opportunity of embracing one in my 
universal ultimatum, should it be found worthy of that 
honour upon solid grounds. 






those o 

adjectives, $ 
whole ofthi 
any species 



a new cor, 

in com} 

here 



thus modiftt 
niently it 



the key 




3*ii fo & 

s lift fiq pi | 

oy u,n\ | 
noqoo n% 



"" placed over the % I so \ makes it U long, thus converting 

the tushdeed - merely indicates the reiteration of one visibl 

° or n named 1%Z7)% deprives every consonant of the inherent i 

~° termed WUdil above J( Ul denotes a kind of cacograp, 

^t^"3T l?t 3R"srrcfTsaT^3r^tf 

rT^qr^T^ %?p" ft^T 3TCPT qflTTPT 

3r^r3n3fK*Rrp: ^rrfaprrf^rf^ 

«me? 6e/ow i« thefarsee characters, both inserted here, as a good 

P ' P 

^Vj <-£?' ^ ^/ ^W J V- 9 <— «^ VfS- ^ ^ &h 

s- 

w. 

P P P y P 

the universal symbols follow, which, from their very nature, require 
ever, each letter possessing its own intrinsic power without then 
words or periods, that every one will best speak for itself, as, 1 

jubuhbnrbudjuhtn^tpurbhtlhetul 

smites dundunelujunek&son-kur dozor 
jodtthe ekuihlhehoneseupus men len de 



those oriental tyros who will first learn the hmdoostanee rudiments property, and simultaneously can collect a tolerable stockofthe most usfevl nounxj 
adjectives, Sjc. will soon find very little difficulty in reading that language through its appropriate symbols, prodded they will talc the trouble to study the 

lehaleafthis plate well on hath sides, win nee the farniatian of the eastern characters must, hy a few wicks' practice, ujipear ipiitc can/ lu ci; ry erpeti peninanat 
aeu/ species of cliirogrnpihii ; and instead of its emitinui "n- o sinister monstrumhorrendum, will then proeeaiuinilndexler anuimiim in mini mo far that purpose. 

a new comparative view, taken from literal economy on omnilingual principles, of the universal or catholic litrcvclature, 
in complete accordance with the nagurce and persi-arabic system, each letter of which, in their diversified forms, is 

, as component parts of 

oriento-occidental plan of expressing the most useful asialie dialects through the medium of a 
HINIJKE -ROMAN <) Kill OE1M Gil AHIUAI. AI.I'IIAHET. 

thus modified for the purpose of readily cnnprehenduig lie- nn'teersat , horn, I. rs sn/n niddi.l hire, ami some duplicate nagurce letters which are also emu; - 
nielli III interspersed, leherei; e rcipiired and admissilde ; piirtieidai ly as they eon nut easily lie mistaken any tela re, cither far pcrsian or raiuan symhels. 



the key lines numbered in nagnree, english, and persian figures at the bottom, will at one glance demonstrate the several sounds of the 

u u u f fee e e e o 0000000 teuw, www h A y y> w 

^T: WT Tf it V ^ 3UWjJ£ WR £ ^ ^ ?T 

these 3r*m>3fX f and^chetchere^'iire uogiiree letters'^ cC '-JfT T ^ ^ I T hi concomitant sniicrnuiiiemrij fofiin. 

a perusal of the dictionary (pages iv. to xvii. ; will elucidate the names and nature of the foregoing vowels and subsequent 

„ g# P # t v ... « n y v -* » , r i f 

nb np _ 

"^ ^T ^ "Ti TTi "^ ^T ^ 3 T^f*"iTflI cf*T ^T 1 * 

— # — — : > ,p. c^ &** #1 i'i J ir 

i % \ \\ x t $ '? & $ « ' ■■* '* •-&> * ! 

■ * 1 / & i " ± \ % * s $ i # i -> ! 

|T In T\ *? *C^Ha[3T sr£ 3\ ^H *T ^ ?T ft 



,» O0J r ^M)||> «. (^«e ~, «e o^r « or ft ">>" «1«F discriminate t^TZ ; 



^jt72 e )i f I e^f^^cj c^ w ^^r 5r ^5T 



\ I I *P| these letters sufficiently. 

bJlrhtU^c.includcd. ) »°™U, iut as fe., except aru,., can pro^ejU^^^t, 



°. -°-^ £*J?»«ti Z hu,j eye thou . 

1 "I "1 1 s v s 

ill ill ill 1 § § 



, ,,. hall haul bed made maid sm seen scene not u. ..- g 



U to U, by the mark called mudd> whence ullft mumdodu, i.e. elongated. 
e consonant, whence fftHH thus ta becomes Q67171H, jJ^ stands for Itl. 
thort vowel, and ^ does the same in naguree under the name of h/hbiUflt or flWSWYlt. 
hical junction in arabic. — Aj&\ u-J\L tulebolytlm. £„}&\^ ftt-tUTtfl . 

Tit rrc?> ^ *J^ t^r^^rJT ^T^T^ft ^T %fT T^Fft 

;?r sftej g^p g^T^ ^nm ^tc^ ^p:^ ^ °7<f ft 313; 

T 3?ft ST^t ^ 3Tq-?TT ^S^IWiFRrT ^TPf T cR STT^ 

^T I^GrrTT^r T2"*5IT — the above is the annexed JUO HrtOWT^ Sfc in the naguree, 
mode of exhibiting a comparative view of all the three. 

s - 

no prosodial marks what- b<J C__>\n>. jU*c fc} 4 ^' J* j'JV P U JJ$ \j$^ ^^-\r J^ 

i ; and the ordinary stops are denoted by such a graduated scale of spaces between single 

verbal interstice % a comma 3 a semicolon 4 a colon 5 in regular progress to a full stop. 

* cur on turufhe molkon se subqwmqudrdune wrfttz ru- 
men uhurjumyu hoe lekenhur eh ktgoyut wr boltjodt 
n swdu solvf sowuljuwub knrte hurte ek zubun or do he, 



- placed over the % \ so 7 makes it U long, thus converting H to U, by the mark ealled mudd, whence ultfl mumdodu, i.e. elongate,,. 

the tushdeed - merely indicates the reiteration of one visible consonant, whence ffCHU thru, (Lf becomes gtnnU. S 1 D stands for l U . 

nr^anedJUZm deprives every consonant of the inhere,* short vowel, and -does the samemnagnree untler the name of hulunUr huSUnt. 

Vmdl alone J\ ul denotes a kind of cacographical junction in arable.-^ Jjlt lultbotytlm. %j3\J ftt-tWf,A. 



termed 



ERtg^T^^ sf 3R-ssrTfTS[n^3r5t?Tf^r^FTt^f^s|" ^ttt^ ^frc ^Tfsr jnrt^^ 
f^-tn^srrTf ^r^T ffar*: shot qj^rrar sfrc ^T ^ srw ^rrs^f^sFfirr srftt fr ^ 

% ) sfk ^t %^T5y TT % 3T^ *FW5T feHR f^STT— ' Ae " iOTW " the mmxe d J uh ukbur > **• '" °» "*™* 

anrf 6eto in thefarsee characters, both inserted here, as a good mode of exhibiting a comparative view of all the three. 

w Vj <-$ ^ g^ J )r Jl/- <-<^ ^ ^.? J ^ ^ i^~i T *- ^ ^, o* ^ ^ 1^ ^^ 3* ^^ i^ 5 'J* fc^ 

themiversalsymbolsfollow,which,frmntheir very nature, require no prosodial marks what- lit) L_>\ki !U« yj,l ^j!jb ^ iJ*>)J$ ^ \j" ^hfj^ii 
ever, each letter possessing its own intrinsic power without them ; and the ordinary stops are denoted by frich a graduated scale of spaces between single 
words or periods, that every one will best .yical; for itself, o.v, 1 verbal interstice 2 a comma 3 asemicolon 4« coton5 in regular progress to a fill >to t i. 

jubulibwbudjuhtuiitpurbitlhetubcuron turnfke molkon se subqwmqudrdune. torfvtzm- 

suntes/iundu)iclu<func.ke.son-kur/iozor men ukurjumyu hoe lekcnhurek kzgoyuiwr bohjedi 
jodethe ekuihthehoneseupus men len den swdu soluf sowuljuwub kurte kurte ek zubun ordo ke, 
moqurrurhoe, jubfrnzrutjuhjultundu/l^beqa^unneqelyuenioburukwrjuniyernus/e'dwrjuhrpu- 
nuh tuyumzr kurwuyu wr tnlitt tuos men tumumjuwuherjulwuyu tor dulbudulsu fiytmu cobon 
pur estudknr tunubon se khencwuyu wr nuwwub yule, murduniun nuhrkolekur uyu tubpudmh 
ne ft® j hokurjumfurmuyu wr juhr ho upnu duroMdufut bunuyu tub juhjuhun ubud mujhor 
hou(ugurctddlzjodz hu wohporunumhr wr yeh nuyujuhr huhlutu hue) wr wuhun he buzur ho 

Ordoe moyullu fit-tub dtyU. — seepage xvi. of the dictionary, and lines 27 to 36, for the hindee-romanmethod, about to be superseded by t 

wrfater hwecartmhevn hallowedbtfitnem fuhtydumhumfwwelbe,dunoneriaz ettzenhevn 
gevusftsdewr delebred andforgev us wr dets azwtforgcv wr deturz andhdus not into temtejun 
butddevurusfrome,vlfoi-fwnez{ehegdumandfepwurandfegloreforevur emen— consult the back of the 

diorama, at bottom, whence this is a copy, without the figures; and here immediately followed by Ihr. m,/verml nnnuu- huiul llth<r.'.nij>hized, that i 
may readily be approximated In the lypngraphical form, and acquired aeeurd'ni.irly. as the fuuey of each penman may deem best. 






3477-2 



